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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 5
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 20186
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 7
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Page 10
ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201812
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and Analysis by IDC (April 2014), available at:https://www.emc.com/leadership/digital-universe/2014iview/executive-summary.htmlS3V https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/mobile-white-paper-c11-520862.html
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 13
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Page 12
ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201814
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Page 13
ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 15
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201816
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201818
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 19
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Page 20
ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201822
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 23
v˛zˆÏÕ‘Ö˛ô!O ≠
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mahatma_GandhiSubsidy leakagehttps://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/subsidies-and-the-poor/article6944223.eceShare of global economy at Independencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_IndiaShare of global GDP todayhttps://www.india.com/business/indias-share-in-worlds-gdp-increased-from-2-6-in-2014-to-3-1-in-2017-2968920/69% of Indian jobs will disappear:https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/looming-threat-automation-risks-69-per-cent-jobs-in-india-says-world-bank/articleshow/54687904.cmsFarm to retail gaphttps://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/the-costly-stretch-from-farm-to-table-112072700042_1.htmlhttps://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/vendors-at-retail-markets-sell-onion-at-twice-the-wholesale-rate-318865-2016-04-20https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/gap-in-wholesale-and-retail-vegetable-prices-widens-on-cash-shortage-116120200778_1.htmlhttps://www.hindustantimes.com/business/assocham-report-gap-between-retail-and-wholesale-vegetable-prices-rise-beyond-53-5/story-0R5Th42HrN7g3BjjMWeeHL.htmlhttps://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9788132224754-c1.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1527675-p177384834
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201824
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 25
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 27
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201828
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 29
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¢!ß ÏÓü xÌÓy ¢Çfl iyò (localization)Óú Ïì˛ ˆÓyG˛y ÏFäÈ ˜Óî%ƒ!ì˛ò ≤à ÏÎ˚yÜÎ Ïs˛f
¶˛yÓì˛#Î ¶˛y°Ïy ÓƒÓ£y ÏÓÓ ¢% ÏÎyÜ– ÎÖò
ˆÑ˛yòÁ ˆe´ì˛y ˆõyÓy£zú ˆö˛yò !Ñ˛ò ÏäÈò
ì˛Öò ì˛yˆÏì˛ £zLjÏÓ˚!ã ~ÓÇ !£!®Ó˚
˛ôyüy˛ôy!ü fl iyò#Î ¶˛y°ÏyÓ õyïƒ Ïõ ≤Ãîü≈ò
Óy display, ~ÓÇ ˆÓyì˛yõ !›˛ Ï ô ˆúÖyÓ˚
ÓƒÓfl˛iy (Keyboard) ÌyÑ˛ Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ– ì˛yÓ˚
¢ ÏDñ ≤à ÏÎ˚yãò õ Ïì˛y ˛ôÓ˚Óì˛#≈ Ïì˛Á Îy Ïì˛
~Ñ˛£z ≤ÈÏÎ˚yÜΈÏs˛f xòƒ ˆÑ˛yòÁ ¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚
õyïƒ Ïõ ≤Ãîü≈ò Óy ˆÓyì˛yõ !›˛ Ï ô ˆúÖyÓ˚
ÓƒÓfl˛iy Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ñ ì˛y ¢%!ò!ÿ˛ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚y ãÓ˚&!Ó˚–
~ Ï«˛ Ïe !ò!î≈‹T õyòî Ï[˛Ó ÓƒÓ£yÓ ~Ñ˛!›˛
=Ó˚&c˛ô)í≈ !Ó°ÏÎ˚– ì˛ ÏÓ£z ~Ñ˛!›˛ ≤à ÏÎ˚yÜÎ Ïs˛f
˜ì˛!Ó˚ ì˛Ìƒy!îÓ˚ xòƒ ≤à ÏÎ˚yÜÎ Ïs˛f ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚
S≤Ãîü≈òñ ¢¡ôyîòyñ ≤Ã!e´Î˚yÑ˛Ó˚íV ¢Ω˛Ó
£ ÏÓ– ~ãòƒ x!¶˛ß¨ !â˛£´ (Unicode) Ó˚yÖy
ãÓ˚&!Ó˚ÈÙÙÙÈÎy Ïì˛ ≤Ã!ì˛!›˛ Î Ïs˛fÓ˚ ≤à ÏÎ˚yÜ!Ó!ï
~Ñ˛£z Ìy ÏÑ˛–
