PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION DISSERTATION PROPOSAL “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING COMMON PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AFTER MENOPAUSE, AMONG PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN RESIDING IN SELECTED RURAL AREAS AT TUMKUR WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN INFORMATION BOOKLET” SUBMITTED BY: - Mr. SAIJU M RAJAN I st YEAR M.Sc. NURSING, PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 1
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PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
DISSERTATION PROPOSAL
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING COMMON
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AFTER MENOPAUSE, AMONG
PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN RESIDING IN SELECTED RURAL
AREAS AT TUMKUR WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN
INFORMATION BOOKLET”
SUBMITTED BY: - Mr. SAIJU M RAJAN
Ist YEAR M.Sc. NURSING,
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
SRI RAMANAMAHARSHI COLLEGE
OF NURSING, TUMKUR
2012 - 2014.
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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES BANGALORE,
KARNATAKA
SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR
DISSERTATION
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE
AND ADDRESS.
MR. SAIJU M RAJAN
SRI RAMANA MAHARSHI COLLEGE OF
NURSING
TUMKUR.
2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTE SRI RAMANA MAHARSHI COLLEGE OF
NURSING, TUMKUR
3 COURSE OF STUDY AND
SUBJECT
1st YEAR M.Sc NURSING
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
4 DATE OF ADMISSION TO
COURSE
30.06.2012
5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC
“ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING COMMON PSYCHOLOGICAL
PROBLEMS AFTER MENOPAUSE, AMONG
PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN RESIDING IN
SELECTED RURAL AREAS AT TUMKUR”
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6. BRIEF RESUME OF INTENDED WORK
INTRODUCTION
“Pre menopausal women stand at a cross road, facing the possibility of living the remainder of their lives.”
Science is the search for truth. Psychiatry refers to a field of medicine focused
specifically on the mind, aiming to study, prevent, and treat mental disorders in humans.
Menopause literally means the "end of monthly cycles" (the end of monthly periods aka
menstruation), from the Greek word pausis (cessation) and the root men- (month).
Menopause is an event that typically (but not always) occurs in women in midlife, during
their late 40s or early 50s, and it signals the end of the fertile phase of a woman's life.
However rather than being defined by the state of the uterus and the absence of menstrual
flow, menopause is more accurately defined as the permanent cessation of the primary
functions of the ovaries the ripening and release of ova and the release of hormones that
cause both the creation of the uterine lining, and the subsequent shedding of the uterine
lining (a.k.a. the menses or the period).This transition from a potentially reproductive to a
non-reproductive state is the result of a reduction in female hormonal production by the
ovaries. The functional disorders often significantly speed up the menopausal process and
create more significant health problems, both physical and emotional, for the affected
woman.
Menopause is a major turning point in the life of a woman directly related to
her womanhood. Beginning of menopause marks the end of youth in a woman. It is the
stage after which a woman is incapable of bearing a child. Menopause is caused when the
production of estrogen hormone in the body is significantly decreased. Menopause is a
stage of life not a disease. The exact age of menopause differs from woman. In normal
women, menopause occurs somewhere between 45 to 50 years of age. In specific cases if
there are surgical operations in the body like removal of uterus, it may occur earlier.
Delay of menopause after 52 years is an indication of certain irregularities in the body.
The ideal age of menopause is 50, Menopause occurs in three major stages. The whole
process of menopause can take 15 years or longer, depending on your age and family
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history. The first stage of menopause is known as perimenopause. The second stage of
menopause occurs when your period no longer arrives. This stage is simply called
menopause and usually occurs around age 50 or 51 and The final stage of menopause is
called postmenopause.1
Menopause causes many changes in a women’s life, both physically and
psychologically. Physical complaints in order of frequency are as follows: hot flashes,
night sweats or chills, disrupted sleep, vaginal dryness, loss of libido, loss of energy,
mood swings, increased irritability, loss of skin tone, and urinary leakage. Psychological
complaints include, loss of confidence, depressed mood, irritability, forgetfulness,
difficulty in concentrating, panic attacks and anxiety.2
The common Psychological problems that affects women’s after menopause are
irritability, and the menopausal transition represent risk factors for positive findings in a
screening for minor psychiatric disorders.22
Another study on elder population with an objective to examine “gender
differences in the associations between affection- and status-related stressors encountered
in the first half of life and physical and mental health problems later on”. Based on the
theory of Social Production Functions (SPF) two hypotheses have been formulated,
which were tested in a representative sample of 446 men and 514 women (aged 40-79).
