Words that name : (a) Peopleeg. Friends, Conrad (b) Placeseg. Hall, canteen (c) Thingseg. Tables, cakes, fishes (d) Eventseg. Meeting, discussion (e)

Words that name:

(a) People eg. Friends, Conrad(b) Places eg. Hall, canteen(c) Things eg. Tables, cakes, fishes(d) Events eg. Meeting, discussion(e) Ideas eg. Experiences

They can also take:(a)(a)––tiontioneg. Celebrate + -tion = celebration

(Noun)(b) (b) -ity-ityeg. Electric + -ity = Electricity (Noun)(c) (c) --ingingeg. Read + -ing = Reading (Noun/verb)1. Reading is my hobby. (Reading = Noun)2. I was reading in the library (Reading = Verb)

Words that tells us:

1.Action verbs = Run, jump, play, grow2.Mental verbs = Imagine, feel, know3.Sensing verbs (5 senses) = Hear, feel, touch4.Saying Verbs = Shout, scream, promise, yell5.Linking verbs (they are like equal signs) =

is, become eg. She is pretty She = pretty

They can take:1.1. No suffix No suffix (base form): Run, Swim,

Teach2.2. -ing -ing (Continuous): Running, Swimming,

Teaching3.3. -ed -ed (past tense): Ran, Swam, Taught4.4. -s-s (singular/present tense): Runs,

Swims, Teaches5.5. -ed/en -ed/en (past participle): Had taken,

had eaten, had given

Words that describes NOUNSNOUNS Therefore they describe people, places,

things, ideas

Eg. ‘Spongebob’ is an interesting cartoon

Why?Why?Because ‘interesting’ describes ‘cartoon’ to ustelling us more about ‘cartoon’. If ‘cartoon’ is a noun, and ‘interesting’ tells us about it,‘interesting’ must have been an adjective,since an adjective describes a noun

AdjectiveAdjective NounNoun

One way to test if a word is an adjective:

The “very” test:1. Add ‘Very’ to the front of the word

Eg. A pretty girl A VERY pretty girl2. If the word can be put together with “very” It

is an ADJECTIVEADJECTIVE4. IF it cannot be put with ‘very’, it is a VERBVERB

Eg. She ran quickly She VERY ran quickly

Words that replace nouns They are like general terms used to refer to

nouns Eg. She, He, It, They, We, Them, Us They are used to help reduce repeats and

make GOOD sentences.

Sally loves to cook. SallySally cooks three times a week

Sally loves to cook. SHESHE cooks three times a week

After ‘to’, NO suffixes (–ing, -ed, -s etc.) can

be added to the following verbfollowing verb

Conrad loves to play to play basketball

Conrad loves to playing to playing basketball

Singular verbs are only used with singular subjectsEg. SallySally isis a pet lover

Plural verbs are only used with plural subjectsEg. TheyThey areare going to East Coast Park

Read carefully before answering grammar

questions!!

Before answering the questions, check if it is in the past or present tense

Eg. She _______ a movie yesterday when I called her.(a) Was watching(b) Is watching(c) Was watched(d) Has been watched

The answer is (a). ‘Yesterday’ tells us it is a PAST event, thus past Tense.

‘When’ gives me a clue that the verb I should choose has -ing because it describes a continuous action. Then I ask myself, Who is doing the ‘watching’ action (Subject)? ‘She’ is, thus the subject. So

theanswer cannot be C or D because they describe Objects. For

example,She ‘was watched by…’ This tells us that someone else is doing thewatching, not ‘she’.

Not all verbs take –ed when in their past tense form

They are called IRREGULAR VERBSIRREGULAR VERBSEg. Run Ran (Not Runned)Eg. Drink Drank (Not Drinked)Eg. Swim Swam (Not Swimmed)Eg. Sing Sang (Not Singed)Eg. Fly Flew (Not Flyed)

After can, could, shall, should, may, can, could, shall, should, may, might, will, would, mustmight, will, would, must

The following VERBVERB must NOTNOT take suffixes

This is the same rule as the ‘to’ rule

You should wash should wash the dishes after every mealYou should washing the dishes after every meal

Conrad will scorewill score well for his English examConrad will scored well for his English exam

The ‘BE’ Verb rules- ‘BE’ verbs = is, are, was, were, be,

been, being- After ‘BE’ verbs, the following VERBS

can take:

(a) –ed or –en(a) –ed or –eneg. Was takenen, were givenen, being eatenen

(b) –ing (b) –ing eg. are takinging, is goinging, were eatinging

Perfective ‘Have’ rules Perfective ‘Have’ = Have, has, had After Perfective ‘Have’, the following following

VERBSVERBS take –ed or –en suffixeg. Have eatenen, had grownn, has seen

eg. Spongbob’s pants has rippeded

-en suffix-en suffix

-ed suffix-ed suffix

Sometimes, a ‘BE’ verb can come after the perfective ‘Have’

Then, the verb AFTER the ‘BE’ verb can follow the ‘BE’ verb rules (-ing or –ed/-en)

HAVE HAVE BEEN SLEEPING BEEN SLEEPING(Perfective ‘have’) (‘BE’ verb) (Verb + -inging)

HASHAS BEEN BEEN ROBBED ROBBED (Perfective ‘have’) (‘BE’ verb) (Verb + -ed-ed)