0 Perspectives on UKs Research Strengths December 2, 2010, London HEPI Conference Dr Nick Fowler, Director of Strategy, Elsevier.

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Perspectives on UK’s Research Strengths

December 2, 2010, London

HEPI Conference

Dr Nick Fowler, Director of Strategy, Elsevier

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Overview of Scientific, Technical and Medical (STM) Information industry

Journals, print and EJournals, print and E

Books, print and EBooks, print and E

Databases and online toolsDatabases and online tools

Academic and government institutions

Academic and government institutions

R&D-intensive corporations

R&D-intensive corporations

MedicalMedical

IndividualsIndividuals

Other

Other

OtherOther

Source: SimbaSource: Simba

CustomersCustomersProductsProducts

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Each year

• 3 million articles submitted

• 300,000 peer reviewers

• 1.5 million articles published

• 30 million readers

• 2 billion digital article downloads

• 30 million article citations

Science publishers have a privileged vantage point on science

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Publication impact, societal impact: Nobel prize examples

Andrew Geim, Konstantin Novoslev Andrew Geim, Konstantin Novoslev GrapheneGraphene 23x average 23x average

Physics Physics

Faster computers, lighter aeroplanes Faster computers, lighter aeroplanes

2010 Nobel Prize winner2010 Nobel Prize winner

Robert EdwardsRobert Edwards

IdeaIdea Publication impactPublication impact

IVFIVF

Societal impactSocietal impact

44x average 44x average

Medicine Medicine

4 million births 4 million births

UK, research articles published: 2003-2009

UK researchers authored 114,000+ articles in 2009 The number of articles authored by UK researchers grew on average by 3.3% per year from 2003-2009, vs. 4.0% globally

Note: Data shows UK’s article outputs (research articles, reviews and conference papers) per year, 2003-09. Growth rates are CAGR calculated over the period 2003-09.Source: Scopus

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R&D funding inputs vs. published article outputs by country

Gross Expenditure on R&D ($Millions)

Logarithmic scalesLogarithmic scales

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2006

Share of global R&D spending, 2006 and 2015

2015

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Share of published journal articles, 1996-2020 (projected)G

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UK, impact of research outputs: 2003-2008

UK articles are cited on average 5.8 times vs. 4.6 for the world average In terms of Impact, UK ‘punches above its weight’ UK’s growing publication impact is associated with growing levels of international collaborationNote: Data shows UK’s article outputs (research articles, reviews and conference papers) and shares using 5 year periods, e.g. 2008 corresponds to 2004-2008 publications .

Size of bubble proportional to 5-year article output

Source: Scopus

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Citations per article

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UK research outputs: rates of collaboration rate

Science is becoming more collaborative: the percent of articles co-authored by researchers residing in separate countries increased from 26% in 2003 to 33% in 2008

The UK’s rate of international collaboration is significantly higher: 41% of articles were co-authored with non-UK researchers in 2008

Note: Data shows proportion of article outputs representing international collaboration (where one or more other countries are listed in the author address) in 5-year periods, e.g. 2008 corresponds to 2004-2008 publications and 2004-2008 citations. Source: Scopus

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International collaboration rates correlates strongly with publication impact

International scientific collaboration is generally acknowledged as a positive force driving national impact and prestige Domestic articles (‘1’) have no collaboration partners have around 3 times fewer citations per article than those with four collaborating countries (‘5’)

Source: Scopus

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Number of collaborating countries (where 1 = domestic)11 22 33 44 55

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UK: international collaboration

Note: Collaboration relationships are shown for the UK and its local collaboration environment. Articles are counted in a 5-year window (i.e. 2004-08 citations to 2004-08 articles) and are represented as variable-thickness lines (edges) between countries (nodes). Line thickness represents the share of collaboration to or from the connected countries. Lines are only shown where greater than 1,000 collaborative articles in this period. Visualisation is by the Force Atlas algorithm, which treats the network of edges as a system of interconnected springs and seeks to satisfy the tension of all edges simultaneously in a 2D rendering; hence, countries sharing a collaborative relationship tend to group together, while those that do not are placed further apart. Source: Scopus

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Scientists are more mobileDestinations of researchers formerly affiliated with UK institutions

