-
Министерство образования Республики Беларусь
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ«ГРОДНЕНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
ИМЕНИ ЯНКИ КУПАЛЫ»
О.Б.ЯКУБЦЕВИЧ, О.П.САЗАНОВИЧ, Р.Н.САВВОВА
ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ. НАРЕЧИЕ.
THE ADJECTIVE. THE ADVERB.
Пособие по практической грамматикеанглийского языка
для студентов специальностей: 1-03 04 02-01 – Социальная
педагогика. Английский язык;1-01 02 02-05 – Начальное образование.
Английский язык
ГродноГрГУ им. Я.Купалы
2008
-
УДК 811.111(075.8)ББК 81.432.1 Я49
Рецензенты :Новик Н.А., зав. кафедрой профессонально
ориентированнойанглийской речи, кандидат филологических наук,
доцент (БГЭУ);
Власюк Н.И., зав. кафедрой немецкого языка,кандидат
филологических наук, доцент.
Рекомендовано Cоветом филологического факультетаГрГУ им.
Я.Купалы.
Якубцевич, О.Б.
Прилагательное. Наречие = The Adjective. The Adverb : пособиепо
практ. грамматике англ. яз. / О.Б.Якубцевич,
О.П.Сазанович,Р.Н.Саввова. – Гродно : ГрГУ, 2009. – 104 с.
ISBN 978-985-515-124-2
Пособие содержит теоретический справочник и практический
материал,иллюстрирующий наиболее типичные случаи употребления
английского при-лагательного и наречия. Для систематизации сложных
грамматических струк-тур представлены упражнения разного типа:
аналитические, подстановочные,трансформационные, упражнения на
подбор соответствий, на перевод с рус-ского на английский, тестовые
задания. Представлен аутентичный материал ком-муникативного
характера, обеспечивающий правильное употребление прила-гательных и
наречий в речи. Адресуется студентам специальностей: «Соци-альная
педагогика. Английский язык», «Начальное образование.
Английскийязык» для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы .
УДК 811.111(075.8)ББК 81.432.1
© Якубцевич О.Б., Сазанович О.П.,Саввова Р.Н., 2009
© Учреждение образования«Гродненский государственный
университет
имени Янки Купалы», 2009ISBN 978-985-515-124-2
Я49
-
3
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Пособие «The Adjective. The Adverb» по практической грам-матике
английского языка предназначено для студентов 1, 2
курсовпедагогического факультета специальностей «Социальная
педаго-гика. Английский язык», «Начальное образование. Английский
язык»и представляет собой комплекс грамматических упражнений,
на-правленных на изучение и закрепление основных случаев
употреб-ления прилагательных и наречий в английском языке.
В соответствии с содержанием пособие разделено на 2 части:I.
Прилагательное (The Adjective),II. Наречие (The Adverb).Обе части
состоят из идентичных по структуре разделов (10
разделов в первой части и 5 – во второй). Каждый раздел
содер-жит вводную часть – теоретический справочник с комментариямии
примерами, и практическую часть, представляющую собой сис-тему
упражнений, которые делятся на первичные (Practice Activities)и
вторичные (Extended Practice). Упражнения первого типа выпол-няются
преимущественно в аудитории, в то время как упражнениявторого типа
предназначены в основном для внеаудиторной, само-стоятельной работы
студентов. В пособии представлены упражне-ния различных видов:
аналитические, подстановочные, трансфор-мационные, упражнения на
подбор соответствий, перевод с русско-го на английский, тестовые
задания. Целью упражнений являетсяформирование, совершенствование
навыков употребления грамма-тических конструкций, а также
предупреждение возникновения ти-пичных ошибок в устной и письменной
речи. При работе в аудито-рии задания могут выполняться как
индивидуально, так и в груп-пах. Данное пособие основывается на
идеях коммуникативной ме-тодики, позволяя студентам использовать
изучаемые грамматичес-кие явления в контексте.
Пособие представляет собой выборку упражнений из извест-ных
английских грамматик, указанных в списке использованнойлитературы,
которые представляют собой аутентичные работы за-рубежных авторов.
Авторы стремились сделать упражнения раз-нообразными по содержанию,
учитывая при этом лексический за-пас обучаемых.
-
4
THE ADJECTIVE
FOR STUDY
Adjectives describe nouns. They have the same form in the
singularand plural. They go before nouns (e.g. a small house) but
after the verbsbe, look, smell, sound, feel, taste, seem, appear,
become, get, stay,etc. (e.g. She is beautiful. They seem
unhappy.)
There are opinion adjectives and fact adjectives.
Opinionadjectives such as boring, exciting, etc. show what a person
thinks ofsomebody or something. Fact adjectives such as tall, thin,
new, etc.give us factual information about age, size, colour,
origin, material, etc.
We can also use nouns as adjectives before other nouns. In
thiscase the nouns have no plural form. e.g. morning paper –
morningpapers, coffee table – coffee tables.
PRACTICE ACTIVITIES
1. Underline all the adjectives in this description.
The possibility of pleasant recreation is offered by Vltava and
theSlapy Dam or the romantic region of the Savaza suitable mainly
fortourism. Slapy can be reached from the capital by the «Savaza
Pacific»,which is a historic local train at present. The Dam
spreading in the distanceof 30 – 50 km south of Prague was built in
the 50s. It flooded the narrow,tight valley of the central Vltava
region. Sandy beaches gave rise to anumber of camping sites and
hotels, the most popular being in NovaRabyne.
This comfortable hotel with its pleasant gardens is ideal for
people,yet it is only a short distance from the highly popular
attractions of thearea. You can eat your meals at the hotel, where
the food tastesmarvelous. Or you can, of course, try some of the
excellent localrestaurants.
2. Change these sentences so that the adjectives come after
be.
E.g.: The man is old. He is an old man.1. This is a big
company.2. These aren't busy streets.3. This is an old ticket.
-
5
4. Nina isn't a hard-working girl.5. They aren't modern tall
buildings.6. This isn't a lovely day.7. These are beautiful
pictures.8. That is an old white car.9. He isn't a poor man.10.
They are young people.11. These are interesting English
anecdotes.12. Janet is a responsible girl.13. Those are overcrowded
buses.14. Mr Black is a very experienced specialist.15. It isn't an
expensive hotel.
WORD-FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES
FOR STUDY
Many common adjectives (pretty, sad etc.) do not have
particularendings. There are some common endings, however, for
adjectives formedfrom nouns and verbs. These are:
And note that many present participles and past participles can
beused as adjectives: an exciting trip, a falling tree, a crying
child, acompleted manuscript, a torn shirt, running water. Many
compoundadjectives are formed with participles. Well + past
participle is particularlycommon: a well-built house, well-cooked
meat, handmade tools, afast-selling product, home-grown
vegetables.
There are also compound adjectives which are formed with:a)
present participles e.g. a never-ending journey, a
time-wastingactivity b) past participles e.g. a broken-down washing
machine,frozen vegetables c) cardinal numbers + nouns e.g. a
three-hourdelay (NOT: a-three hours delay), d) well, badly, ill,
poorly + past
-able comfortable -ent dependent -ical historical -like
businesslikе -al accidental -esque picturesque -ious victorious -ly
friendly -ant reluctant -ful careful -ish childish -ory compulsory
-ar popular -ian Italian -ist racist -ous dangerous -ary imaginary
-ible horrible -ive attractive -some wholesome -ate passionate -ic
historic -less careless -y lucky
-
6
participle e.g. well-behaved children, badly-made furniture,
apoorly-paid worker, an ill-chosen remark.
PRACTICE ACTIVITIES
3. Complete the table below. The examples show that in somecases
you can form only a -ful or only a -less adjective.
4. Using the suffixes -ish, -ly, -y, -like, -ful or -less,
makeadjectives from the words in column A which have the
meaninggiven in column B.
Examples -ful -less
Colour- Youth- Hair-
Colourful Youthful
–
Colourless –
Hairless 1. Use- 2. Wonder- 3. Hope- 4. Shame- 5. Thought- 6.
Beauti- 7. Help- 8. Forget- 9. Sense- 10. Success- 11. Reck- 12.
Aw- 13. Harm- 14. Ruth- 15. Truth- 16. Play- 17. Price- 18.
Fright-
A Word B Meaning Adjective
1 2 3 1. Red 2. Day 3. Silver 4. Worth
More or less red Happening every day Looking or shining like
silver Of little or no value
-
7
Продолжение таблицы
5. Copy the table into your notebook and put the
followingadjectives into the correct column.
patient, relevant, attractive, literate, flexible, regular,
agreeable,mature, convenient, tasteful, moral, legal, responsible,
significant, possible,legible, honest, rational, explicable,
justified, mortal, reversible, destructible,perfect, friendly,
soluble, polite, logical, interesting, separable, replaceable
6. a) Make adjectives from these verbs using the suffix
-able.
1. Predict2. Believe3. Change4. Deny5. Despise6. Recognize
b) Form the negative of the adjectives by adding the prefixun-
or in- (Numbers 3, 5 and 7) do not have a negative form.
Thenegative of 9 is more usually non-transferable or not
transferable.
Examples: replaceable – irreplaceablerepeatable –
unrepeatable
1 2 3 5. Business 6. Grease 7. Home 8. Breath 9. Power 10.
Plenty 11. Elder 12. Life 13. Peace 14. Old 15. Care 16. Winter 17.