˜Óî%ƒ!ì˛ò õyÏõ ¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚ ¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚
!Ó°ÏÎ˚Ólfl˛Ó˚ ¢,ãò ≠
¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚ ¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚ ˜Óî%ƒ!ì˛ò õyÏõ
!Ó°ÏÎ˚Ólfl˛Ó˚ ¢,ãò Óy ˆúÖy˛ô ÏeÓ˚ ¢ÇÖƒy
Óyv ¸y Ïòy xì˛ƒhs˘˛ ãÓ˚&!Ó˚– ì˛y Ó£z ÏÎ˚Ó˚ !ÓÑ˛“
òÎ˚ xÓüƒ£z– !Ñ˛ls˘˛ òì% ò ≤Ãã Ïß√Ó˚ õ Ïïƒ
£zr›˛yÓ˚ Ïò Ï›˛ !Ó!¶˛ß !Ó°ÏÎ˚ ãyòy !Ñ˛ÇÓy ˛ôv˛yÓ˚
≤ÃÓíì˛y Óyv ¸ ÏäÈÈÙÙÙÈ~Á ¢ì˛ƒ–
Ñ˛ ÏÎ˚Ñ˛ ÓäÈÓ˚ xy ÏÜ£zñ 2000 ¢y Ïúñ
ãyõ≈y!ò Ïì˛ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ¢õ#«˛yÎ˚ ˆîÖy ˆÜ ÏäÈñ
ì˛Ó˚&íÈÙÈì˛Ó˚&í#Ó˚y £zr›˛yÓ˚ Ïò Ï›˛ ãyõ≈yò ¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚
Ó˚â˛òyÓ˚ ˆâ˛ ÏÎ˚ £zÇ ÏÓ˚!ã Ó˚â˛òyÓ˚ ˆÖ§yã ˆÓ!ü
Ñ˛Ó ÏäÈò– Ñ˛yÓí £úñ £zr›˛yÓ Ïò Ï›˛ ãyõ≈yò
¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚ ˆúÖy !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ólfl˛ Óy Ó˚â˛òy !äÈú
Ñ˛õ– ˆîüˆÏãyv˛¸y v˛zˆÏîƒyˆÏÜÓ˚ ö˛ˆÏú
£zr›˛yÓ˚ Ïò Ï›˛ ãyõ≈yò ¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚ Ó˚â˛òy ˆÎ
õ%£) Ïì≈ ˆÓ!ü ˛ôyÁÎ˚y ˆÎ Ïì˛ úyÜúñ
ì˛Öò£z ì˛Ó&í ≤Ããß√ ˆö˛Ó ãyõ≈yò ¶˛y°ÏyÎ
ˆúÖyÓ˚ ˆÖ§yã ˆÓ!ü Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ÷Ó˚& Ñ˛Ó˚ú–
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òy– ~ãòƒ£zñ ˜Óî%ƒ!ì˛ò ˆ«˛ Ïe ¢Ó
¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚ ¶˛y°Ïy Ïì˛£z ˆúÖy˛ô ÏeÓ˚ ¢ÇÖƒy
Óyv ¸y Ïòy xy÷ ≤à ÏÎ˚yãò–
£zÇ ÏÓ˚!ã ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ xò%Óy ÏîÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ
fl ∫“ ÏõÎ˚y Ïî ~£z Ñ˛yã Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚– ì˛ ÏÓñ
î#á≈ ÏõÎ˚y Ïî ¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚ ¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚ ˆõÔ!úÑ˛
Ó˚â˛òyÓ˚ ¢ÇÖƒy Óyv ¸y Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ–
¶˛yÓ˚ Ïì˛Ó˚ ~Ñ˛ ¶˛y°Ïy ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ xòƒ ¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚
xò%Óyî Ñ˛ÓyÓ ˛ô ÏÌÁ ~ ÏÜy Ïòy ˆÎ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ–