Top destinations for UK-based researchers

1. US2. Germany3. France4. Australia5. Canada6. Italy7. Netherlands8. Spain9. Japan10. China

Top destinations for UK-based researchers

1. US2. Germany3. France4. Australia5. Canada6. Italy7. Netherlands8. Spain9. Japan10. China

Source: ScopusSource: Scopus

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Map of UK research strengths, 2009

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UK distinctive competency example Application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology in clinical neurophysiology

Large, fast-growing area of research (20,000 articles in 2009); UK has 24% share, cites more recent research than the US Leading UK institutions: UCL, Oxford, Cambridge, Birmingham Most prolific author: from University of Birmingham Most prolific and most cited institution: UCL

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UK distinctive competency example Acute Psychiatric Nursing

Of all areas of research strength, UK leads by the greatest margin in Acute Psychiatric Nursing: 3x US articles, 2x US citations Leadership driven by King’s College London, City University, U. of Central Lancaster, U. of Manchester and U of Nottingham

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UK distinctive competency example Climate change and sea levels

UK slightly less prolific than US, but more highly cited. Leading institutions in the world include BAS, Oxford, Reading, Bristol and Durham Effective collaboration among UK researchers across disciplinary and institutional boundaries to create a national strength Example: second most highly cited article: physicists, computer scientists (Oxford), climate modellers (Met Office, Rutherford Appleton

Laboratory), earth scientist (Open University), time-series analyst (LSE), meteorologist (U of Reading)

1818Source: Analysis based on Scopus data

UK universities: volume vs impact of outputs

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0.20

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0.60

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1.40

1.60

1.80

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Articles 2007

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World Average

Median FWRI per groupRussell Group 1.5094 Group 1.38Others 0.87

Research IntensiveResearch Selective

No UK university appears in more than 160 (40%) of UK’s distinctive research competencies Both Russell Group and non-Russell Group are highly cited relative to the world average Effective collaboration by UK researchers across all types of institutions at the level of highly specific sub-fields drives UK’s overall impact

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UK research strengths vs. other global leaders

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Implications of observations are challenging

Observations

1. R&D spending drives R&D outputs, and new

global leaders are emerging

2. Science is becoming more collaborative

3. Scientists are more mobile geographically

4. Science is becoming more interdisciplinary

Observations

1. R&D spending drives R&D outputs, and new

global leaders are emerging

2. Science is becoming more collaborative

3. Scientists are more mobile geographically

4. Science is becoming more interdisciplinary

Challenges

• How to hold and grow share given global shift

• How to find and build links with the right partners

• How to identify, attract and retain the best

• How to allocate funds across subjects and departments

Challenges

• How to hold and grow share given global shift

• How to find and build links with the right partners

• How to identify, attract and retain the best

• How to allocate funds across subjects and departments

21Source: “E-journals, their use, value and impact”, 2009 RIN/Ciber

Collaboration area (1 of 4): quality content to drive research efficiency

Science information: less than 1% of universities’ spending, but drives the efficiency and effectiveness of the remaining 99% A 2x increase in article downloads is associated with a 3x increase in articles authored, a 2.7x increase in PhDs granted, and a 4x increase in grants won Effective research institutions drive societal and economic benefits

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Collaboration area (2 of 4): enhanced access to scientific research data

Very high importance , very high satisfaction

High importance , low satisfaction

Source: 3823 researcher respondents, PRC global access vs. Importance study http://www.publishingresearch.net/

Publishers are working to facilitate access to experimental data sets Link data sets to journal articles, e.g. Pangaea, CCDC Support and drive guidelines with key partners, e.g. Wellcome Trust, NSF, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

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Collaboration area (3 of 4): amplified evidence to inform science policy

++

Example, the UCL/Lancet commission: 29 researchers, 13 UCL departments examined the Health Effects of Climate Change. Report was the most requested in Scopus of 7,500+ UCL-authored articles and was in the top 1% of most downloaded articles from ScienceDirect. Findings discussed at a meeting of commonwealth health ministers, and mentioned at the World Health Assembly Other Lancet commissions: the future of health and development with the LSHTM to coincide with the UN Summit held in New York; with UCL on

Healthy Cities; with Harvard on the future of health professional education.

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Collaboration area (4 of 4): tailored information to manage research impact

Project to develop metrics and tools to help institutions maximise the impact of their research investments Institutional and national decision-making: needs data and analysis of collaboration networks, research strengths, and emerging hot spots of research

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Summary

Quality information Quality information

Quality researchQuality research

Quality of life Quality of life