Nose 18. Hand
Serious and professional Or covered in grease Cosy; welcoming
Out of breath Very strong Which there is a lot of Rather old (a
politer word than old) Looking as if it were real Quiet; without
disturbance or noise More or less (getting old) Who does not take
care Cold; not warm or friendly Wanting to know what is not your
business Useful; easy to reach or obtain
dis- un- il- im- in- ir-
7. Regret8. Rely9. Transfer10. Value11. Vary12. Work
13. Obtain14. Cure15. Advise16. Translate17. Forget18.
Describe
-
8
c) Add the suffix -able or -ible to the following items:
1. adapt-2. contempt-3. respect-4. vi-5. terr-6. irrit-
d) Form the negative of numbers 10 to 18 by adding the prefixun-
or in- (remember that in- changes to il-, im- or ir- in some
cases).
7. a) Form adjectives ending in -ive from the following
verbs:
1. destroy2. exceed3. extend4. respond5. deceive6. impel
b) Use adjectives 10 – 18 in these sentences:
1. He can talk you into doing what he wants you to do. He is
avery______talker.
2. All the men try to talk to her: she is a very ______woman.3.
He is ready to listen to what other people have to say. He
is______to new ideas.4. 'One man, one vote' is the basis
of______government.5. Many songs have the same words sung over and
over. I find
them rather______.6. He forgets nothing. He has a
very______memory.7. The conservative group want to keep things as
they are, and
the______group want to change everything.8. She wrote eight
novels in five years. It was her
most______period.9. 'The______society' describes a society which
is very tolerant of
people's private behaviour and morals.
7. debat-8. feas-9. memor-10. avoid-11. hospit-12. elig-
13. respons-14. fall-15. cap-16. prob-17. desir-18. flex-
7. explode8. possess9. repel10. progress11. produce12.
persuade
13. attract14. receive15. represent16. permit17. repeat18.
retain
-
9
c) Use adjectives 1 – 9 in these sentences:
1. The students were all eager to answer his questions. He
foundthem most______.
2. She often does things on the spur of the moment, without
thinkingof the сonsequences. She is a rather______girl.
3. He is much nicer than he looks. His appearance is______.4.
The ugly green-eyed monster in the film was really_______.5. War
might break out between the two countries at any moment.
It is a highly______situation.6. The bill came to Ј150.00 for
two people. We thought this was
______.7. Criticism which is______discourages people.8. They
will have to make______alterations in order to increase
the size and the capacity of the factory.9. A______mother is one
who treats her children more like her
personal property than as human beings.
8. Here are 12 adjectives in -ate. Can you match nine of themto
the definitions given below?
1. describes someone who cannot read or write2. friendly, loving
and eager to show it3. enough, but no more than enough4. opposite
of public5. not accidental, done on purpose.6. describes a mild
climate without extremes7. done carefully, with great attention to
detail8. suitable, fitting the situation9. of a person, not strong;
of a thing, easily broken
9. Add -ary or -ory to these stems, and then match theresulting
adjectives to the definitions.
Stems:compuls-imagin-satisfact-
adequate, affectionate, appropriate, corporate, deliberate,
delicate, elaborate, illiterate, obstinate, private, proportionate,
temperate
contempor-introduct-station-
element-necess-tempor-
-
10
Definitions:1. not moving standing still2. not permanent for the
present3. simple opposite of advanced4. living/happening at the
same time as something or someone else5. not real which does not
actually exist6. good enough which comes up to the required
standard7. describes something which you must do not optional8.
describes, for example, the first sentences in a book or speech9.
describes something which you cannot do without
10. Which ending?
a) Add -ent or -ant to these stems to form adjectives.
1. Magnific-2. Indec-3. Import-4. Heist-5. Suffice-6. Dec-
b) Add -ic or -ical to these stems to form adjectives.
1. realist-2. antibiot-3. techn-4. publ-5. alphabet-6. atom-
c) Add -ous, -ious, -eous or -uous to these stems.
1. ambit-2. danger-3. ambig-4. obv-5. miscellan-6. ridicul-
7. Pregn-8. Afflu-9. Indign-10. Sil-11. Viol-12. Curr-
13. Immigr-14. Toler-15. Perman-16. Consist-17. Rec-18.
Migr-
7. biolog-8. med-9. fantast-10. scientif-11. romant-12.
clin-
13. pract-14. mathemat-15. specif-16. automat-17. crit-18.
rad-
7. var-8. stren-9. outrag-10. jeal-11. court-12. superstit-
13. virt-14. enorm-15. spontan-16. ard-17. simultan-18.
tremend-
-
11
11. Make compound adjectives to describe the following:
1. A walk that takes ten minutes.... A ten-minute walk ....2. A
story which is written well.3. A building which has twelve
storeys.4. A train which moves fast.5. A student who works hard.6.
An office which has good lighting.7. A holiday which lasts two
weeks.8. A report which has ten pages.
12. A field which is fifty acres in extent is a fifty-acre
field.Make similar compound adjectives from the following:
1. a programme which lasts half an houra. ... programme
2. a drive which takes five hoursa ... drive
3. a lorry which can carry 15 tonsa ... lorry
4. a flight which lasts 31/2 hoursa ... flight
5. a ruler which measures up to twelve inchesa ... ruler
6. an engine with a capacity of 31/2 litresa ... engine
7. a child which is five years olda ... child
8. a man whose height is six feeta ... man
9. a walk which covers eight milesa ... walk
10. a tank with a capacity of 16 gallonsa ... tank
11. a 300 mm telephoto lensa ... telephoto lens
12. a**** hotela ... hotel
-
12
13. Complete the table.
1. Saudi Arabia2. Denmark3. Poland4. England5. Spain6.
Holland
EXTENDED PRACTICE
14. Complete the following sentences with an adjectiveformed
from one of the verbs or nouns in the box, plus a suffix.
act, care, change, comfort, describe, dread, enjoy, forget,
grace,motion, power, rely, submit, tire, truth
1. We had a lovely weekend it was thoroughly_____.2. He never
remembers my birthday I don't know why he's_______.3. The problem
is that there's nothing we can do about it we're
completely______.4. She never seems to run out of energy she's
completely______.5. She's a very______writer she gives you a very
good feel for the
places and characters in her stories.6. Don't worry. If he's
said he'll be there, then I'm sure he will. He's
very______.7. His problem is that he always does exactly what
people tell him
to do: he's just so______.8. You're so_____: you're always
dropping things.9. I love to watch good ballet dancers: they're
so______.10. The cat stayed______ as it waited to pounce on the
bird.11. It's a very______ climate the weather can be completely
different
from one day to the next.12. It's important to keep_______ after
you retire.
He is from... He is a(n)... He speaks... Hungary Hungarian
Hungarian
7. Turkey8. Portugal9. Japan10. Norway11. USSR12.
Czechoslovakia
13. China14. Finland15. Israel16. Greece17. Thailand
-
13
13. The seats in first class were really_______. I could easily
havefallen asleep in them.
14. The situation out there is_______. More and more people
aredying every day.
15. Make compound adjectives to describe the following:
1. an announcement which has been awaited for a long time2. a
book which is written badly3. a city that has no pollution4. a
course that lasts three years5. a woman who works hard6. a bus
journey that takes two hours7. a room that has good ventilation8. a
hotel with five stars9. the office-block which costs two million
pounds10. the woman who is seventy years old11. the conference
which lasts two days12. the farm which is eighty hectares13. the
journey which takes three days14. the bag which weighs five
kilos15. the engine which is three litres16. the fence which is
twenty miles17. the tunnel which is fifty kilometers
16. Rewrite these sentences, using a compound adjectivewhich
includes a participle.
1. The town in which I grew up made cars. – I grew up in ...2.
We hired a design team based in Singapore. – We hired ...3. Her
performance at the Olympic Games broke a number of
records. – It was a ...4. The public square was lined with
trees. – The public square ...5. Tom's a builder who works for
himself. – Tom's a ...6. The new Aircap is a device that saves a
lot of effort and time. –
The new Aircap is ...7. The dispute had been going on for a long
time. – It was a ...8. The consequences of the proposals will have
a great influence
on many people. – The consequences of the proposals are ...
-
14
17. Refer to the words in brackets and put in the
rightadjectives.
EAGER DRIVER
It's (legal) to drive under the age of seventeen in Britain,
buta______(boy of seventeen years old) managed to pass his driving
teston the day of his seventeenth birthday. Most people would
considerthis______(possible) because you need a lot of lessons to
pass the test.David Livesey arranged to have______(a lesson of
eight hours)beginning at dawn on his birthday. At first he was very
______(care)and______(hesitate), but he had a______(wonder) teacher
and hisdriving improved amazingly during the day. By four in the
afternoon, stillfeeling______(energy), he was ready to take his
test and he passedfirst time! He was almost in a state of shock
after the test, and he drovehome very slowly in the______(red)
light of the______(set) sun. David'sdriving attracted the attention
of two policemen, but they broke into smilesand congratulated him
warmly when he showed them his certificate andtold them his
story.
WORD ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
FOR STUDY
When there are two or more adjectives in a sentence, they
usuallygo in the following order:
Nouns can be used as adjectives if they go before another
noun.They have no plural form in this case: a garden gate, a
morning class, atwo-week holiday.
Note that the order of adjectives in front of a noun may vary
and beas follows:
a) origin + past participle: a French handmade kitchen
cupboard;b) past participle + origin: a handmade French kitchen
cupboard.
Opinion Adjectives
Fact Adjectives
size age shape colour origin material Used for/be about
noun It’s a
fantastic small new round red Swiss plastic alarm clock
-
15
Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.) go before cardinal
numbers(one, two, three, etc.) e.g. the first two weeks (NOT: the
two firstweeks)
The adjectives afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed,
asleep,awake, content, glad, ill, pleased, etc. are not followed by
nouns.e.g. The man was alive. Karen is ill today.