~ Ïì˛ ¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚ ˆ≤Ã!«˛ Ïì˛ ≤Ãy¢!DÑ˛ Ó˚â˛òyÓ˚
¢ÇÖƒy Óyv ¸ ÏÓ– ~ Ï«˛ Ïeñ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ólfl˛Ó˚ õ)ú
Ó_´Óƒ ì% Ïú ïÓ˚yÁ !Óãyì˛#Î˚ ¶˛y°Ïy ˆÌ ÏÑ˛
xò%Óy ÏîÓ˚ ì% úòyÎ˚ x ÏòÑ˛ ¢£ã–
fl ∫Î˚Ç!e´Î˚ Îs˛fyò%Óyî ≠
~£z ≤Ã!e´Î˚yÎ˚ ~Ñ˛ ¶˛y°Ïy ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ xòƒ
¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚ xò%Óyî £Î˚ ì˛Í«˛íyÍ– xò%Óy ÏîÓ˚
õyò !ò¶≈ Ó Ñ˛ ÏÓ ¶˛y°Ïy î%Û!›˛Ó õ)úÜì˛ ˛ôyÌ≈Ñ˛ƒ
~ÓÇ ÓƒÓ£*ì˛ ≤ÃÎ%!_´Ó˚ v zÍÑ˛ Ï°Ï≈Ó˚ Á˛ôÓ˚–
~£z ˛ô ÏÌñ £zÇ ÏÓ!ã ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ ¶˛yÓì˛#Î ¶˛y°ÏyÎ
xÌÓy ¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚ ¶˛y°Ïy ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ £zÇ ÏÓ˚!ã Ïì˛
xò%Óyî fl ∫y¶˛y!ÓÑ˛¶˛y ÏÓ£z ì% úòyõ)úÑ˛¶˛y ÏÓ
!ò¡¨õyˆÏòÓ˚ £ˆÏÎ˚ ÌyˆÏÑ˛– Ñ˛yÓ˚í ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏe
¶˛y°ÏyÜì˛ ≤à ϶˛î x ÏòÑ˛ ˆÓ!ü– ¶˛yÓ˚ Ïì˛Ó˚
ÚÚ¶˛yÓ Ïì˛ Ó˝ õyò%°Ï £zÇ ÏÓ!ã ãy Ïòò òy–
~ãòƒ£zñ ˜Óî%ƒ!ì˛ò ˆ«˛ Ïe ¢Ó ¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚
¶˛y°Ïy Ïì˛£z ˆúÖy˛ô ÏeÓ ¢ÇÖƒy Óyv˛y Ïòy xy÷
≤ÈÏÎ˚yãò– £zLjÏÓ˚!㠈̈ÏÑ˛ xò%ÓyˆÏîÓ˚
õyïƒ Ïõ fl ∫“ ÏõÎ˚y Ïî ~£z Ñ˛yã Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚–
ì˛ ÏÓñ î#á≈ ÏõÎy Ïî ¶˛yÓì˛#Î ¶˛y°ÏyÎ ˆõÔ!úÑ˛
Ó˚â˛òyÓ˚ ¢ÇÖƒy Óyv ¸y Ïì˛ £ ÏÓ– ¶˛yÓ˚ Ïì˛Ó˚
~Ñ˛ ¶˛y°Ïy ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ xòƒ ¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚ xò%Óyî
Ñ˛ÓyÓ ˛ô ÏÌÁ ~ ÏÜy Ïòy ˆÎ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ– ~ Ïì˛
¶˛yÓì˛#Î ˆ≤Ã!«˛ Ïì˛ ≤Ãy¢!DÑ˛ Óâ˛òyÓ ¢ÇÖƒy
Óyv˛ ÏÓ–ÛÛ
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201830
~Ñ˛ ¶˛y°Ïy ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ xòƒ ¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚ xò%Óy ÏîÓ˚
ˆÓúyÎ˚ ~£z ¢õ¢ƒy x ÏòÑ˛ Ñ˛õ–
ˆîÖy Îy ÏFäÈñ Î Ïs˛f fl ∫Î˚Ç!e´Î˚ ÓƒÓfl˛iyÎ˚
xò)!îì˛ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ólfl˛Ó˚ õ)ú Ó_´Óƒ ˆÓyïÜõƒ
