0 ABAP Overview - 2hrs

SAP R/3 System Overview
&
ABAP/4 Programming

Beyond the Obvious

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SAP R/3 System
Overview of R/3 System

Logical View of R/3 System

ABAP/4 - SAP R/3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Advanced Business Application Programming

ABAP/4
Fourth generation languageEvent drivenAll SAP R/3 applications and parts of Basis are
developed in ABAP
Verbose language

Topics of Discussion
ABAP Development WorkbenchData DictionaryReportsBDCSAP ScriptModule Pool

ABAP Development Workbench

ABAP Development Workbench

ABAP Development Workbench is a graphical

programming environment which enables us to create

new ABAP applications and change existing SAP

applications.

ABAP Workbench - Transaction code -S001
Tools -> ABAP Workbench

Repository Browser - Transaction code - SE80

Data Dictionary - SE11

Function Builder - SE37

Screen Painter - SE51

Creating a Program

Click the button ABAP Editor in the Workbench

Creating a program

The program attributes screen looks like this

... Debugging

Runtime Analysis
Tells us how long do specific operations take during the runGives the trace list of subroutines that have been
processed
SQL trace helps to trace database calls to find out
the tables used by the application

Development class
A set of logically related development environment objects. A development class together with its objects is
transportable.
Each development class is under the administration
of one user.

Creating development class

Data Dictionary

Data Dictionary
ABAP Development workbench toolStores system wide data definitionCompletely integrated with ABAP Workbench

Data Dictionary objects
Data Elements DomainsTablesStructuresViews

REPORTS

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ABAP/4 Reporting

Objectives
Understand data declarations, commands, system
fields used in reports
Understand the selection screens Understand the program level events, conditions &
loops
Understand the data retrieval from the tables and
Internal tables
Understand the modularization techniques,
field symbols and logical databases

Types of programs

Type 1
run on its own Can be started it in the R/3 system without a
transaction code
Can be executed in background
Type M ( Module pool)
Program cannot run on its own and can be called via
a transaction code

Type I ( Include )

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Program Selections
SELECT-OPTIONS Statement
SELECT-OPTIONS FOR

NO EXTENSION

OBLIGATORY

LOWER CASE

SELECT-OPTIONS allows specification of multiple values and ranges. This can only be declared for fields within tables defined in the TABLES statement.

Example

SELECT-OPTIONS: S_KUNNR FOR KNA1-KUNNR.

Program Selections
PARAMETERS Statement
PARAMETERS TYPE

LIKE

OBLIGATORY

AS CHECKBOX

DEFAULT

This statement allows entry of a single value on the selection screen.

Example :

PARAMETER : P_KUNNR LIKE KNA1-KUNNR.

Blocking Selection Screen
A sample screen SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK RAD1
WITH FRAME TITLE TEXT-002.

PARAMETERS R1 RADIOBUTTON GROUP GR1.



SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK RAD1.

DATA Definitions
TYPES Statement
TYPES TYPE or LIKE

DECIMALS

SAP allows the creation of new user defined data types. And this does not create a variable, just a new type that can be used in creating a variable.

Example :

TYPES : CC LIKE BKPF-BUKRS

DATA : NEW_CC TYPE CC.

Data Definitions
Internal Tables
DATA : BEGIN OF OCCURS x,

(variable definitions)

END OF .

Internal Tables are defined as an extension of a structure, with the addition of an OCCURS clause.

Example

DATA : BEGIN OF T_WRK,

T_KUNNR LIKE KNA1-KUNNR,

SW TYPE C,

END OF T_WRK.

Program Level Events
INITIALIZATION.AT SELECTION-SCREENAT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUTSTART-OF-SELECTIONEND-OF-SELECTIONTOP-OF-PAGEEND-OF-PAGEAT LINE-SELECTIONAT USER-COMMAND

IF Statement
CASE Statement

Modularization techniques
Defining MacrosInclude programSubroutinesFunction Module

BDC - Batch Data Communication
To transfer data from non-SAP systems ( ie. already available in electronic form ) Suitable for entering large amounts of data as it
executes the transactions automatically
Similar to entering the data in the transactions manually

BDC Methods
Classical MethodCall TransactionCall Dialog

Preparing a BDC Table
The BDC table should have five fields viz.,
1) Program name

2) Screen number

3) Screen begin

4) Field name

5) Field value

Preparing a BDC Table

For eg.

Prog Screen Scrn Field Field

name No begin name value

SAPMMO3M 0060 X

RM03M- MATNR mat.no

RM03M-MBRSH indu. sec

.

.

SAPMM03M 0080 X

RM03M-WERKS target pla

.

.

SAP Script

SAP Script

Objectives
Understand Forms, various components of forms
such as windows, pages, character format,

paragraph format etc.
Understand the control commands, symbols and
function modules in SAP Script.

Forms
Controls the page layout and text formatting
A form of the graphical Form Painter consists of
Header data Page layoutParagraph formatCharacter formatDocumentation

SAP Script - Control commands
PERFORM Command
To Call an ABAP subroutine (form) from any program

Syntax

/: PERFORM IN PROGRAM

/: USING &VAR1&

/: CHANGING &VAR2&

/: ENDPERFORM

Function Modules in SAP Script
Form functionsOPEN_FORM Opens the form output.WRITE_FORM Calls a form element CLOSE_FORM Ends the form output.START_FORM Starts a new form.DatabaseREAD_TEXT Reads a text module and passes
it to the specified work areas.

Module Pool

Creating Screens
Click screen painter button in Workbench
4.unknown

Structure of program

Flow logic

The flow logic of a screen drives the processing

sequence for that particular screen. Flow logic

describes how the program reacts to the user actions.

The events used for this purpose are,
Process before output (PBO)Process after input (PAI)Process on value request (POV)Process on help request (POH)

0 ABAP Overview - 2hrs

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