The adjectives chief, elder, eldest, former, indoor, inner,
main,only, outdoor, outer, principal, upper are always followed by
nouns.e.g. This is my elder son.
We do not usually use a long list of adjectives before a single
noun.A noun is usually described by one, two or three adjectives at
the most.e.g. a beautiful blue evening dress
PRACTICE ACTIVITIES
18. Put the adjectives in the correct order.
1. a(n) adventure /exciting / action-packed / booka(n) exciting
action-packed adventure book.2. a(n) Italian / sweet / fresh fruit
/ dessert3. a delicious / cheese / fresh / sandwich4. a(n)
Australian / thin / rugby / tall / player5. a(n) fanatical / old /
Liverpool / supporter6. a(n) old-fashioned / lovely / marble /
Frernch / fireplace7. a(n) pair of /grey / old / woollen / football
/socks8. a talented / jag / black / musician9. a colourful / cinema
/ huge / poster10. a(n) old / well-designed / flower / English /
garden
19. Put the following into the correct order.
1. English / lovely / several / old / tables2. pretty / French /
young / a lot of / girls3. dining-room / Regency / few / valuable /
last / these / chairs4. first / really important / Impressionist /
his / three / paintings5. dark blue / best / silk / my / all /
shirts6. young / many / German / factory / workers7. marble-topped
/ old-fashioned / these / oval / all / wash stands8. wildlife /
Mike's / all / black and white / latest / photographs
-
16
9. cotton / a few / plain / hand-woven / carefully-chosen /
dresses10. non-stick / brand-new / a number of / French-made /
frying
pans11. really important / the first / national /
government-sponsored /
survey12. one-month / last / his / exhausting / European /
tour
20. Put the adjectives in the right order.
1. dressA) silk, B) white, C) long, D) expensive2. wallA) brick,
B) red, C) high3. shoesA) smart, B) those, C) brown, D)
snake-skin4. houseA) old, B) brick, C) ugly, D) urban5. motorbikeA)
Japanese, B) green, C) fantastic6. spoonA) plastic, B) nice, C)
little, D) blue7. coinA) gold, B) round, C) tiny, D) Russian8.
armchairA) new, B) wooden, C) black, D) huge9. songA) sentimental,
B) Irish, C) old
21. You're looking for items you want to buy. Begin eachsentence
with I'm looking for...
1. clock – radio – white – Taiwanese – cheap – for my bedside
table2. sports – well-maintained – car – second-hand – with a
low
mileage3. polished – beautiful – antique – dining-table –
mahogany – English4. canvas – American – a pair of – trainers –
grey and red – which
I can use for jogging5. cottage – stone-built – small – old –
country6. cotton – dress – summer – pink and white – for my
holiday
-
17
EXTENDED PRACTICE
22. Put the adjectives in the correct order.
Dear Aunt Margaret,I'm just writing to thank you for the money
you sent me last month.
It was very generous of you. I've spent it on some lovely things
for mynew house. For the living room I bought a lovely pair of 1)
... blue velvet ...(velvet/blue) curtains and for the bedroom I got
a(n) 2) ... (round/large/antique) mirror. While I was rapping I
found some 3) ... (silver/ beautiful/tall) candlesticks, which I
have put in the dining room. I also bought some4) ...
(soft/cotton/thick) towels for the bathroom and a 5) ...
(green/square/woollen) rug for the guest room. Finally, I went to
an auctionwhere I bought a 6) ... (oak/fabulous/English) table for
the kitchen.
Thank you once again for the gift.I hope you'll visit me
soon.
Love, Susie
23. Put the adjectives in the correct order.
Dear Susie,It's a shame you couldn't make it to the wedding, but
thank you for the
1) ... lovely crystal dessert ... (dessert/crystal/lovely)
glasses which yousent us. The wedding was unforgettable and
everyone looked beautiful,especially the bridesmaids in their 2)
... (silk/long/cream) dresses. At thereception we had a 3) ...
(three-course/home-made / delicious) meal and thebest man gave a(n)
4) ... (amusing/nice/short) speech. In the evening, moreguests
arrived and the hotel provided 5) ... (Irish/live/excellent) music.
Beforewe left, we cut the 6) ... (wedding/white/iced) cake. Hope to
see you soon.
Love,Amanda & Tim
ADJECTIVES CHANGING IN MEANING
FOR STUDY
Adjectives that can change in meaning before a noun or after be-
before a noun: John is an old friend of mine. (= I've known him
for a long time)- after be: My friend, John, is very old. (= old
in years)
-
18
Some other common adjectives that can change in meaningaccording
to their position are: early, faint, fine, heavy, ill, late,
sick.Note that sick can go before a noun or after be, but ill (like
well) comesafter be. Sick means 'ill' and also means 'upset in the
stomach'.
Adjectives before and after nouns with a change of
meaningAdjectives go before nouns in English but there are a few
adjectives
which go before or after nouns and they change in meaning
according totheir position:
This elect body meets once a year. (= specially chosen)The
president elect takes over in May. (= who has been elected)
PRACTICE ACTIVITIES
24. Which words or phrases in B will replace words orphrases in
A?
А В1. Her wedding dress is made of beautiful silk. a) fine2. The
weather is good today. b) a sick3. Something's upset me. I think
I'm going to throw up. c) fine4. John is extremely unwell. d) very
ill5. I was born at the beginning of the 1960s. e) in the early6.
Martha is not a healthy woman. f) be sick
25. Which words or phrases in В best explain the words orphrases
in A?
A1. The concerned doctor phoned for an ambulance.2. The doctor
concerned is on holiday at the moment.3. It was a very involved
question.4. The person involved has left the company.5. Present
employees number 3 000.6. The employees present should vote on
this.7. It was a. proper question.8. The question proper has not
been answered.9. Janet is a responsible girl.10. The girl
responsible has been expelled.
-
19
Ba) correctb) worriedc) who was blamedd) complicatede) with a
sense of dutyf) now employedg) here nowh) connected with thisi)
itselfj) connected with this
26. A few adjectives usually only come before a noun, and afew
normally only follow a verb. Decide about these adjectives,and use
them to complete the definitions grammatically.
afraid, alone, ashamed, content, elder, glad, inner, lone,
main,maximum, occasional, only, outdoor, ready
1. A traveller who has nobody with them is______.2. When people
are by themselves, they are______.3. If a person is embarrassed at
having behaved badly, s/he is______.4. A child that feels
frightened is______.5. An event that does not happen very often
is______.6. Strength that comes from within a person's character
is______.7. A party held in the open air is______.8. If a child has
no brothers or sisters s/he is______.9. A person who is really
pleased about something is______.10. If you have several worries
about something, but one that worries
you more than all the rest, that is______.11. If a person is
adequately satisfied, s/he is______.12. If the top speed allowed is
70 mph, then that is______.13. If lunch is all prepared and cooked,
it is______.14. If your brother is older than you, he is______.
27. Rewrite the following, using these adjectives to replacethe
words in italics. Make any other changes necessary. You willneed
some of the words more than once.
absent, certain, concerned, conscious, elect, involved,
late,present, proper
-
20
MODEL: Our newly elected chairman takes over immediately ...Our
chairman elect takes over immediately ...
1. Our newly elected chairman takes over immediately, becauseour
former chairman resigned suddenly last September for
healthreasons.
2. Most of the people who were there at the meeting
aredelighted, but some people (that I'm not going to name), who
werenot at the meeting, have telephoned to say that they should
have hadpostal votes.
3. They say the only correct thing to do now is to hold
anotherelection, which is ridiculous.
4. One of our difficulties is we do not always have the
up-to-dateaddresses of all our members.
5. The secretary is aware of the problem.6. We once wrote to a
member saying his subscription was
overdue, and we had a letter from a very distressed lady saying
herhusband, who had died recently, had always paid on time.
7. We are now making a deliberate effort to bring our records
upto date.
8. The secretary has spoken to all the people who have
anythingto do with the matter and is confident that we will get it
right.
9. But it could be a long and complicated business.
EXTENDED PRACTICE
28. Suggest corrections to these sentences if necessary.
1. Backley has a back injury and Peters faces an alike
problem.2. Everyone I know is afraid of Harry's dogs.3. The ill man
was put in a ward full of critically injured children.4. No two
people are alike.5. No one really believes there are alive
creatures on Mars.6. I think Paul's fairly happy at work, and seems
a content man.7. When he was alive, he was poor and unknown.8.
Within a few minutes she was asleep.9. The police forced their way
through the afraid crowd.10. The asleep children lay peacefully in
their beds.
-
21
29. Put in the missing adjectives. Alternatives are
sometimespossible.
alive, asleep, beautiful, big, complete, fast, fresh, lovely,
pleased,polished, poor, quick-drying, shiny, tall, young
NOT A FAST LIFE!Three and a half years ago Mr Bell received
a______present
from his______grandson. The boy had had a______holiday by
theseaside and had brought his grandfather a present. It was a
______sea-snail which had been stuck on top of an oyster and
another shell. MrBell was very______with his gift and put it on a
shelf. While he wasdusting one morning, he accidentally knocked
the______snail off theoyster. He went to find some______glue. When
he came back, hecouldn't believe his eyes. The snail had moved
along the shelf. Itwas______! ‘It must have been______all these
years and the shockwoke it up,’ Mr Bell said. He put the snail in a
paper bag to show hisfriends. At first they thought the story
was______nonsense, until theysaw the snail. The______creature was
so hungry, it had eaten a holein the bag. Mr Bell gave it
a______meal of______cabbage leaveswhich it really enjoyed. ‘It's
not such a______story,’ a scientistexplained. ‘These creatures
live&&&&&&&
ADJECTIVES DIFFERENT IN MEANING
FOR STUDY
Names of materials and substances (e.g. leather, gold) are
likeadjectives when we use them to form compound nouns: a gold
watch is awatch made of gold. These words behave like adjectives in
this one way,but they remain nouns because they do not have
comparative or superlativeforms and we cannot put very in front of
them. Two important exceptionsare wood and wool, which have
adjectival forms: a wooden table is atable made of wood; a woollen
dress is a dress made of wool. There areadjectival forms for words
like gold: glass / glassy, gold / golden, leather /leathery, silver
/ silvery, silk / silky / silken, steel / steely, stone / stony.We
use them to mean 'like': a golden sunset (i.e. a sunset like
gold).
