Yield loss caused by bacterial streak in the wheat ( Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens )
Yield loss caused by bacterial streak in the wheat
( Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens )
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) - Black chaff
-: المرض أهمية لــ تصل خسائر يسبب الحاالت بعض والية% 40فى امريكا .idahoفى فى بنسبة للسنابل عقم يسبب بالرش% .10-5ايضا الرى عند فى تكمن المرض )- خطورة ) الحبوب: البذور فى الكامنة االمراض من
– ) الشعير حبوب تنتج التى النباتات جميع يصيب حيث واسع العوائلى مداه – ( درجات – – النباتات لهذه المصاحبة الحشائش بعض القمح الشوفان
هى له المناسبة ذات 30-15الحرارة دافئة و رطوبة بها التى المناطق درجةـــدرجات – فى فجائى تغير بها التى المناطق فى ينتشر كذلك باردة ليالى
الحرارة بها ينتشر الذى - :- الدول - - - - بيرو- البرازيل االرجنتين المكسيك كندا أمريكا
- - - - - - - - - ليبيا- تنزانيا تركيا اليمن اسرائيل سوريا الهند ايران باكستان الصين. - - استراليا- موروكو زامبيا مدغشقر
البرودة لشدة اوروبا وسط فى ينتشر ال
Symptoms
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) - Black chaff
( Disease cycle of Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens)
Condensed summary of the Zadoks two-digit code system for growth staging in wheat with corresponding Feekes scale
Zadoks code
Description CorrespondingFeekes code
Principalstage
Secondarystage
3 Stem elongation
1 First node detectable 6
2 Second node detectable 7
3 Third node detectable
7 Flag leaf just visible 8
9 Flag leaf collar just visible 9
4 Boot
1 Flag leaf sheath extending
3 Boot just beginning to swell
5 Boot swollen 10
7 Flag leaf sheath opening
9 First awns visible
5 Head emergence
1 First spikelet of head just visible 10.1
3 One-fourth of head emerged 10.2
5 One-half of head emerged 10.3
7 Three-fourths of head emerged 10.4
9 Head emergence complete 10.5
6 Flowering (not readily visible in barley)
1 Beginning of flowering 10.5.1
5 Half of florets have flowered 10.5.2
9 Flowering complete
7 Milk development in kernel
1 Kernel watery ripe 10.5.4
3 Early milk
5 Medium milk 11.1
7 Late milk
8 Dough development in kernel
3 Early dough
5 Soft dough 11.2
7 Hard dough, head losing green color
9 Approximate physiological maturity
9 Ripening
1 Kernel hard (difficult todivide with thumbnail) 11.3
2 Kernel cannot be dented bythumbnail, harvest ripe 11.4
TilleringSTAGE 1-5
Stem extensionSTAGE 6-10
HeadingSTAGE
10.1-10.5
Ripening
STAGE 11
مرحلة التسميد
بالمبيدات المعاملة فترةالفطرية
Head at approximately physiological maturity when the kernels have attained maximum dry weight. Note the green color is gone from the peduncle and head parts
Soft dough Hard doughKernel watery ripe
Milk Dough
Stage (10.5.4 – 11.2)
Relationship between the grain weight per spike and the severity of bacterial streak at GS10.5.4 caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens in the winter wheat cultivar Savannah inBaton Rouge, Louisiana, in 1993 and 1994.
Relationship between the number of kernels per spike and the severity of bacterial streak atGS 10.5.4 caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens in the winter wheat cultivar Savannahin Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in 1993 and 1994.
Relationship between the grain weight per spike and the severity of bacterial streak at GS 10.5.4 caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens in the winter wheat
cultivar Florida 304 in Alexandria and Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Data were analyzed with the GLM procedure of SAS(SAS Institute, Cary, NC) using the fixed model :
Yijk = µ+R(L) ij + Lj +Tk + TLkj + Eijk
Yijk is the response of treatment (T) k in replication (R)i within location (L)j ; µ is the overall mean: TLkj is the interaction between treatments and locations ; and Eijk is the residual.
Severity (%)of leaf rust on the flag leaf
10 25 40 65 100
Growth stage… ……………
…………% Yield loss… …………………
……………
Flowering 10 15 20 30 35
Milk 2 5 8 14 20
Soft dough 1 3 4 7 10
Hard dough 1 1 1 3 5
Approximate percent loss of yield caused by leaf rust at combinations of leaf rust severity and growth stage of wheat