hillworldhistory.weebly.comhillworldhistory.weebly.com/.../9/6989018/chapter_14_se…  · Web viewChapter 14 Section 2: TOTAL WAR. New Type of War: Total War - Extremely violent

Chapter 14 Section 2: TOTAL WARNew Type of War: Total War

- Extremely violent and lengthy battles- Complete Mobilization and Devotion of Society to War Effort- Globalized War

-Involved people and nations from Africa, N. America, Europe, Asia, Australia. Creation of the Western Front

- Germany invades Belgiumo Belgians resisted, slowing German advanceo Great Britain Declares War on Germanyo Reach 20 Miles outside of Paris

British Mobilized Extremely Fast and helped Save France Counter Attack at 1st Battle of the Marne saves Paris

o STALEMATE Both sides immediately dug in to hold position Trench Warfare ensued

https://mapshop.com/classroom/HISTORY/World-History/w77_WWI_WesternFront.gifTrench Warfare

- 400 unbroken miles on Western Front- 4 Year Defensive Struggle

o Barbed Wire, Mines, Machine Guns, Poison Gas, Tanks, Artillery, and Flame Throwers

o Rats, Mud, Corpses, Water, Disease (Gangrene)

http://www.bbc.co.uk/staticarchive/f62d62e6498929279611e8e0b221a8c92a6eb7b8.gif

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/HODLbgrowQOGt866J827x1uHkjYPRWKVebP4xkkiCS1N5MYQmtO11ovGZufIDZtk2WDTLwwAajCfVN8JJuNum0kNerpxTWLOtryhNg7kgmg3WX46fW_RtQNRC2KgrbL5ig

- Loss of Life Maximal, Territorial Gains Minimalo Ex: Battle of the Somme 1916

British Offensive Bombarded German Defense for 7 Days “Over the Top” race across no man’s land

German Defense Hid in underground bunkers

Result 20,000/40,000 Brits Died/Wounded in First Day 620,000 French and British Died 600,000 Germans Died

British Victory: Gained 7 Miles

The War Widens Globally- Eastern Front

-More Mobile, still heavy losses-Germany Advanced 300 Miles into Russia-Germany exploited Slavic People and Land

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/worldwar1vocabulary-120107161642-phpapp01/95/world-war-1-vocabulary-3-728.jpg

- War Globalizes-Italy joins the Allied Powers (France, GB, and Russia)-Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria join Central Powers (Germany and Austria)

-U.S. Involvement- Neutral: “Europe’s Problem”- Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

-British and Germany Blockade Each Other-German U-Boats damage Sussex (Carrying U.S. Passengers)-German U-Boats sunk British Ship Lusitania (carrying 139 Americans)-Americans Angered-Sussex Pledge: Germans halt submarine warfare

- Zimmerman Telegram-Germans return to unrestricted submarine warfare-Starve British before Americans effectively enter-Zimmerman Telegram

-From German Foreign Minister-Asking Mexico to fight against U.S.-U.S. declares war on Germany

The Home Front of TOTAL WAR-TOTAL GOVERNMENT

-Command Economies-Governments Controlled prices, production, consumption

-Authoritarian-Suspended many rights-Conscriptions: Drafted Millions of Men

-Manipulating Public Opinion-Censorship and Mass Propaganda-KEEP PATRIOTISM AND MORALE HIGH

-NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN-Worked in Factories and other male dominated jobs

-Temporary: Lost jobs when men returned-650,000 unemployed women in G.B. alone

-Women became more independent-More Independent Lifestyles-Earned right to vote in many nations immediately after WWI