The following adjectives have a difference in meaning:He gave
her a gold ring. (= ring made of gold)
-
22
They walked on the golden sand. (= sand the colour of gold)She
bought a silk blouse. (= blouse made of silk)This new shampoo
promises to give you silky hair. (= hair which
feels like silk)They walked up the stone path. (= path made of
stone)The man had a stony look on his face. (= cold look – like
stone)
PRACTICE ACTIVITIES
30. Rewrite the following, using compounds or adjectival
forms.
1. a shirt made of cotton2. silence like stone3. a raincoat made
of plastic4. a shirt made of cotton / worn in the summer5. hair
like silk6. a table-top made of glass7. a rake made of wire8. a
voice like silver9. a wall made of stone10. a clock used in the
kitchen11. eyes like glass12. a wallet made of leather13. a spoon
made of stainless steel14. a clock made of plastic / used in the
kitchen15. a shirt made of silk16. nerves like steel17. a pullover
made of wool18. a blouse made of cotton19. a teapot made of
silver20. a tile made of ceramic21. a nailbrush made of nylon22. a
note for fifty pounds23. a tongue like leather24. a spoon made of
wood
31. Underline the correct item.
A. When Laura got married she had a 1) silk/silky dress made
byone of the best designers and the 2) gold / golden rings she and
her
-
23
fiance had bought were extremely expensive. The church had
beautifully-carved 3) wood/wooden statues, and they had the 4)
stone/stony floorscovered in expensive red 5) wool/woollen carpets.
On the big day shehad her 6) silk/silky blond hair styled and she
wore a long 7) gold/golden cape over her dress. She rode to the
church in a fantastic old 8)metal/metallic blue limousine. When she
entered the church, her mothergave her a 9) stone/stony look. Laura
looked down and saw that shewasn't carrying her flowers, but a
large white 10) feather/feathery duster.
B. While Lizzie was tidying the attic of her grandmother's
house, shecame across an old 1) wooden/wood chest. When she looked
inside, shefound a doll wrapped in 2) silk/silky paper. The doll
had 3) gold/goldenhair and was wearing a long 4) woollen/wool coat.
She was beautiful andLizzie had never seen her before. She sat down
on the cold 5) stony/stonefloor to examine the doll more carefully.
She was wearing a real 6) gold/golden necklace and, underneath the
coat, a 7) silky/silk dress. The dollhad belonged to her
grandmother when she was young. Lizzie carefullywrapped her up
again and placed her gently back in the box.
EXTENDED PRACTICE
32. Say how they differ in meaning.
1. oldi) She is an old friend of ours.ii) He is an old man.2.
hardi) He is a hard worker.ii) Do you think this is a hard
exercise?3. newi) Have you met the new neighbours?ii) I like your
new dress.4. heavyi) He is a heavy smoker.ii) What a heavy
parcel!5. bk3jwcertaini) I am certain that this book used to belong
to me.ii) There is a certain Mr Smith whom I would like you to
meet.6. presenti) The present Foreign Secretary is better than the
last one.ii) Is everybody present?
-
24
7. concernedi) Why do you have such a concerned expression on
your face?ii) I wish to speak to the people concerned.8. properi)
This is not the proper time to talk about money.ii) I mean the town
proper, excluding the suburbs.9. involvedi) I do not want to hear a
long involved explanation.ii) The police took statements from
everyone involved in the accident.
33. Underline the correct item.
1. true/truthfula.This play is based on a ... story.b. I believe
her: I think she is a ... person.2. childish/childlikea. You cannot
have everything you want: don't be so ...b. She has a ... quality,
a sort of innocence, which I like.3. young/youthfula. Our teacher
is full of ... enthusiasm for her subject.b. Enjoy yourself while
you are still ...4. uneatable/inediblea. This meat is so tough that
I find it ...b. Some of the varieties of fungus are poisonous.They
are ...5. unreadable/illegiblea. The inscription was ..., but I
recognized it as Latin.b. War and Peace may be a good novel, but I
find it ...6. historic/historicalа. 'Ladies and gentlemen, this is
a ... moment: the first manned
landing on another planet!'b. The library contains a copy of
Magna Carta and other ...
documents.7. economic/economicala. The country is experiencing a
time of great ... difficulty.b. This soap is very ...: you only
need to use a little of it at a time.8. electric/electricala. I see
you have an ... cooker; I prefer gas.b. The battery gave off a
sudden ... discharge.9. sensible/sensitivea. John will be all right
on his own; he is a very ... boy.b. Don't criticize her too
harshly: she is very ...
-
25
THE + ADJECTIVE
FOR STUDY
Certain adjectives are used with ‘the’ as nouns to talk about
groupsof people in general.
These are:Age: the elderly, the middle aged, the old, the young
etc.Physical/Health: the blind, the dead, the deaf, the disabled,
the
living, the sick etc.Social/Economic: the homeless, the hungry,
the poor, the rich, the
strong, the unemployed, the weak etc.Old people usually walk
slowly. The old usually walk slowly. (=
old people in general)but: The old people in the building are
annoyed with the
landlord. The old means a group of old people in general. The
oldpeople means a specific group of old people.
When we talk about one person we say An/The old man, A/Theblind
man etc. The rich man pays a lot of income tax. The rich pay alot
of income tax. (rich people in general – all of them) The rich
peopleof our town have a banquet every Christmas. (a specific group
of richpeople – not all of them)
PRACTICE ACTIVITIES
34. Rewrite the sentences using 'the + adjective' instead ofthe
underlined phrase.
1. The government should do more for people who do not
havemoney.
2. There is a special TV program for people who can't hear.3.
The local authorities are organizing a charity concert for
people
who are disabled.4. This kind of sport is for those people who
are physically strong.5. There are not enough hospital beds to
accommodate all people
who were injured during the earthquake.
35. The Young or the Young People? Complete the sentences.Use
the adjectives in brackets.
1. Every English child knows the story of Robin Hood. It is
saidthat he robbed___ and gave money to______. (rich, poor)
-
26
2. The government is cutting back on benefits
for________.(unemployed)
3. Some of________in Minsk remember when it was bombedduring the
war. (old)
4. Sign language is usually taught to________ to enable them
tocommunicate. (deaf)
5. The survey showed that_________control over of the
country'swealth. (rich)
6. _________of the town arranged a party for all_________inthe
town. (rich, disabled)
7. There are a lot of special schools for _________. (sick)8.
________in our neighborhood had guide dogs. (blind)9. ________will
always be poor. (poor)10. ________of Africa are struggling with
hunger. (starving)11. Life must be hard for_________in our society
today.
(handicapped)12. Rich nations can afford to feed________.
(hungry)
36. Fill in: the + adjective or the + adjective + people.
1. This charity provides shelter for ... the homeless people
...(homeless) ... of London.
2. It is important to look after ... (elderly), especially in
winter.3. Ambulances took ... (injured) to hospitals in the area.4.
... (old) in the village are upset about the new road.5. They are
changing the building to make it easier for ... (disabled)
to get around.6. ... (young) in the audience cheered loudly at
the end of the concert.7. ... (poor) of our town receive help from
the council.8. Christine is a nurse who looks after ... (sick).9.
... (strong) in the group carried the heavy equipment.10. ...
(rich) can afford to live in luxury.
ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -ING AND -ED
FOR STUDY
Present Participles (-ing forms) and Past Participles (-ed
forms)can be used as adjectives. Most of these so called participle
adjectivescan be used after linking verbs:
-
27
The students' exams results were pleasing.My friend appeared
delighted with the news.The -ing form describes what something is
like: an interesting
book, a pleasing result, a disappointing decision, an
embarrassingsituation, etc.
The -ed form describes how someone feels: tired,
surprised,impressed, excited, frightened, bored, etc. Compare:I am
reading an interesting book. I am interested in history.It is
really surprising. Everyone was surprised that he
passed the exam.
List of Verbs that Form Adjectives from their Present andPast
Participles
Verb Translation Present Participles (-ing forms)
Past Participles (-ed forms)
1 2 3 4 Alarm встревожить alarming alarmed
Amaze изумлять amazing amazed
Amuse развлекать(ся) amusing amused
Astonish изумлять astonishing astonished
Annoy досаждать annoying annoyed
Bore скучать boring bored
Confuse путать confusing confused
Disgust внушать отвращение disgusting disgusted
Depress подавлять, угнетать depressing depressed
Embarrass смущать embarrassing embarrassed
Excite вызывать эмоциональный отклик, какие-либо чувства
exciting excited
Exhaust изнурять exhausting exhausted
Frighten пугать frightening frightened
Fascinate восхищать fascinating fascinated
if h if i h ifi d
-
28
Продолжение таблицы
PRACTICE ACTIVITIES
37. Complete the unfinished words in these sentences eitherwith
-ing or with -ed according to the meaning of the sentence.
