Water IV Taylor Panfil, Brianna Ackerman. Increasing Levels in the Body Water Intoxication/Hyponatremia Extremes sodium loss through prolonged sweating.

Water IVTaylor Panfil, Brianna Ackerman

Increasing Levels in the Body

Water Intoxication/Hyponatremia Extremes sodium loss through prolonged sweating

coupled with dilution of existing extracellular sodium To maintain homeostasis excess water outside the cell

draws sodium from the cell into the ECF As water accumulates, ECF sodium level concentration

drops resulting in Hyponatremia As sodium leaves the cell only water is left in the ICF, too

much water inside the cell causes tissues to swell with excess fluid

Occurs when sodium serum levels are less then 135 mEq/L severe Hyponatremia occurs when sodium serum levels are less than 125 mEq/L

Hyponatremia…

Three Different types Hypovolemic Hyponatremia- A decrease in TBW resulting

in a greater decrease in total body sodium. Euvolemic Hyponatremia- Normal sodium levels and and

increase in TBW Hypervolemic Hyponatremia- An increase in total body

sodium resulting in a greater increase in TBW.

Hyponatremia and Athletes

More likely to affect athletes Excessive sweating results in water and electrolyte

loss Suffer Hyponatremia from drinking too much water

without replacing lost electrolytes. Excessive sweating/exercising also negatively

effects athletes’ urine production from reduced renal blood flow which impedes the body’s ability to excrete excess water

Hyponatremia…

Common in Infants. If given tap water instead of formula or non-

electrolyte balanced solutions such as Pedialyte or if formula is too diluted with water

Other Causes Water Pills, Kidney problems, Congestive Heart

Failure, Cirrhosis of the Liver, Low Sodium/High Water Diets

Symptoms Headache, Confusion, Seizures, Muscle Cramps or

Spasms, Weakness, Nausea and Vomiting

Decreasing Levels of Water in the Body

Dehydration Lose too much water than is taken in Results in impairment to carry out normal body

functions Impairment of body function results at levels of 2-3%

loss of TBW. The greater amount of water loss the more severe

the symptoms

Dehydration…

No one is exempt

Most common in younger children due to their small bodies and high water and electrolyte turnover

Also common in the elderly due to their decreased ability to conserve water and less accurate sense of thirst

Endurance Athletes

People suffering from chronic illness Uncontrolled Diabetes, Kidney Disease, Alcoholism

Dehydration…

Causes Intense Diarrhea, Vomiting, Sweating, not drinking

enough water during hot conditions or exercise, increased urination from certain medications or alcohol, reduced eating and drinking from sickness

Symptoms Dry mouth, Drowsiness, Thirst, Decreased Urine

output, Dry skin, Headache, Low blood pressure, Dizziness.

Peak Functional/Dysfunctional Levels

~40-70% of body is Water

Levels depend on age, Activity level/lifestyle, Climate, Body composition and Gender

The average male should consume about 3 Liters of water/day to maintain optimal water balance levels

Women should consume about 2.2 Liters of water per/day

References

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/242166-overview#a0156

http://www.medicinenet.com/hyponatremia/article.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hyponatremia/DS00974/DSECTION=causes

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/dehydration/DS00561/DSECTION=causes