£ ÏúÁ ¢yÓú#úì˛yÓ˚ ≤à ϟ¿ áy›˛!ì˛ Ìy ÏÑ˛–
ö˛ˆÏú £yˆÏì˛ÈÙÈÑ˛úˆÏõ xò%Óyî ~ÓÇ Îs˛f
xò%ÓyˆÏîÓ˚ !õ◊ˆÏí ~ˆÏÜyˆÏòyÓ˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yãò
Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ ÏäÈ– Î Ïs˛f xò%Óy ÏîÓ˚ xy ÏÜ Óy ˛ô ÏÓ˚
¢y ÏÓ!Ñ˛ xò%Óyî ÏÑ˛Ó õyïƒ Ïõ ¢¡ôyîòy £ Ïú
ì˛ ÏÓ£z Ñ˛y!A«˛ì˛ õy Ïò ˆ˛ôÔ§ ÏäÈy Ïòy ÎyÎ˚–
¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨ ¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚ ˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛
Îs fyò%Óy ÏîÓ õyò ¶˛y Ïúy£z– £zv z ÏÓy Ï ôÓ !Ó!¶˛ß
¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚ ˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ Îs˛fyò%Óy ÏîÓ˚ ¢ ÏD ì˛y
ì%˛úò#Î˚– !Ñ˛ls˘˛ ¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚ ¶˛y°Ïy=!úÓ˚
˛ôyÓ˚fl˛ô!Ó˚Ñ˛ Îs˛fyò%Óyî ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚# ~ÓÇ
≤ÃÑ˛yüÑ˛ ¢Çfl˛iy=!úÓ˚ Ñ˛y ÏäÈ ˆ˛ôÔ§ ÏäÈ ˆîÁÎ˚yÓ˚
ˆ«˛ Ïe xyÓ˚Á x ÏòÑ˛ !Ñ˛ä%È Ñ˛Ó˚yÓ˚ xÓÑ˛yü
xyˆÏäÈ–
≤ÃyÎ 12ÈÙÈ!›˛ ¶˛yÓì˛#Î ¶˛y°ÏyÓ Îs fyò%Óy ÏîÓ
ÓƒÓfl˛iy Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ ÏäÈ– ì˛˛ô!ü Ïú ÌyÑ˛y 22ÈÙÈ!›˛
¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ Ïe£z ~£z ÓƒÓfl iy Ü Ïv˛ ˆì˛yúy
ãÓ˚&!Ó˚– ~ãòƒ ≤ÃÎ%!_´Üì˛ Ñ˛y‡˛yˆÏõy
˜ì˛!Ó˚– òì%˛ò ˆÑ˛yòÁ ¶˛y°ÏyÎ%ÜúˆÏÑ˛
î%ÛÓäÈ ÏÓ˚Ó˚ õ Ïz ì˛yÓ˚ xyÁì˛yÎ˚ !ò ÏÎ˚
xy¢y ¢Ω˛Ó–
ˆÑ˛yòÁ !ò!î≈‹T !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ólfl˛Ó˚ !Ó!¶˛ß¨
¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚ ú¶˛ƒì˛y ≠
˜Óî%ƒ!ì˛ò ˆ«˛e Óy £zr›˛yÓ˚ˆÏòˆÏ›˛
¶˛yÓì˛#Î ¶˛y°ÏyÎ Óâ˛òyÓ ¢ÇÖƒy Óyv˛y ÏòyÓ
˛ôyüy˛ôy!ü ì˛y ¢£ Ïã Ö%§ Ïã ˛ôyÁÎ˚yÓ˚
!Ó°ÏÎ˚!›˛ !ò!ÿ˛ì˛ Ñ˛Ó˚yÁ ãÓ˚&!Ó˚– ~£z
!îÑ˛!›˛ !Ó Ïü°Ï¶˛y ÏÓ Ö!ì˛ ÏÎ˚ ˆîÖy îÓ˚Ñ˛yÓ˚–
Ñ˛yÓ˚íñ ≤ÃÌõ ≤ÃÌõ ¢õhfl Ï ¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚ ¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚
~Ñ˛!›˛ !ò!î≈‹T !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ólfl˛ ¢¡ô ÏÑ≈ ˆúÖy òyÁ
ÌyÑ˛ˆÏì˛ ˛ôyˆÏÓ˚– ~ãòƒ !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ólfl˛ Á