A.1. I find these figures very disturb....2. It is surprise...
how many people cannot swim.3. We showed them our holiday slides.
They said nothing but I think
they found them quite interest... .4. The children seemed to be
thrill... with their presents.5. He looked bor... but he assured me
he was having a good time.
He had a satisfy... expression on his face.6. He was obviously
pleas... with himself.7. I went to the sauna for a really relax...
massage. Afterwards, I
felt very relax... .8. I have never been so embarrass... in my
life – I had forgotten my
notes!9. That is a very tir... job: no wonder you look so
exhaust ... .10. He kept us entertain... with excit... stories
about his African
adventures.11. I find penguins the most fascinate... animals in
the zoo.
-
29
12. Do you get many disappoint... customers, or are most
peoplesatisfy... with your service?
B.1. We were all (horrify) when we heard about the disaster.2.
It’s something (embarrass) when you have to ask people for
money.3. Are you (interest) in football?4. I enjoyed the
football match. It was quite (excite).5. It was a really (terrify)
experience. Afterwards everybody was
very (shock).6. I had never expected to be offered a job. I was
really (amaze)
when I was offered it.7. The kitchen hasn’t been cleaned for
ages. It was really (disgust).8. Do you easily get (embarrass)?
C.1 . I seldom visit art galleries. I’m not very in... in art.2
. We went for a very long walk. It was very ti....3 . Why do you
always look so b...? Is your life really so b...?4 . He’s one of
the most b... people I’ve ever met. He never stops
talking and never says anything in...5 . I was as... when I
heard they were getting divorced. They had
always seemed so happy together.6 . I’m starting a new job next
week. I’m quite ex... about it.
38. Complete two sentences for each situation.
1. It’s been raining all day. I hate this weather. (depress-) a)
Thisweather is ... b) this weather makes me...
2. Astronomy is one of Tom’s main interests. (interest-) a) Tom
is... in astronomy. b) He finds astronomy very ...
3. I turned off the television in the middle of the programme.
(hot-)a) The programme was ... b) I was ...
4. Ann is going to America next month. She has never been
herebefore. (excite-). a) She is really ... about going. b) It will
be an ...experience for her.
5. Diana teaches young children. It’s a hard job. (exhaust-). a)
Sheoften finds her job ... b) At the end of the day’s work she is
often ...
-
30
39. Complete the sentences with an adjective ending in -ingor
-ed or other endings.
1. The coincidence amazed us. We were ... .2. The journey tired
us. The journey ... .3. The experience upset Silvia. Silvia... .4.
The experience upset us. The experience ... .5. Gloria enchanted
me. Gloria ... .6. I enchanted Gloria. Gloria ... .7. The children
delighted us. The children ... .8. The children delighted us. We
... .9. The new building impresses us. The new building ... .10.
The new building impresses everybody. Everybody ... .
EXTENDED PRACTICE
40. Complete the sentences with an adjective ending in -ingor
-ed.
A.1. I don’t like horror films. I think they are (fright-) and
(bor-).2. Don’t look so (surprise-). Of course, it was a
(surprise-) decision
but we had no other way out.3. 3. It was a (tire-) journey. I
wish I hadn’t had it. I feel completely
(exhaust-) after it.4. The football match was (disappoint-). Our
team lost the game
and we left this stadium quite (disappoint-).5. He can’t
remember his pupil’s names. It seemed funny at first,
but now it is rather (embarrass-).6. So far as Mrs Brown was
concerned she didn’t seem to be in the
least (embarrass-).7. He didn’t come and she looked rather
(worry-).8. The rise in crime is (depress-).9. The pictures made a
(depress-) impression on him.10. She is not (satisfy-) with her
profession.
B.1. Tom is (interest...) in politics. He really finds politics
(interest....)2. The film was (disappoint...). I expected it to be
much better.3. It was a really (terrify...) experience. Afterwards
everybody was
(shock...).
-
31
4. Susan is one of the most (bore...) persons I’ve ever met.
Shenever stops talking and she never says anything
(interest...).
5. We were all (horrify...) when we heard about the
earthquake.6. Do you easily get (embarrass...)?7. I was really
(fascinat...) to hear about the travels in Africa.8. She was really
(exhaust...) after her participation in the sailing
competition.9. The river rose to a (surprise...) level for this
time of the year.10. The people in the nearby villages were worried
by the continued
(alarm...) rise in the river level.
C.1. I’m surprised how warm it is for October. – Yes, all this
sunshine
is quite (surprise...).2. I can’t understand these instructions.
– Neither can I. I got very
(confus...) trying to make sense of them.3. The test results
were very (disappoint...). – I was quite (shock...)
to see them.4. I don’t like rainy weather. – This weather makes
me (depress...) too.5. Was it a big thrill meeting Tom Hanks? – You
bet. It was just
about the most (thrill...) moments of my life.6. Claire was
certainly (amus...). She couldn’t stop laughing. – I
also enjoyed the performance.7. You look (tir...). – Driving
down from Scotland was pretty
(exhaust...).
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
FOR STUDY
For comparison, adjectives have got two forms: the
comparativeand the superlative.
We use the comparative form + than to compare two people,things,
etc.
e.g. Tina is shorter than Pam.This chair is more comfortable
than the other one.We use the + superlative form + of/in to compare
one person,
thing, etc. with more than one person, thing, etc. in the same
group. Weuse in when we talk about places.
e.g. Peter is the smartest of all my students.
-
32
‘Don's’ is the most expensive restaurant in our town.The
comparative of one-syllable adjectives is formed by adding -er,
and the superlative by adding -est. e.g. soft – softer –
softest.The comparative of real, right and wrong is formed with
more and
the superlative with most. e.g. real – more real – most realSome
one-syllable adjectives of abstract meaning such as clear,
safe, true, free, wise, etc. take either -er/-est or more/most.
e.g. clear –clearer – clearest OR clear – more clear – most
clear
The comparative of two-syllable adjectives ending in -y is
formedby adding -ier and the superlative by adding -iest. e.g. easy
– easier –easiest (more usual). Also easy – more easy – most easy
(less usual)
Some two-syllable adjectives such as: clever, common,
stupid,narrow, gentle, friendly, simple, etc. take either -er/-est
or more/most.
e.g. common – commoner – commonestOR common – more common – most
commonThe comparative of adjectives ending in -ing (interesting),
-ed
(pleased), -ful (careful) and -less (careless) is formed with
more andthe superlative with most. e.g. thrilling – more thrilling
– most thrilling
The comparative of adjectives of three or more syllables is
formedwith more and the superlative with most.
e.g. intelligent – more intelligent – most intelligentNote:The
Amazon is one of the longest rivers in the world.The Amazon is the
second longest river in the world.This drink is best in cold
weather. (=It's not so good in hot weather.)This drink is the best
I've ever tasted. (=It's better than other drinks.)This hotel is
least expensive in winter. (=It's cheaper than it is in
summer.)This hotel is the least expensive in the town. (=It's
cheaper than
other hotels.)Most (without the) sometimes has the meaning of
‘nearly all’, ‘the
majority’: Most cars have four wheels. Most of my friends have
cars.
Irregular Forms of Comparison
positive comparative superlative good/well bad/badly much/many/a
lot of little far
better worse more less further/farther
best worst most least furthest/farthest
-
33
Comparative and superlative forms often confused
1. Further and farther refer to distance: London is five
milesfurther / farther. Further (not ‘farther’) can mean ‘in
addition’: There’sno further information.
2. We use elder / eldest before a noun only with reference to
peoplein a family: my elder brother / son, the eldest child, he’s
the eldest(but not ‘He is elder than me.’) We use older / oldest
for people andthings: He is older than I am. This book is
older.
3. Irregular comparisons: good / well – better – the best; bad
–worse – the worst; much / many – more – the most; little – less –
theleast. Good is an adjective; well is an adjective or an
adverb.
4. Latest / last: I bought the latest (most recent) edition of
today’spaper. I bought the last (=final) edition of today’s
paper.
5. Lesser is formed from less but is not a true comparative.
Wecannot use than after it. Lesser means ‘not so great’ and we use
it infixed phrases like the lesser of two evils.
PRACTICE ACTIVITIES
41. Form the comparative and the superlative of theseadjectives.
They all take -(e)r and -(e)st, except for numbers 9and 23. Pay
attention to any spelling changes which are necessary.
1. Tiny2. Handsome3. Lively4. Dry5. Pleasant6. Simple7. Mellow8.
Good9. Bad10. Far11. Sad12. Heavy
42. Give the comparatives and the superlatives.heap, fine, late,
full, funny, good, boring, hard, handsome, honest, interesting,
lazy, light, old, nervous, sad, soft, far, violent, wet, silly,
stupid, uncomfortable,useful, little, young, bad, fresh, important,
many/much, pretty, gifted.
13. Grey14. Late15. Quiet16. Polite17. Clever18. Big19. Fat20.
Wide21. Foggy22. Able23. Ill24. Common
25. Soon26. Thin27. Calm28. Healthy29. True30. Wide31. Early32.
Narrow33. Free34. Rare35. Flat36. Pretty
-
34
43. Complete the sentences with:
a) a comparative and than1. She's much ... her husband.
(young)2. It's a ... day ... yesterday. (warm)3. The vegetables in
this shop are ... the ones in the supermarket.
(fresh)4. The train is ... the bus. (expensive)5. This new TV
programme is much ... the old one. (funny)6. Mrs Davies is a ...
teacher ... Mr Andrews. (good)7. My office is ... Helen's. (near)8.
