freyclass.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Web viewDescribe the state of Europe in the High Middle Ages (the early 13th century, before the Black Death of the 14th Century)

Name________________________________________________________ Class Period________

European History Final Exam Study Guide

MODERN GEOGRAPHY

1. What is the silly sentence for Mainland Western Europe?

Label those countries numbers 1-10 in order on the map on the back of this page

2. What is the silly sentence for Scandinavia and the Islands?


3. What is the silly sentence for Eastern Europe?


4. Label Greece as number 27.

5. Now write the name of the country for each number that you labeled on the map.Mainland Western Europe

Scandinavia and the Islands

Eastern Europe Lone Country

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2. _______________

3. _______________

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27. ___________

LATER MIDDLE AGES

1. Describe the state of Europe in the High Middle Ages (the early 13th century, before the Black Death of the 14th Century)

2. Where did the Black Death originate?

3. How was the Black Death spread?

4. Describe the social and economic reactions to the Black Death.

5. Who fought in the Hundred Years War and what caused the war?

6. Describe Joan of Arc and why she is remembered in European History

7. Describe the issue between Pope Boniface VIII and Philip the Fair of France.

8. What was the Unam Sanctam about and what was Philip’s reaction to it?

9. Describe the papacy at Avignon and how people felt about its residence there.

10. What caused the Western Schism?

11. Describe the overall results of the Western Schism with regard to reactions to the Church and development of other popular religious trends.

12. During this period literature began to be produced in the vernacular. Why is this cultural achievement significant?

13. Describe the Chaucer’s purpose behind writing “The Pardoner’s Tale.”

14. How did art change during the fourteenth century in reaction to the Black Death?

RENAISSANCE

15. What does Renaissance mean?

16. What did Jacob Burckhardt believe the Renaissance marked?

17. Describe the Medici. How did they come to power. What were their accomplishments? What was the extent of their power?

18. What class of society (elite, mass, etc) was responsible for the majority changes in the Renaissance?

19. Who invented the printing press and why was its creation significant?

20. Describe Machiavelli’s ideas in The Prince

21. Describe Erasmus’s ideas in Education of a Christian Prince

22. Which countries fought for control of Italy in the Italian Wars?

23. Describe Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella

24. Who was the War or Roses between? What was the result of this war?

25. What did the Habsburg dynasty use (military, alliances, etc) to gain power? Describe the extent of the Habsburg power.

26. What was a result of the Byzantine Empire falling to the Turks in 1453?

27. Describe the Renaissance papacy

28. What are the 3 Renaissance characteristics that we discussed in class?

29.Title:

Artist:

Renaissance Characteristics Illustrated:

30.Title:

Artist:


31.Title:

Artist:


32.Title:

Artist:


REFORMATION

33. What did the Calvinists believe?

34. What most impacted Luther and motivated him the write his Ninety Five Theses?

.35. What was the Pope’s reaction to Martin Luther’s Ninety Five Theses?

36. What caused Charles V’s initial lack of reaction?

37. What was the purpose of the Counter-Reformation?

38. What did the Council of Trent reaffirm?

39. What was the Roman Inquisition?

40. What triggered the English Reformation?

41. England’s break with the Roman Catholic Church resulted in the formation of what church? Who was its head?

42. Describe England under Edward VI.

43. Describe the reign of Mary I.

44. Describe Elizabeth’s religious policy and her personal religious beliefs.

45. Describe Elizabeth’s foreign policy.

46. Describe Phillip II’ policy on religion and assumed duty of the people of Spain

47. Which country defeated the Spanish Armada?

EXPLORATION48. What were the three motives for European exploration?