Main outcome measures were number of chronic somatic diseases and level of
psychological distress. As expected, regression analyses showed no gender differences in
the associations between affection-related stressors and physical and mental health 13
problems later on. In contrast, but as also expected, status-related stressors encountered in
the first half of life were associated with later physical and mental health for men only. It
is concluded that the gender differences in the associations between earlier social
stressors and later health problems may be more complex than the common assumption
that men are only affected by status stress and women only by affection stress.23
A study on middle aged women in taiwanese with an objective to investigate the
role of menopausal transition and menopausal symptoms in relation to quality of life in a
cohort of middle-aged women. For the study researcher selected a total of 734
premenopausal women participated in the baseline study, and 579 women (78.9%)
completed a follow-up 2 years later. Quality of life was assessed by the medical
outcomes study short form-36. Participating women were asked for demographic data,
about vasomotor symptoms, and to complete the medical outcomes study short form-36
and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. In multivariate analysis, only vasomotor
symptoms had an adverse influence on role limitation of emotion after adjusting for age,
education, menopausal status, baseline cognitive score, and Hospital Anxiety and
Depression Scale score. Hence the researcher concluded that no significant effect of
menopausal transition on quality of life among Taiwanese women.24
A study on patients at south Africa and the result were published according
that report, Psychological co-morbidity is high in patients with obesity and is associated
with a variety of medical and dietary problems as well as demographic, social and
cognitive risk factors. Young overweight and obese women are at particular risk for
developing sustained depressive mood, which is an important gateway symptom for
major depressive disorder. Increased knowledge of behavioral risk factors has enabled
patients with obesity to be classified on a psychological basis and this needs to be
considered as part of a patient's clinical assessment and treatment strategy. Increased
awareness of abnormal eating behaviour, together with profiling of personality traits,
could improve treatment selection for obese women and improve the outcome of weight-
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loss programmes. Individualized anti-obesity drug therapy/interventions may be required
depending on the patient's psychological characteristics25
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING COMMON
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AFTER MENOPAUSE, AMONG
PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN RESIDING IN SELECTED RURAL AREAS AT
TUMKUR WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN INFORMATION BOOKLET”
6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
To assess the level of knowledge regarding the risk of common psychological
problems after menopause among pre menopausal women.
To determine the association between knowledge scores of samples with the
selected demographic variables.
To develop and distribute the information booklet on common psychological
problems after menopause.
6.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:
H1: There will be significant association between the knowledge score of Pre menopausal mothers with the selected demographic variables.
6.5 VARIABLES: Variables are an attribute of a person or objects that varies, that takes different values.
Research variable in this study the knowledge of Pre menopausal mothers regarding common psychological problems after menopause.
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Extraneous variables in this study are age, educational qualification, religion, occupation, family income, source of health information.
6.6 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS :
Assessment: In this study assessment refers to an organized systemic process of collecting information about knowledge of premenopausal mothers regarding risk of common psychological problems after menopause.
Knowledge : In this study knowledge refers to the cognitive ability to interpret the information regarding the risk of common psychological problems after menopause.
Psychological problems : In these study psychological problems refers to the
problems occurring in the mind of postmenopausal women such as depression,
anxiety, irritation, insomnia, lack of concentration and is measured by Greene
climacteric scale.
Pre menopausal mothers: in the present study the premenopausal mothers refers to the women aged between 40 to 50 years of age and reached the menopause.
Information booklet : It is the information source prepared by the researcher on risk of common psychological problems after menopause and it will be distributed to the premenopausal mothers in order to create awareness among them.
6.7 ASSUMPTIONS:
The premenopausal mothers in selected rural areas may not have adequate knowledge regarding common psychological problems after menopause.
The premenopausal mothers will get an opportunity to gain knowledge regarding common psychological problems after menopause.
The premenopausal mothers utilize the information booklet in a positive way to safeguard themselves from potential complications.
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The response given by the samples to the questionnaire will represent their true measures of knowledge regarding common psychological problems after menopause among them.
The knowledge of premenopausal mothers may be influenced by demographic factors like education, age etc.