The traffic is ... it was last year. (noisy)9. You have a ... life
... I have. (busy)10. Drivers in this country are ... drivers in my
country.(careless)11. The exam today was ... last year's exam.
(difficult)12. She's much ... her sister. (kind)13. The North is
... the South. (rich)14. The students ask ... questions ... they
did before. (intelligent)15. Her second book is ... her first.
(interesting) b) a superlative
b) a superlative1. This is the ... case in the shop. (strong)2.
You're the ... person here. (friendly)3. She's the ... student in
the group.(intelligent)4. This is the ... day of my life. (happy)5.
This is the ... hotel in town. (cheap)6. It's the ... place in the
world. (wonderful)7. It's the ... film I've ever seen. (sad)8. It's
the ... capital city in the world. (dirty)9. The people in this
area are the ... in the country. (poor)10. She was the ... speaker
of the evening. (amusing)11. This shop sells the ... vegetables.
(fresh)12. It's the ... programme on television. (boring)13. This
is the ... road in the country. (dangerous)14. She's the ... person
I've ever met. (honest)15. It was the ... time of my life.
(bad)
44. Form the comparatives and the superlatives.
MODEL: John, Bob, Henry – strong.John is strong, Bob is stronger
and Henry is the strongest of all the three.
-
35
1. George, Nick, Mike – young.2. Sam, Tom, Charles – lucky.3.
Ann, Betty, Kate – pretty.4. My answer, his answer, her answer at
the exam – good.5. Fred, David, Ben – tall.6. My task, your task,
his task – easy.7. John, his brother, his father – clever.8. Mary's
dress, Ann's dress, Kate's dress – fashionable.9. Tom, his friend,
George – brave.10. The Volga, the Danube, the Nile – long.11.
English, Russian, Chinese – difficult.12. May, June, July – hot.13.
Peter's flat, Nina's flat, Mark's flat – comfortable.14. Ben's car,
Jim's car, Fred's car – bad.15. The performance, the film, the book
– interesting.
EXTENDED PRACTICE
45. Make up sentences using the comparatives and
thesuperlatives.
1. Girls (clever) > boys2. The sun (bright) > the moon3.
Northerners (friendly) > southerners4. Rome (beautiful) >
Milan5. Cats (intelligent) > dogs6. Dior dresses (elegant) >
Balmain’s7. Men (sensible) > women8. The English (witty) >
the Americans9. Some people (honest) > others10. Physics (hard)
> chemistry11. Boys (sensitive) > girls
46. Use the correct form of the adjectives in brackets.
1. Health and happiness are (important) than money.2. I prefer
this armchair. It’s (comfortable) than the other one.3. The hotel
was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be much (expensive).4. She
is a very intelligent student. She is (intelligent) student in our
school.5. This hat is too small for me. I need a (big) size.6. The
station wasn’t as (near) as I expected.
-
36
7. Her illness was (serious) than we at first thought.8. It’s
(funny) story I’ve ever head.9. My salary isn’t so (high) as
yours.10. This furniture is too expensive for me. I would like to
buy (cheap)
furniture.11. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere
(quiet)?12. He is (famous) singer in the country.13. A big car is
(expensive) to run than a small car.14. I’m getting too old. The
job is for a (young) man.15. Children nowadays seem to be much
(noisy) than they used to be.16. You certainly look (happy) than
you did yesterday.17. When the children get a bit (old) they will
need a (big) house.18. I know the exams are (difficult) time of the
year for students.19. He was much the same as I had remembered him,
though he
had grown (heavy) and (thick). But his hair was even (curly) and
he hada (pleasant) expression.
20. They were suspicious of us at first but eventually they
became(friendly) and (relaxed).
21. Considering everything you have done for them, they ought
tobe (willing) to help.
22. He’s one of (stupid) people I’ve ever met. He parked his car
in(narrow) street in the village, and when another driver
complained, hejust got angry awkward. In the end, a policeman came
and fined him.Perhaps he’ll be (careful) in future.
23. Scientists claim oil pollution is (common) cause of death
amongsea birds.
24. The last exam was quite easy and I began to feel
(confident)about my results.
25. The report confirms that smoking is (important) cause of
lung cancer26. Insects are (resistant) to radiation than large
animals.
47. Complete the sentences with the words from the boxusing the
proper degree.
1. She is easy to deal with. I think she is ... than her sister.
2. Isuppose the works of this artist are ... abroad than in his
country. 3. Thisarmchair is ... of all. 4. He knows a lot. He is
... than his schoolmates.5. Let’s take the path. It’s ... 6. The
street you live in is ... than mine.7. Days are getting ... in
July. 8. He made ... mistakes in his class.
-
37
48. Correct the sentences if necessary.
1. I’m busier than my little sister.2. London is more old than
New York.3. It’s the most sharp pencil I have.4. Do you know the
shortest way to the station?5. This exercise is more difficult than
that one.6. Be activer at your lessons, please.7. She is the most
pretty girl I’ve ever known.8. The boy is as taller as his
father.9. He makes more mistakes than you do.10. Baseball is the
popularest summer game in America.11. Soon it began to get more
darker and it was time to return.12. I’ve got a headache. Be
quieter, please.13. Can you come more early next time?14. You
should be carefuler.
49. Fill in the blanks with the correct form
Positive/Comparative/Superlative. Use the proper article.
1. The three musicians play on (new) stage.2. She speaks in
(loud) voice than the last time.3. They leave (quick) way they
can.4. A whale is (long) than a dolphin.5. Is it (cheap) to go
there by car or by train?6. Do you know that the Dead Sea is
(salty) sea.7. This is (great) problem she has ever had.8. My case
isn’t very (heavy). Yours is (heavy).9. Of the two skirts, that one
is the (smart).10. These trousers are too small. I need (large)
size.11. I’m so (strong) as a horse.12. China has got (large)
population in the world.13. Of the three girls, this one is the
(pretty).14. She is (wonderful) person in the whole band.15. He is
also (polite) person than Paul.16. She has (difficult) job of
all.17. I think dogs are (intelligent) than cats.18. Don’t talk
about them. Let’s talk about something (interesting).19. Money is
(important), but isn’t (important) thing in life.20. Which
instrument makes (beautiful) music in the world?21. This room is
not so (comfortable) as that one on the first floor.
-
38
22. Happiness is (important) than money.23. This coat is
(expensive) of all.24. That painting is (impressive) than the one
in your living room.25. Betty is (hard-work) than Jane, but Kate is
(hard-work) of all.
50. Translate.
1. Кто из этих двух учеников лучший?2. Кто самый высокий ученик
в классе?3. Из двух игрушек мальчик выбрал самую яркую.4. Возьмите
этот чемодан, он легче вашего.5. Я думаю, что он старше вас, но
моложе меня.6. Это самый талантливый студент в нашей группе.7. Где
ближайшая почта?
FOR STUDY
We use adjectives or their comparative or superlative forms
withthe following words:
a) very + adjectivee.g. It's very cold today.b) even / a lot /
much / far / a bit / a little / slightly + comparativee.g. He seems
much better today.c) by far + superlativee.g. She's by far the most
beautiful woman I've ever seen.d) most + adj/adv = verye.g. This is
most unusual. (It is very unusual.)e) any/no + comparative (it is
used in questions and negations)e.g. The days aren't getting any
warmer. I want no more of that
kind of behaviour.
PRACTICE ACTIVITIES
51. Use less/the least/fewer/the fewest.
1. Of all British cars, this one uses ... petrol. It also needs
... repairs.2. There were ... problems than we expected.3. ...
girls than boys do mathematics at university. This may be
because girls get ... encouragement to study maths at school.4.
Of all my friends, Jane does ... work.
-
39
5. I feel ... confident about the future than I did a year
ago.6. My mother is/was ... optimistic person you can imagine.7.
I've got ... money than I thought.8. As the years went by, they had
... things to say, and ... interest in
talking to each other.9. Ann's ... shy than Pat.10. I spoke
English ... fluently a year ago than I do today.11. Ann was the
person who made ... mistakes in the translation
exam.12. Do you want more time and ... money, or more money
and...
time?13. He drives ... carefully than I expected.14. I think
this country is ... prosperous than it was a year ago.15. Liz is
very clever, but she has got ... self-confidence of anyone
I know.16. It was ... successful party we'd given.17. I've had
... days of work of anybody in the office.18. People from the north
of my country speak ... politely than
people from the south.19. My home town is ... gorgerous place I
know.20. ... people than usual were invited to the conference
but
nevertheless it was a great success.
52. Fill in: further, furthest, better, best, worse and
worst.
A. We've been driving for hours! The weather is getting 1) ...
worse... How much 2) ... is it?
B. I'm not sure, but according to the map, this is the 3) ...
route to take.A. Give me the map, please. I'll find a 4) ... way to
get there. Why did
Dave choose the 5) ... restaurant out of town to go to on such a
rainy night?B. I don't know. I think it's also one of the 6)...
places to eat.A. Well, at this rate we're never going to get
there!
53. Fill in: more, most, less and least.
A. This new energy-saving washing machine is the 1) ... most
...economical model on the market.
B. Is that because it uses 2) ... electricity than the others?A.
Yes. It uses the 3) ... energy and saves you money.C. That's great.
It also seems to have 4) ... functions than my old
one. I'll take it!
-
40
54. Choose the right forms to complete these sentences. Insome
cases both variants are right.