49. What were the big picture effects of exploration?

50. Why is Prince Henry the Navigator remembered?

51. What country was Herán Cortes from and why is he remembered?

52. Why is John Cabot worth remembering?

53. What areas did Columbus discover on his first journey and who funded his voyage?

54. Why is Ferdinand Magellan remembered?

55. What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?

56. What European disease caused a significant decline in the Native American population?

57. Which continents did the triangular trade connect?

58. Regarding the triangular trade, what types of goods (raw or manufactured) did the Europeans get from the New World?

59. Describe the Middle Passage

60. Describe the impact of the slave trade on warfare in Africa

61. What product was produced largely in the West Indies (Caribbean) by slave labor?

62. Describe the Columbian Exchange in regard to:A) Goods brought to the Americas-

B) Goods brought to Africa-

C) Goods introduced to Europe-

63. Which countries dominated world trade after Portugal’s decline?

64. Describe the Dutch Republic’s interactions with the Cape of Good Hope (Southern tip of Africa) regarding business and population settlement.

65. Why were merchants expelled from Japan?

66. How was European lifestyle impacted by Exploration?

67. How were political interactions between European countries impacted by exploration?

68. How were joint-stock companies beneficial to European exploration?

69. Describe the ideas behind mercantilism regarding the following concepts:A) Balance of Trade-

B) Colonies-

C) Trade Barriers-

STATE BUILDING IN THE 17 TH CENTURY (AGE OF ABSOLUTISM) 70. What does Absolutism or unlimited rule mean?

71. Which countries did absolute ruler occur in and who were the leaders?

72. Which country did limited ruler occur in and who were the leaders?

73. Describe the rule of Louis XIV

74. What was Versailles?

75. Describe the rule of Frederick the Great of Prussia

76. Describe the rule of Peter the Great of Russia

77. Describe the rule of Charles I

78. Why was the “Glorious Revolution” in 1688 in significant?

79. What was significant about the English Bill of Rights?

80. Describe Thomas Hobbes view of the state of nature and his opinion on government

81. Describe John Locke view of government with regard to the social contract

82. How was Baroque music and art different from previous periods?

83. Describe the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. Who sculpted it? How does it depict baroque characteristics?

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION84. Define the Scientific Revolution

85. Describe the geocentric theory of the universe.

86. Describe the heliocentric theory and name who is responsible for it.

87. What did Galileo invent and what did he discover with it?

88. What was the purpose of Galileo’s Dialogue on the Two World Systems?

89. What actions did the Catholic Church pursue concerning Galileo and his ideas?

90. What accomplishment is Isaac Newton best known for?

91. The greatest achievements in science during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries came in what areas ? (examples: dentistry, astronomy, botany, astronomy)

THE ENLIGHTENMENT 92. Describe the growing criticism toward religion in the Enlightenment

93. Define the philosophes. What was their goal?

94. Where was the capital of the Enlightenment?

95. What was Voltaire best known for?

96. What was Diderot’s greatest accomplishment and what was its impact?

97. What government did Montesquieu admire and why? What type of governmental system did he advocate?

98. Describe Rousseau’s theory of the General Will in the Social Contract

99. What was the purpose of Enlightenment Salons?

100. Describe Adam Smith

FRENCH REVOLUTION101. How did the American Revolution impact Europeans?

102. Describe French society before the Revolution

103. What was the most immediate cause of the Revolution?

104. What caused the economic crisis?

105. Name the two groups that made up the third estate and describe them

106. What was the effect of the disagreements over voting in the Estates-General?

107. Describe the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen and identify what it was modeled after

108. What type of government was established in France by 1791 when the Declaration of the Rights of the Man and Citizen was signed?

109. In 1792, what new government did the National Convention created after a foreign threat and Louis’ attempted escape from France?

110. Describe the Reign of Terror.

111. Describe the positive and negative aspects of Napoleon’s leadership.

FREE RESPONSEOne theme of first semester European History is the decline of the influence of the church in society. If applicable (this may not apply to every period), explain how the Church declined in the periods listed below. Later Middle Ages

Renaissance

Reformation

Exploration

Age of Absolutism

Scientific Revolution

Enlightenment

French Revolution

A second theme of first semester European History is the decline of the power of the absolute monarch. If applicable (this may not apply to every period), explain how this change in government occurred in the periods listed below

Later Middle Ages

Renaissance

Reformation

Exploration

Age of Absolutism

Scientific Revolution

Enlightenment

French Revolution

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