1 FISHERIES IN INDIA India ranks third in the total fish production of the world. The major contributors to Indian fish production are marine capture fisheries (2.99 million tonnes) and freshwater aquaculture (2.93 million tonnes) and they constitute about 86% of the total fish production in India which is over 6.8 million tonnes with a turnover of Rs. 300 billion. Though Indian fisheries sector started on subsistence level, it is slowly growing out to be an industry, both in marine and inland fisheries. Compared to the present total fisheries production, the potential production in 2012, including marginal increase in mariculture, inland capture fisheries and cold water fisheries is proje cted at Rs. 9.95 million tonnes, which is over 40% gap to be bridged. Fisheries are an important sector in India--it provides employment to millions of people and contributes to food security of the country. With a coastline of over 8,000 km, an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of over 2 million sq. km., and with extensive freshwater resources, fisheries play a vital role. Presently, fisheries and aquaculture contribute 1.07 per cent to the national GDP, and 5.30 per cent to agriculture and allied activities, while the average annual value of output during the Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007) was Rs31,682.50crores. India has played an important role in global fisheries as the third largest producer of fish in the world and the second largest producer from aquaculture. With a contribution of 2.9 million tonnes from marine and 4.2 million tonnes from the Inland sector, fisheries continue to make a significant contribution to nutritional security. The contribution of the fisheries sector, at an annual growth rate of 4.5%, is estimated at 1.07% to the GDP. The sector is a major foreign exchange earner, with revenue reaching Rs.7,620crores in 2007-08; this accounts for about 14% of agricultural exports. Apart from a long coastline India has a vast area covered by estuaries, backwaters, lagoons, etc. We also have huge inland fisheries resources with enormous scope for increasing fish production through freshwater aquaculture. The Government is developing a road map for enhancing food fish production to 10 million metric tonnes by 2012. In addition to meeting the domestic demand, we intend to enhance our export earning potential in terms of value added products and ornamental fish trade. The country has 429 Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDAs) and 39 Brackishwater Fish Farms Development Agencies (BFDAs) for promoting freshwater and coastal aquaculture. The annual carp seed production is to the tune of 20 billion and that of shrimp about 8 billion, with increasing diversification in the recent past. Along with food fish culture, ornamental fish culture and high value fish farming are gaining importance in the recent past. With over 2.4 lakh fishing crafts operating in the coast,
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India ranks third in the total fish production of the world. The major contributors to Indian fish
production are marine capture fisheries (2.99 million tonnes) and freshwater aquaculture (2.93 million
tonnes) and they constitute about 86% of the total fish production in India which is over 6.8 million
tonnes with a turnover of Rs. 300 billion. Though Indian fisheries sector started on subsistence level, it is
slowly growing out to be an industry, both in marine and inland fisheries. Compared to the present total
fisheries production, the potential production in 2012, including marginal increase in mariculture, inland
capture fisheries and cold water fisheries is projected at Rs. 9.95 million tonnes, which is over 40% gap to
be bridged.
Fisheries are an important sector in India--it provides employment to millions of people and
contributes to food security of the country. With a coastline of over 8,000 km, an Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ) of over 2 million sq. km., and with extensive freshwater resources, fisheries play a vital role.
Presently, fisheries and aquaculture contribute 1.07 per cent to the national GDP, and 5.30 per cent to
agriculture and allied activities, while the average annual value of output during the Tenth Five Year Plan
(2002-2007) was Rs31,682.50crores.
India has played an important role in global fisheries as the third largest producer of fish in the world
and the second largest producer from aquaculture. With a contribution of 2.9 million tonnes from marine
and 4.2 million tonnes from the Inland sector, fisheries continue to make a significant contribution to
nutritional security. The contribution of the fisheries sector, at an annual growth rate of 4.5%, is estimated
at 1.07% to the GDP. The sector is a major foreign exchange earner, with revenue reaching
Rs.7,620crores in 2007-08; this accounts for about 14% of agricultural exports. Apart from a long
coastline India has a vast area covered by estuaries, backwaters, lagoons, etc. We also have huge inland
fisheries resources with enormous scope for increasing fish production through freshwater aquaculture.
The Government is developing a road map for enhancing food fish production to 10 million metric tonnes by 2012. In addition to meeting the domestic demand, we intend to enhance our export earning potential
in terms of value added products and ornamental fish trade.
The country has 429 Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDAs) and 39 Brackishwater Fish
Farms Development Agencies (BFDAs) for promoting freshwater and coastal aquaculture. The annual
carp seed production is to the tune of 20 billion and that of shrimp about 8 billion, with increasing
diversification in the recent past. Along with food fish culture, ornamental fish culture and high value fish
farming are gaining importance in the recent past. With over 2.4 lakh fishing crafts operating in the coast,
six major fishing harbours, 40 minor fishing harbours and 151 landing centres are functioning to cater to
the needs of over 3.5 million fisherfolk.
FISH PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Fish production in India is set to cross 13 million tonnes (MT) mark by 2016 from the current level ofover nine million tonnes, according to a study brought out by the top industry body Assocham. "With
appropriate incentives, coupled with robust investments in infrastructure, fish production in India can
grow at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 7 per cent during the next four-five years
from the current level of over 3.5 per cent CAGR," according to the study titled `Fisheries A Prize Catch
in Indian Export Basket'. The study was released here today by the Associated Chambers of Commerce
and Industry of India (Assocham). "India is the second largest source of aquaculture production in the
world after China. Inland fisheries, reservoirs and freshwater aquaculture are the pillars of growth.Besides floodplain lakes and wetlands, irrigation canals, saline and waterlogged areas too contribute
towards output," Assocham Secretary General D S Rawat told reporters. India's share in fisheries
production globally is about 5 per cent and marine inland fishery exports account for just 2 per cent of the
global trade in the sector, it said. Considering an erratic and lower marine catch in India, the industry
body has asked the Government to incentivise aquaculture and inland fisheries to achieve steady to higher
growth rate and offset the lower growth in marine fisheries.
Indian fisheries and aquaculture is an important sector of food production, providing nutritional
security to the food basket, contributing to the agricultural exports and engaging about fourteen million
people in different activities. With diverse resources ranging from deep seas to lakes in the mountains and
more than 10% of the global biodiversity in terms of fish and shellfish species, the country has shown
continuous and sustained increments in fish production since independence. Constituting about 4.4% of
the global fish production, the sector contributes to 1.1% of the GDP and 4.7% of the agricultural GDP.
The total fish production of 6.57 million metric tonnes presently has nearly 55% contribution from the
inland sector and nearly the same from culture fisheries. Paradigm shifts in terms of increasing
contributions from inland sector and further from aquaculture are significations over the years. With high
growth rates, the different facets of marine fisheries, coastal aquaculture, inland fisheries, freshwater
aquaculture, coldwater fisheries to food, health, economy, exports, employment and tourism of the