1. Is your house much (farther, further)?2. Who's the (oldest,
eldest) in this class?3. Your driving is (worse, worst) than
mine.4. Have you heard the (last, latest) news?5. His (last,
latest) words were: «The end».6. My flat is (smaller, less) than
yours.7. I've got (smaller, less) than you.8. Jane is (older,
elder) than I am.9. His English is (better, best) than mine.10.
It's the (better, best) costume in the shop.11. It's the (oldest,
eldest) tree in the country.12. She's my (older, elder) sister.13.
You've got the (more, most)!14. Jane Somers writes (good, well).15.
Her accent is (worse, worst) than his.
55. Circle the right form in these sentences.
1. It's the (less / lesser) of two evils.2. We have no (further
/ farther) information.3. Jane Somers writes (good / well).4. This
is the town’s (oldest / eldest) house.5. I've got (less / lesser)
than you.6. This is the (more / most) expensive.7. It's the (better
/ best) in the shop.8. It's the (furthest / farthest) point west.9.
My flat is (littler / smaller) than yours.
56. Open the brackets and use the comparative form of
theadjectives.
A.1. The 22 of December is the (short) day in the year.2. Elbrus
is the (high) peak in the Caucasian mountains.
-
41
3. His plan is (practical) than yours.4. His plan is the
(practical) one of all our plans.5. This room is (small) than all
the rooms in the house.6. London is the (large) city in England.7.
Silver is (heavy) than copper.8. This wall is (low) than that
one.9. The Volga is the (long) river in Europe.10. This exercise is
(good) than the last one.11. My cigarettes are (bad) than yours.12.
I've got (far) information on this matter.13. The Thames is (wide)
and (deep) than the Avon.14. I bought the (late) edition of today's
paper.15. The two men are sitting at the bar. The one (near) to me
is the
(big) and (strong) man I've ever seen.16. The one (far) from me
is the (small) and (weak) one.17. This is her (good) answer.18.
Iron is (useful) than any other metal.19. It's (late) than I
thought.20. The car seems (bad) than yesterday.
B.1. This exercise is (simple) than that one. 2. Why are you
talking?
Please be (quiet). 3. New districts of Moscow are (beautiful)
than theold ones. 4. He is (clever) than his brother. 5. My (old)
sister is 5 years(old) than me. 6. There are (many) customers on
Sundays than onweekdays. 7. Are expensive things (good) than cheap
ones? 8. Is Englishgrammar (difficult) than Russian grammar? 9. He
has made (few)mistakes than yesterday. 10. She had to give us (far)
information thoughshe didn’t want to. 11. Student from Group 3 are
(industrious) thanthose from Group 5. 12. Have you met our new
colleagues, Mr. Brownand Mr. Green? The former is an excellent
economist, (late) is a goodlawyer. 13. They have got down to
business without any (far) delay.14. This matter is (urgent) than
that one. 15. He plays tennis (bad) thanshe. 16. He’s got a still
(old) edition of this book. 17. Is there a (late)train passing
here? 18. (far) details will be given tomorrow. 19. Sparrowsare
(common) than any other birds. 20. Motor-cycles are (noisy)
thancars, aren’t they?
-
42
C.1. I met my (good) friend yesterday. 2. Dorothy is (young) in
her
family. 3. Henry is not (strong) his elder brother Bob. 4. –
Isn’t it verywarm today, is it? – No, it was (warm) yesterday. 5.
Your friend lookedupset yesterday. I’m glad he looks (happy) today.
6. Where is (near)post-office, please? 7. That’s (good) film I’ve
ever seen. 8. Publictransport in London is (expensive) in Europe.
9. Do you think Americansare (nice) English people? 10. The 22nd of
December is (short) day in theyear. 11. This is (old) theatre in
London. 12. Pluto is (cold) of all theplanets. 13. My (old) sister
doesn’t live with us. 14. This house is (old) ofall the houses in
the street. 15. Go to the library if you need (far)information. 16.
Life is (easy) it used to be. 17. I’m getting (fat) and(fat). 18.
The problem was (serious) we expected. 19. Moscow is (large)city in
Russia. 20. Let’s go by train. It’s much (cheap). 21. Is Alan
(tall)than Jim? 22. I earn (little) money than he does. 23. He has
(much) timethan me. 24. Your cottage isn’t (far) I thought. 25.
(old) I get, (happy) Iam. 26. The grass is always (green) on the
other side. 27. Dad oftensays that mom is his (good) half.
D.Your TV is a lot ... than ours. (good) 2. This is the ... film
I’ve ever
seen. (bad) 3. Her accent is ... than mine. (correct) 4.
Policemen seemto get ...every year. (young) 5. I’m ... the person
in my family. 6. This isthe ... meal I’ve ever eaten. 7. I have a
friend who’s much ... than me 8.A friend of mine married a man who
is much ... than her. 9. Everest isthe ... mountain in the world.
10. A friend of mine married a woman whois much ... than him.
E.1. Who was (late) person to leave the building yesterday? 2.
(Near)
train for Cardiff leaves in an hour. 3. They realise their plan
without (far)difficulties. 4. Nell is three years (old) than her
husband. 5. Her (old)brother is a well-known pianist. 6. The car
was parked in (far) corner ofthe yard. 7. You’ll get (far)
instructions in a few days. 8. It’s (bad) weatherwe had for a long
time. 9. Can you tell me the way to (near) post office.10. Hilda is
(old) in the family. 11. What do you think of his (late) play?It’s
(good) play I’ve seen this year. 12. I’m looking forward to his
(near)letter. 13. Who’s (good) player in the team? 14. She’s
actually a gooddeal (old) than she looks. 15. My (old) daughter
does nearly all thehousework. 16. Mercury is (near) to the Sun and
Pluto is (far). 17. You
-
43
should get the patient to (near) doctor as soon as possible. 18.
Yourability to remember things gets (bad) as the years go by. 19.
Are thereany (far) questions? 20. Other students had poorer
results. He isn’t (bad)student in the class. 21. Concerning your
application, I’m afraid, we haveno (far) news. 22. The bus starts
from the castle, which is (old) survivingbuilding in the town.
F.1. That is (incredible) story I have ever heard!2. It is not
always (bright) students who do well in tests.3. Terylene shirts
are harder-wearing, but cotton shirts are much
(comfortable).4. Which is (deep), Lake Garda or Lake Iseo?5. She
is much (self-confident) than she used to be.6. (tall) man in
Manresa is a basketball player.7. I like both of them, but I think
Michael is (easy) to talk to.8. Most people are (well off) than
their parents were.9. She has a lot to be thankful for – (sad)
thing of all is that she does
not realize it.10. I want to rent a car – (powerful) one you
have.11. You look a lot (well) than you did last time I saw you.12.
There is nothing (irritating) than locking yourself out of your
own house.13. Both roads lead to the city centre, but the
left-hand one is probably
a bit (short) and (direct).14. As I get (old), I notice that the
policemen seem to be getting
(young)!15. Nothing could be (fine) than to be in Carolina.
(song title)16. – 'Is Cambridge (old) university in Britain?' –
'No, Oxford is
about 50 years (old).'17. If you were (tidy) and
(well-organized) than you are, you would
not keep losing things.18. The boys in our school are much
(good-looking) and a lot (good)
at football than the boys in other schools in the town.
57. Complete using comparatives of the adjectives, add thanwhen
necessary.
«Oh, why is English such a difficult language! I think it is
(difficult)French. Sometimes I feel that my English is getting
(bad), not (good)!When you first start learning English, it seems
(easy) other languages
-
44
and the grammar looks (much/simple). However, when you become
(alittle/advanced), it gets (a lot/complicated). There are also so
many wordsin English! The dictionary I bought when I first came to
Britain is far toosimple. I’m already looking for something (big)
and (comprehensive).»
58. Put the adjectives into the correct form. Add the, a
wherenecessary.
1. Two weeks ago I went to buy a birthday present for my (old)
sister.You couldn’t meet (wonderful) person than her. She is one of
(charming)women I know. She is also (generous- hearted) person I’ve
ever met. Mothersays she could be a bit (tidy) than she is. Anyway,
the present I wanted tobuy her had to be (good) I could afford.
Eventually, I came across (beautiful)scarf I had ever seen. Imagine
my disappointment when I discovered thenext day that Mother had
bought her exactly the same scarf.
2. One of (embarrassing) experiences that can happen to anyone
isto meet old friends, and not recognize them. I once had to
welcome agroup of students at the airport. I knew (old) person, a
Madame Dufort,would be in charge of them, and when the group
appeared, this womancame towards me, smiling, and said: «Doctor,
what a pleasant surprise!»If I had been (quick) and (intelligent) I
would have said brightly: «Hownice to see you, my dear!» as if she
were my (old) friend, but I just stoodthere, my face getting (red)
and (red), trying to remember her. The (bad)thing about it was that
she got even (embarrassed) than I was, and said:You don’t remember
me», still not giving me (slight) clue. Fortunately,my wife, who is
(quick-thinking) and (well-mannered) than I am, said:«Of course he
does, Nicole but he is (absent-minded) person in the world».Nicole
had been a student of mine years before, but she looked much(old),
her hair was going grey, and her face had (many) lines in it than
isusual at her age. She had got married, too, so her name was
changed,and I find names (easy) to remember than faces.
59. Put the adjectives into the correct form, adding
anynecessary words.
1. – David is (old) Steve, isn’t he? – Yes, David is 14 and
Steve is 12.2. – Do you like being at university? – Yes, it’s
(interesting) being at school.3. – Did you enjoy the meal? – Yes.
It was (delicious) meal I’ve ever eaten.4. – Laura is a lovely
person. – Yes. She is (nice) person I know.5. – Did you get a good
grade in the exam? – Yes. It was much
(good) I had expected.