¶˛y°Ïy!¶˛!_Ñ˛ ¢)!Ⲡ˜ì˛!Ó˚ Ñ˛Ó˚y ≤à ÏÎ˚yãò–
Óyâ˛ò ≤Ã!e´Î˚yÑ˛Ó˚í ≠
~ ¢Çe´yhs˘˛ ≤ÃÎ%!_´ ≤Ãíyú# ÏÑ˛ î%Û¶˛y ÏÜ
¶˛yÜ Ñ˛Ó˚y ÎyÎ˚ÈÙÙÙÈ
!úÖò ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ Óyâ˛ò
Óyâ˛ò ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ !úÖò
≤ÃÌõ ≤Ãíyú#!›˛Ó˚ xyÁì˛yÎ˚ ˛ô!Ó˚ÜíÑ˛ Óy
Ñ˛!¡ôv z›˛yÓ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ ˆúÖy ÏÑ˛ ˛ô Ïv ¸ ˆüyòy Ïì˛
˛ôy ÏÓ˚– !mì˛#Î˚ ≤Ãíyú# Ïì˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ÜíÑ˛ Óyâ˛ò
÷ Ïò ì˛y !ú!Öì˛ xyÑ˛y ÏÓ˚ ≤ÃÑ˛yü Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚–
!úÖò ˆÌ ÏÑ˛ Óyâ˛ò ≤Ãíyú#Ó˚ õyïƒ Ïõ
!òÓ˚«˛Ó˚ !Ñ˛ÇÓy î,!‹Tü!_´£#ò õyò% Ï°ÏÓ˚ Ñ˛y ÏäÈ
ˆÑ˛yòÁ !ò!î≈‹T !Ó°ÏÎ˚Ólfl˛Ó˚ Ó_´Óƒ ì% Ïú ïÓ˚y
ÎyÎ˚– ~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏeñ ˆúÖy!›˛ ˆâ˛yˆÏÖ ˆîÖyÓ˚
≤ÈÏÎ˚yãò ˛ôˆÏv˛¸ òy SˆÎõò î)Ó˚¶˛yˆÏ°Ï
≤à ϟ¿y_Ó˚õ)úÑ˛ Ñ˛ ÏÌy˛ôÑ˛ÌòV– ~£z ≤ÃÎ%!_´
ˆÓü ˛ô!Óíì˛ ~ÓÇ 12ÈÙÈ!›˛ÓÁ ˆÓ!ü ¶˛yÓì˛#Î
¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚ ~£z ¢%!Óïy ˛ôyÁÎ˚y ÎyÎ˚– ˆÑ˛yòÁ
!ò!î≈‹T ¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚ Óyâ˛ò õyïƒ Ïõ ˆîÁÎ˚y !ò Ïî≈ü
˛ô!ÓÜíÑ˛ Óy Ñ˛!¡ôv z›˛yÓ ÏÑ˛ ˆÓyG˛y Ïì˛ ÓƒÓ£yÓ
Ñ˛Óy £Î fl ∫ÎÇ!e´Î Óyâ˛ò !â˛!£´ì˛Ñ˛Óí ≤Ãíyú#–
î)Ó˚¶˛y°Ï ÓyⲠÏòÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ @˘Ãy£ ÏÑ˛Ó˚ â˛y!£îy
Ó%ˆÏG˛ ˛ô!Ó˚ÜíÑ˛ ~£z ≤Ãíyú#ˆÏì˛£z
≤à ÏÎyãò#Î ì˛ ÏÌƒÓ ¢Çfl iyò Ñ˛ ÏÓ Ìy ÏÑ˛–
fl ∫Î˚Ç!e´Î˚ Óyâ˛ò !â˛!£´ì˛Ñ˛Ó˚í ≤ÃÎ%!_´
˛ôÓ˚#«˛yõ)úÑ˛ hfl˛ÏˆÏÓ˚ ú¶˛ƒ 12ÈÙÈ!›˛
¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚ ¶˛y°ÏyÓ˚ ˆ«˛ˆÏe– !Ñ˛ls˘˛ ~£z
≤ÃÎ%!_´ ~ÖòÁ ì˛ì˛›˛y ˛ô!Ó˚íì˛ òÎ˚–
~!Ó°Ï ÏÎ˚ e&!›˛£#ò ˛ô!Ó˚ Ï°ÏÓyÓ˚ ≤ây ÏÓ˚
xyÓ˚Á Ü ÏÓ°Ïíy ≤à ÏÎ˚yãò–
xyˆÏúyÑ˛#Î˚ â˛!Ó˚e üòy_´Ñ˛Ó˚í
(Optical CharacterRecognition—OCR) :
~ˆÏ«˛ˆÏeÁ ≤ÃÎ%!_´Ó˚ î%Û!›˛ !îÑ˛
Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ˆÏäÈ–
äÈy˛ôy x«˛Ó˚ Óy !ⲠÏeÓ˚ xy ÏúyÑ˛#Î˚ â˛!Ó˚e
üòy_´Ñ˛Óí
xòúy£zò £y Ïì˛Ó˚ ˆúÖyÓ˚ üòy_´Ñ˛Ó˚í
(Online Hand Writing Recognition—OHWR) :
≤ÃÌõ ≤Ãíyú# Ïì˛ äÈy˛ôy Ó£z ÏÎ˚Ó˚ ˆúÖy Óy
äÈ!ÓÈÙÙÙÈ¢Ó!Ñ˛ä%ÈÓ˚£z ¢yÇ!ÖƒÑ˛#Ñ˛Ó˚í Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚
˛ô!ÓÜíÑ˛–
ÚÚΈÏs˛f fl˛∫Î˚Ç!e´Î˚ ÓƒÓfl˛iyÎ˚ xò)!îì˛
!Ó°ÏÎ˚Ólfl˛Ó˚ õ)ú Ó_´Óƒ ˆÓyïÜõƒ £ ÏúÁ
¢yÓú#úì˛yÓ˚ ≤à ϟ¿ áy›˛!ì˛ Ìy ÏÑ˛– ö˛ Ïú
£y Ïì˛ÈÙÈÑ˛ú Ïõ xò%Óyî ~ÓÇ Îs f xò%Óy ÏîÓ
!õ◊ Ïí ~ ÏÜy ÏòyÓ ≤à ÏÎyãò Ó ÏÎ ÏäÈ– Î Ïs f
xò%ÓyˆÏîÓ˚ xyˆÏÜ Óy ˛ôˆÏÓ˚ ¢yˆÏÓ!Ñ˛
xò%Óyî ÏÑ˛Ó õyïƒ Ïõ ¢¡ôyîòy £ Ïú ì˛ ÏÓ£z
Ñ˛y!A«˛ì˛ õy Ïò ˆ˛ôÔ§ ÏäÈy Ïòy ÎyÎ˚–ÛÛ
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 31
12ÈÙÈ!›˛ ¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚ ¶˛y°ÏyÎ˚ ~£z ≤ÃÎ%!_´
≤à ÏÎ˚y ÏÜÓ˚ ¢Çfl˛iyò Ó˚ ÏÎ˚ ÏäÈ– ~¶˛y ÏÓ£z ˜ì˛!Ó˚
£Î˚ !v˛!ã›˛yú úy£z ÏÓ !Ó˚– ~Öy Ïò ì˛Ìƒ Á
≤ÃÎ%!_´ õs˛f ÏÑ˛Ó˚ xyÁì˛yï#ò DigitalLibrary of IndiaÈÙÈÓ˚ v z ÏÕ‘Ö Ñ˛Ó˚y
ˆÎ Ïì˛ ˛ôy ÏÓ˚–
ºyõƒõyò ≤à ÏÎ˚yÜÎ Ïs˛f !Ó Ïü°Ï Ñ˛úõ
(Stylus) ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ õyïƒ Ïõ ≤Ãî_ ì˛ Ï̃Ó˚
!Ó ÏŸ’°Ï Ïí !mì˛#Î˚ ≤Ãíyú#!›˛ (OHWR)Ñ˛yÎ≈Ñ˛Ó˚ ¶) !õÑ˛y !ò ÏÎ˚ Ìy ÏÑ˛– ºyõƒõyò
î)Ó˚¶˛y Ï°ÏÓ˚ õ Ïì˛y ≤à ÏÎ˚yÜÎ Ïs˛fÓ˚ ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚
Óyv˛¸yÓ˚ ¢ˆÏD ¢ˆÏD KeyboardÈÙÈ~Ó˚
ãyÎ˚ÜyÎ˚ ~ïÓ˚ˆÏòÓ˚ ≤ÃÎ%!_´Ó˚ ≤ÈÏÎ˚yÜ
xyÓ˚Á Óyv ¸ ÏÓ–
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201836
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Page 35
ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 37
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201838
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 39
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 41
ÓƒÓ£yÓ˚ Ñ˛ˆÏÓ˚ ~£z v˛:˛ôyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ õyÏõ
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201842
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Ñ˛ì,≈ ˛ô«˛ (Certifying Authorities Óy
CA)ÈÙÈ~Ó˚ õˆÏì˛y !ÓŸªhfl˛Ï Á !ò¶≈˛Ó˚ˆÏÎy܃
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≤Ã!e´Î˚yÓ˚ õyïƒ Ïõ–
3– £yv≈˛ÁÎ˚ƒyÓ˚ÈÙȈ›˛yˆÏÑ˛ò !ò‹±ˆÏÎ˚yÈÙÈ
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 43
∑ˆÎyãòy Ñ%˛ƒ£zã
1– Ñ, !°Ï Á Öyîƒ ÓƒÓ¢yÓ˚ ãòƒ ¶˛yÓ˚ Ïì˛Ó˚ ≤ÃÌõ xòúy£zò ≤Ã!ü«˛ ÏíÓ˚ ÓƒÓfl˛iy â˛yú% £ ÏÎ˚ ÏäÈ ˆÑ˛yò ü£Ó˚ ˆÌ ÏÑ˛⁄