6.8 DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:
- The study will be limited to only 100 premenopausal mothers.- The study is delimited to pre menopausal mothers who are residing in selected
rural areas of Tumkur.- The knowledge score will be measured by structured interview schedule
6.9 PILOT STUDY:
The pilot study will be conducted among 10 samples. The purpose of pilot study is to find out the feasibility of conducting study and design on plan of statistical analysis. This also will help to assess the practicability of carrying out the main study. The findings of the pilot study samples will not be included in main study.
7. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
7.1 SOURCE OF DATA: The data will be collected from premenopausal mothers residing in selected rural area at Tumkur.
7.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION: The study will be initiated only after obtaining permission from concerned authorities. The data collection procedure will be carried out for a period of three months. At first a good rapport will be established with the samples and the purpose of the study will be explained to them, so as to get the co-operation from them. For procedure of data collection, a questionnaire interview schedule will be used for collection of data.PART I: questionnaire related to demographic data.
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PART II: Consist of questionnaire assessing knowledge regarding risk of common psychological disorders after menopause.
7.2 (1) RESEARCH APPROACH: A descriptive research approach will be used.
7.2 (2) RESEARCH DESIGN: Non experimental descriptive survey research design is used for this study.
7.2 (3) RESEARCH SETTINGS: The study will be conducted in selected rural areas at Tumkur.
7.2 (4) POPULLATION: Population of the study will be premenopausal mothers.
TARGET POPULATION: Premenopausal mothers residing in selected rural areas.
ACCESSIBLE POPULATION: pre menopausal mothers of rural area who will be available during study.
7.2 (5) SAMPLE SIZE: The total study sample consists of 100 premenopausal mothers residing in selected rural areas at Tumkur.
7.2 (6) SAMPLE TECHNIQUES: Purposive sampling technique will be used for the current study.
7.2 (7) SAMPLING CRITERIA:
INCLUSIVE CRITERIA: Premenopausal mothers residing in selected rural area. Premenopausal mothers who are available during the study. Premenopausal mothers who are aged between 40years to 50 years.
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EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA: Premenopausal mothers who suffering with illness. Those who are not willing to participate in the study. Premenopausal mothers who cannot understand either kannada nor English.
7.2 (8) DATA COLLECTION METHODS: Demographic Proforma. Structured interview schedule to assess knowledge.
7.2 (9) DATA ANALYSIS METHODS: The data collected will be organized tabulated and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The data will be planned to present in the form of tables and figures.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: Mean, mean percentage, standard deviation and average will be used for assessing the level of knowledge.
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS: chi-square test will be used to find out the association between demographic variables with knowledge scores.
TIME AND DURATION OF THE STUDY: The time and duration of the study will be limited to three months or as per the guidelines of university.
7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENT OR OTHER HUMAN OR ANIMAL? IF SO PLEASE, DESCRIBE BRIEFLY. Since the study is descriptive interventions are not required.
7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARENCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR INSTITUTION? Yes, the pilot study and the main study will be conducted after the approval from the research committee. Permission will be obtained from the concerned head of the institution. The purpose and details of the study will be explained to the study subjects and an informed consent will be obtained from them. Assurance will be given to the
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study subjects regarding the confidentiality and anonymity of the data collected from them.
LIST OF REFERENCE:
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44-49
3.Arakane M, Castillo C, Rosero MF, Peñafiel R, Pérez-López FR, Chedraui P.
Factors relating to insomnia during the menopausal transition as evaluated by the
Insomnia Severity Index.". Maturitas(2011). 69 (2): pp. 157–161.
4. Senguptha A. The Emergence Of Menopause In India.Climacteric.2003;6(2):92-5.
5. Cohen, B.E. Kanaya A.M. Macer. Feasibility and Acceptability of Restorative Yoga
for Treatment of Hot Flushes. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008 Sep;24(9):2711-7.
6. Sonia Puri. Vikas Bhatia. Chetna Mangat. Perceptions Of Menopause And
Postmenopausal Bleeding In Women Of Chandigarh India. The Internet Journal of
Family Practice. 2007 May 12;97(18):1837-47
7. Mario Amorea. Pietro Di Donatob. Alessandro Papalinic. Psychological status at the
menopausal transition: an Italian epidemiological study. 2004 aug 48(2):115-124