001 - Personality - Linson(28-01-2009)

8/14/2019 001 - Personality - Linson(28-01-2009)

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personality

By-

Linson John


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Why are some people quite

and passive while others areloud and aggressive?

Are certain personality

typesbetter adapted to

certain

job types?


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People continue to develop andchange throughout life, therebysuggesting the possibility forrenewal

and growth in adults


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definitionsPersonality can be defined as a

dynamic and organized set ofcharacteristics possessed by a personthat uniquely influences his or hercognitions, motivations, and behaviorsin various situations.

The sum total of ways in which anindividual reacts to and interacts withothers.

Enduring patterns of perceiving,relating to, and thinking about theenvironment and oneself that areexhibited in a wide range of social and

personal contexts.


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review of Allport s Theory


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ajor Themes in Allport's Workq e rs on al it y C on si st en cyq o c i a l I n f l u e n c eq h e C o n c e p t o f Se l fq n t e r a c t i o n o f P e r s o n a l i t yi t h S o c i a l I n f l u e n c e


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ersonality TraitsCan We All Be Describedby the Same Traits?

:individual traits possessed by

only one person :common traits possessed by many

,people each to a varying extent

Unique Traits


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Components of Personality1.Consistency

2.Psychological andphysiological

3.Impact behaviors andactions

4.Multiple expressions


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Theories of Personality

our major perspectives on Personality

Psychoanalytic - unconscious motivations

Trait - specific dimensions of personality

Humanistic - inner capacity for growth

Social-Cognitive - influence of environment
http://j/od/theoriesofpersonality/http://j/od/theoriesofpersonality/


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Personality determinants

1. reedom versus Determinism. Heredity versus

Environment. Uniqueness versusUniversality. Active versus Reactive. Optimistic versusPessimistic


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Freud & Personality Structure

Personality arises from conflict twixt agressive,pleasure-seeking impulses and social restraints

Satisfaction

without the guilt?Ego

Super

Ego

Id


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Freud & Personality Structure

Id - energy constantly striving to satisfy basic

drives

Pleasure Principle

Ego - seeks to gratify the Id in realistic

ways

Reality Principle

Super Ego- voice of conscience

that focuses on how

we ought to behave


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Freud & Personality Development

personality forms during the first few years of life,

rooted in unresolved conflicts of early childhood

personality forms during the first few years of life,rooted in unresolved conflicts of early childhood

Psychosexual Stages

Oral (0-18 mos) - centered on the mouthAnal (18-36 mos) - focus on bowel/bladder elim.

Phallic (3-6 yrs) - focus on genitals/Oedipus

Complex(Identification & Gender Identity)

Latency (6-puberty) - sexuality is dormant

Genital(puberty on) - sexual feelings toward

others


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ego

Ego protects itself viaDefense Mechanisms

Ego

Id

Super

E o

Defense MechanismsDefense Mechanisms

reduce/redirect

anxiety by distorting reality


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Defense Mechanisms

Repression - banishes certainthoughts/feelings from consciousness(underlies all other defense

mechanisms)

Regression - retreating to earlier stage of

fixateddevelopment

ReactionFormation - ego makes unacceptableimpulses appear as their opposites

Projection - attributes threatening impulses to

othersRationalization - generate self-justifyingexplanations to hide the real reasons for ouractions

Displacement - divert impulses toward a more

acceptable objectSublimation - transform unacce table im ulse


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The Big Five model

Emotional Stability Calm/AnxiousSecure/Insecure

Extraversion Sociable/Retiring

Fun Loving/Sober

Openness Imaginative/PracticalIndependent/Conform

Agreeableness Soft-Hearted/RuthlessTrusting/Suspicious

Conscientiousness Organized/DisorganizedCareful/Careless


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Major personality attributesinfluencing ob

Locus of control

Internal Locus of ControlInternal Locus of Control You pretty much control your own destiny

External Locus of ControlExternal Locus of ControlLuck, fate and/or powerful others control your

destiny

Methods of StudyMethods of Study

Correlate feelings of control with behaviorCorrelate feelings of control with behavior

Experiment by raising/lowering peoples sense ofExperiment by raising/lowering peoples sense of

control and noting effectscontrol and noting effects


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Type a personality

Are always moving, walking and eating

rapidly.

Feel impatient with the rate at which most

events take place.Strive to think or do two or more things at

once.

Cannot cope with leisure time.Are obsessed with numbers, measuring

their success in terms of how many or how

much of everything they acquire.


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Type b personality

Never suffer from a sense oftime urgency with itsaccompanying impatience.

Feel no need to display or

discuss either theirachievements oraccomplishments unless suchexposure is demanded by the

situation.Play for fun and relaxation

rather than to exhibit theirsuperiority at any cost.

Can relax without guilt.


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THANKY

OU

THANKY

OU


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Questions?????

001 - Personality - Linson(28-01-2009)

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