2– Turtle Olly Sx!ú òyõÑ˛ Ñ˛FäÈ˛ôV ˆÑ˛yò xyhs˘˛ã≈y!ì˛Ñ˛ e´#v ¸y ≤Ã!ì˛ ÏÎy!Üì˛yÓ˚ õƒyflÒ›˛⁄
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5– 2022 ¢y Ïú Î%Ó x!ú!¡ôÑ˛ ˆÑ˛yò ˆî Ïü xy ÏÎ˚y!ãì˛ £ ÏÓ⁄
6– Üì˛ 26 x ÏQyÓÓ ‘Blue Revolution : Integrated Development and Management of Fisheries’ òyõÑ˛ ≤ÃÑ˛“!›˛ ~ ˆî ÏüÓ
ˆÑ˛yò Ó˚y Ïムâ˛yú% £ ÏÎ˚ ÏäÈ⁄
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9– ¶˛yÓ˚ì˛#Î˚ ÓyÎ% Ï¢òyÓ˚ 86ÈÙÈì˛õ Óy!°Ï≈Ñ˛# v z ôú Ï«˛ Üì˛ 8 x ÏQyÓÓ˚ Ú!v˛!ã›˛yú £z!u˛Î˚yÛñ ÚxyÎ%‹øyò ¶˛yÓ˚ì˛Û Á Ú!õüò £zwïò%°ÏÛÈÙÈ~Ó˚ ¢ ÏD
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10– xyhs˘˛ã≈y!ì˛Ñ˛ Ñ˛òƒy !îÓ¢ (International Day of the Girl) Ñ˛ ÏÓ ˛ôyúò Ñ˛Ó˚y £Î˚⁄
11– ¶˛yÓ˚ì˛ ˆ˛ô Ï› Δy!úÎ˚yõ Ñ˛ Ï ô≈y ÏÓ˚üyò !ú!õ Ï›˛v˛ Üì˛ 10 x ÏQyÓÓ˚ Á!v ¸üyÓ˚ ÓÜ≈y ˆãúyÎ˚ ~Ñ˛!›˛ £zÌyòú ˛ô!Ó˚ ÏüyïyòyÜy ÏÓ˚Ó˚ !üúyòƒy¢
Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚– ~£z ≤ÃÑ˛ Ï“Ó˚ ˜Ó!ü‹Tƒ Ñ˛#⁄
12– !Ó ÏŸªÓ˚ ≤ÃÌõ bio-electronic medicine S˜ãÓÈÙȘÓî%ƒ!ì˛ò Á°Ï%ïV Ñ˛yÓ˚y xy!Ó‹ÒyÓ˚ Ñ˛ ÏÓ˚ ÏäÈò⁄
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14– ~ ˆî ÏüÓ˚ ≤ÃÌõ Global Skills Park (GSP) ˆÑ˛yÌyÎ˚ Ü Ïv ¸ v z‡˛ ÏÓ⁄
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40ÈÙÈ!›˛Ó˚Á ˆÓ!ü ˆfl˛ôy›≈¢ÈÙÈ~ xÇü ˆòÏÓò 200ÈÙÈÓ˚ ˆÓ!ü ˆîÏüÓ˚ 15ÈÙÈ18 ÓäÈÓ˚ ÓÎ˚!¢ £yãyÓ˚ £yãyÓ˚ xƒyÌ!ú›˛– 6. ˆõáyúÎ˚ó Ó˚yãƒ
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201844
ò ϶˛¡∫Ó˚ 2018 ¢ÇÖƒyÓ˚ Ñ% ƒ£z ÏãÓ˚ ¢!‡˛Ñ˛ v z_Ó˚ ≠
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Ó y Ï¢ú Ï¢ó ~Óy ÏÓ˚Ó˚ !Ìõ “Global Partners for Global Challenges”; ~£z ü#°Ï≈ ¢ Ï¡øú Ïò xÇü ˆòÎ˚ £zv z ÏÓ˚y Ï ôÓ˚ 30ÈÙÈ!›˛ Á
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201846
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201848
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 49
ãyì˛#Î˚
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 201850
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 51
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ˆÎyçöy ≠ !í˛ Ï§¡∫Ó˚ 2018 53
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