What causes variation in a population? Why is variation important for the species to be able to adapt?

What causes variation in a population?What causes variation in a population?

Why is variation important for the species Why is variation important for the species to be able to adapt?to be able to adapt?

Classification / TaxonomyClassification / TaxonomyNotes – 2/17/2011Notes – 2/17/2011

TaxonomyTaxonomy

The science of naming/classifying living The science of naming/classifying living thingsthings

I. TaxonomistsI. Taxonomists

A. A. Aristotle (384-322 BC)Aristotle (384-322 BC)i. i. Grouped Grouped AnimalsAnimals based on habitat based on habitat

a. Aira. Airb. Landb. Landc. Waterc. Water

ii. Grouped ii. Grouped PlantsPlants based on structure based on structurea. Herbsa. Herbsb. Shrubsb. Shrubsc. Treesc. Trees

I. TaxonomistsI. TaxonomistsB. B. Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778 AD)Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778 AD)

i. i. Originated the modern system of taxonomy Originated the modern system of taxonomy based on structure based on structurea. Binomial Nomenclaturea. Binomial Nomenclature

1. two word Latin-naming system1. two word Latin-naming system2. Scientific Name2. Scientific Name

b. Writing a Scientific Nameb. Writing a Scientific Name1. 1. Genus speciesGenus species (underlined) (underlined)2. 2. Genus speciesGenus species (italicized) (italicized)

c. Examples (Humans)c. Examples (Humans)1. 1. Homo sapiensHomo sapiens2. 2. Homo sapiensHomo sapiens

II. LatinII. Latin

So why did Linnaeus use Latin?So why did Linnaeus use Latin?

A.A. UnchangingUnchanging

B.B. Root of many languagesRoot of many languages

C.C. Understood by scientists worldwideUnderstood by scientists worldwide

III. Levels of ClassificationIII. Levels of Classification

KingdomKingdom PhylumPhylum

ClassClassOrderOrder

FamilyFamilyGenusGenus

SpeciesSpecies

Do these levels go from general to specific, or Do these levels go from general to specific, or specific to general? specific to general?

IV. Modern Day TaxonomyIV. Modern Day Taxonomy

A.A. StructureStructure

i. Homology (similar structure)i. Homology (similar structure)

ii. Phylogeny (Evolutionary Relationship)ii. Phylogeny (Evolutionary Relationship)

B.B. Cell StructureCell Structure

i. Mitosis – cell divisioni. Mitosis – cell division

ii. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryoteii. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote


C.C. EmbryologyEmbryology

i. Similar developmental stagesi. Similar developmental stages

D.D. BiochemistryBiochemistry

i. Protein Similaritiesi. Protein Similarities

ii. DNA (genetics)ii. DNA (genetics)


E.E. Behavioral DifferencesBehavioral Differences

i. Ex. Different Species of Crickets have i. Ex. Different Species of Crickets have different chirpsdifferent chirps

F.F. FossilsFossils

V. The 6 KingdomsV. The 6 Kingdoms

1.1. ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria

2.2. EubacteriaEubacteria

3.3. ProtistaProtista

4.4. FungiFungi

5.5. PlantaePlantae

6.6. AnimaliaAnimalia

We will learn more about each Kingdom soon…We will learn more about each Kingdom soon…

VI. Examples of TaxonomyVI. Examples of Taxonomy

GROUP NAME

ORGANISM

HUMAN CHIMPANZEE HOUSE CAT LION HOUSEFLY

KINGDOM Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia

PHYLUM Chordate ? Chordate Chordate ?

CLASS ? Mammal Mammal Mammal Insect

ORDER Primates Primates Carnivora Carnivora Diptera

FAMILYHominida

e Pongidae Felidae ? Muscidae

GENUS Homo Pan Felis Felis Musca

SPECIES sapiens troglodytes domestica leo domestica


GROUP NAME

ORGANISM



PHYLUM Chordate Chordate Chordate Chordate Arthropoda

CLASS ? Mammal Mammal Mammal Insect


FAMILYHominida

e Pongidae Felidae ? Muscidae




GROUP NAME

ORGANISM



PHYLUM Chordate Chordate Chordate ChordateArthropod

a

CLASS Mammal Mammal Mammal Mammal Insect


FAMILYHominida

e Pongidae Felidae Felidae Muscidae



Scientific Name 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Answer the questions on your notesAnswer the questions on your notes

GROUP NAME

ORGANISM



PHYLUM Chordate Chordate Chordate ChordateArthropod

a

CLASS Mammal Mammal Mammal Mammal Insect


FAMILYHominida

e Pongidae Felidae Felidae Muscidae



Scientific Name

Homo sapiens

Pan troglodyte

sFelis

domestica Felis leo

Musca domestic

a

Even though its not snowing…Even though its not snowing…

Dichotomous Key Dichotomous Key Dichotomous Key = identification aid that uses sequential pairs Dichotomous Key = identification aid that uses sequential pairs

of descriptive statements (Whoooooo) How about of descriptive statements (Whoooooo) How about a way to a way to identify species using statements! identify species using statements!

Developed by taxonomists Developed by taxonomists Each statement has only TWO alternative responses Each statement has only TWO alternative responses For each pair of statements, the person identifying the For each pair of statements, the person identifying the

organism chooses the statement that describes the organism organism chooses the statement that describes the organism The chosen statement either identifies the organism or directs The chosen statement either identifies the organism or directs

you to another statement you to another statement By working through the statements in the key IN ORDER the By working through the statements in the key IN ORDER the

person can identify the organism person can identify the organism

What causes variation in a population? Why is variation important for the species to be able to adapt?

Documents

different species of

genus species underlined2

genus species italicizedc

modern day taxonomystructurei

modern day taxonomyembryologyi

examples humans1

modern system of taxonomy

scientific name1