-
45
6. – Did you buy that jacket? – No. It was far (expensive) I had
thought.7. – Do you like my new dress? – I love it! It’s
(beautiful) dress
I’ve ever seen.8. – It was a great party, isn’t it? – Oh, yes!
It was (good) party
I’ve ever been to.9. – Why are you so tired? – The meeting
finished much (late) than
I had expected.10. – Mark is very clever. – Yes, he is
(intelligent) boy in the school.
60. Put the adjectives in brackets into the comparative
orsuperlative form, adding any necessary words.
A.1. A: Did you enjoy the film?
B: Yes. It was... the funniest... (funny) film I've ever seen.2.
A: James is very tall.
B: Yes. He's ... (tall) boy in our class.3. A: Was it a good
party?
B: Yes. I left far ... (late) I had intended to.4. A: Did you
like the black dress?
B: Yes, but it was far ... (expensive) the blue one.5. A: Why do
you want to go to Spain?
B: Because it's much ... (warm) England.6. A: Do you enjoy your
job?
B: Oh, yes. It's ... (good) job I've ever had.7. A: If you need
any ... (far) help, just ask me.
B: Thank you. That's very kind of you. My teacher is very
clever.8. A: Yes. She's ... (intelligent) woman I've ever met.
B: Dinosaurs were ... (big) houses.9. A: I know. They were
enormous.
B: How much did you pay for that bag?10. A: Ј5. It was ...
(cheap) one I could find.
B: That exam was really difficult.11. A: I agree. It was a lot
... (difficult) I had expected.
B: Have you heard James playing the piano lately?12. A: Yes, but
he doesn't seem to be getting ...(good).
B.Dear Anita,I'm writing to tell you about the auction I went to
last weekend. It
was held in 1) ... the largest ... (large) ... house in the
village and theitems being sold were far 2) ... (beautiful) I had
expected. I saw 3) ...(pretty) vase I've ever seen, but it was also
4) ... (expensive) item there,
-
46
so I couldn't afford to buy it. I bid for some chairs. They were
far 5) ...(nice) mine, but unfortunately someone made a 6) ...
(good) offer thanme and I couldn't afford to make a 7) ... (high)
bid.
In the end, I bought 8) ... (small) item of all, although it was
not 9) ...(cheap) of all! It was a gold locket, which I'm going to
give to my 10) ...(old) daughter on her 18th birthday. I think it's
11) ... (lovely) necklace I'veever seen and it was 12) ... (easy)
to carry home than a set of chairs!
I enjoyed the auction very much and hope to go to another
onesoon. Perhaps next time you'll come with me.
Write soon and tell me all your news.Love, Maggie
61. Write the correct form of the comparative or superlativeand
complete the sentences with your own ideas.
1. In my opinion, ... the tiger is the most dangerous
(dangerous)animal of all.
2. ... is ... (nice) place I have ever been to.3. ... (sweet)
sugar.4. I can ... (good), but I can ... even ... (good)5. I think
... (difficult) subject of all!6. ... (valuable) rubies.7. ...
(healthy) food of all!8. ... (efficient) old ones.9. ...
(intelligent) person I have ever met.10. ... (expensive) silver
jewellery.
62. Think of three people in your family or in the class. Writea
sentence about each one using a superlative.
EXTENDED PRACTICE
63. Put the comparative or superlative form of the adjectivesin
brackets.
The sinking of the Titanic is one of 1) ... the most famous ...
(famous)shipwreck stories ... of ... all time. The Titanic was said
to be 2) ... (safe)ocean liner ... the world. When it set sail, all
the cabins were full, from3) ... (expensive) to 4) ... (cheap) ones
on the lower deck. Some of5) ... (rich) people ... the world set
sail for America on one of 6) ... (long)
-
47
and 7) ... (dangerous) crossings attempted by such a liner. The
captainwas one of 8) ... (good), but he made a big mistake which
caused hundredsof deaths. As they sailed on, the going became 9)
... difficult). Suddenlythe captain saw an iceberg ahead but, by
then, it was too late to doanything. They sailed 10) ... (close)
until finally they hit it. Everyonerushed to the lifeboats. Some
survived but many died. The survivors saidit was 11) ...
(frightening) experience... their lives and they felt like12) ...
(lucky) people on earth to have survived.
64. Fill in the blanks as in the example:
A.Two weeks ago, I went into town to buy a birthday present for
my 1) ...
oldest ... (old) sister. You couldn't meet a 2) ... (wonderful)
person ... her.She is one of 3) ... (charming) and 4) ... (funny)
women I know. She is also5) ... (generous)-hearted person I've ever
met. 6) ... (bad) thing is that shehas a 7) ... (quick) temper ...
me. Mother says she could also be a bit 8) ...(tidy) ... she is.
Anyway, the present I wanted to buy her had to be 9) ...(good) I
could afford. Eventually, I came across 10) ... (beautiful) scarf
Ihad ever seen. It was 11) ... (long) ... the one she already had
and much12) ... (colourful). Imagine my disappointment when I
discovered the nextday that Mother had bought her exactly the same
scarf.
B.What was life like when I was a boy? Well, I think it was 1)
...
better, (good) ... than ... life now. It was 2) ... (good) time
... my life.When I was 3) ... (young), people were 4) ... (happy)
and 5) ... (polite)... they are now. Also, things were 6) ...
(cheap) and money lasted a lot7) ... (long) ... nowadays. Some say
that life is 8) ... (exciting) nowadays.It's true that you can
travel 9) ... (far) and 10) ... (fast) ... when I was aboy and
there is a lot 11) ... (much) choice of entertainment. But, on
thewhole, I think life is much 12) ... (bad) nowadays.
C.New Cross Memorial is 1) ... the busiest ... (busy) hospital
... in ...
New York. It has 2) ... (new) medical equipment and 3) ...
(fast)ambulances ... the city. Its waiting lists are 4) ... (short)
... other hospitals'and many people say the medical staff are 5)
... (caring)
America. Dr Moss works in the children's ward. Her work is 6)
...(hard) some of her colleagues' because she is 7) ... (qualify)
doctor on
-
48
the ward. Despite this, she thinks she has 8) ... (good) job ...
the hospital.Her hours are 9) ... (bad) ... her friends' but the
rewards are 10) ...(great) ... theirs.
65. Maggie and Ray have just moved into a new house.Maggie is
talking to Ann about it. Look at these extracts fromthe
conversation and correct any mistakes.
1. A: Ray told me the people next door are very noisy.M: Sshh!
Not as loud. They'll hear you. Actually, they’re not so bad
neighbours as we first thought.2. M: The previous owners wanted
as many as Ј60,000 for it, but
Ј50,000 was so high as we could go.A: How large garage have you
got?3. M: It's very small. In fact we can't get our car in, but
that's not
too big problem. We park it outside.4. M: It's not such
beautiful garden, but it's okay for us. The main
problem is a huge tree as few as 3 metres from the house, which
keepsout the light.
5. A: Do you think Ray will be happy here?M: Well, I'm not as
sure. He still has a long journey to work, and will
be in the car for as many as 3 hours a day.
66. Write sentences, using the words given.
1. Geneva / one of/ modern cities in Europe.2. Venice / romantic
city / Europe.3. Paris / beautiful / spring.4. September / best
time / visit India.5. Australia / hottest when it is winter in
Europe.6. Spain / popular destination for British tourists.7.
Americans, Germans and French people / frequent visitors to
Britain.8. Public transport in London / expensive / Europe.9.
The beaches of Europe / crowded / August.10. There / something
interesting to see / most countries.
67. a) A motoring magazine has tested six new cars and giventhem
marks for price, running costs, reliability, and so on. Thecars get
up to 5 marks in each category. For example, 5 means
-
49
very cheap, very economical, etc., and 0 means not at all cheap
oreconomical, etc., 5 is the best mark and o is the worst.
Comparethe cars, using the notes given in the table.
Prince / easy to drive / Delta – The Prince is easier to drive
thanthe Delta.
Sahara / comfortable / Superior – The Sahara is just as
comfortableas the Superior.
Swift / reliable / Libretto – The Swift is less reliable than
theLibretto. or: The Swift isn’t as reliable as the Libretto.
1. Superior / comfortable / Libretto2. Swift / spacious /
Sahara3. Delta / cheap / Prince4. Sahara / reliable / Libretto5.
Prince / comfortable / Swift6. Delta/ fast/ Sahara7. Superior /
economical / Delta8. Swift / easy to drive / Superior9. Sahara /
good-looking / Prince10. Swift / comfortable / Libretto
b) Write six sentences saying which car is the best in
eachcategory.
c) Talk to your partner about your own car (or the car youwould
like to have). Discuss the similarities and differencesbetween the
two cars.
d) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of travellingby
public transport as against using your own car or bicycle.
cheap econo-mical
reliable easy to drive
comfor- table
spa-cious
fast good-looking
Prince 3 5 5 4 3 2 3 1 Delta 4 4 4 2 1 0 3 3 Swift 3 2 2 5 5 4 3
4 Sahara 5 3 4 2 4 3 1 3 Superior 1 0 3 4 4 4 5 5 Libretto 2 3 4 3
4 5 4 4
-
50
68. Your friend Sarah wants to buy a vacuum cleaner. Look atthe
following advertisements, then write a letter advising her
whichvacuum cleaner to buy, using comparisons.
69. Every year the Newton family argue about their
summerholiday. This year the parents want to go to a lonely
Scottish islandand their teenage children, Clare and Tom, want to
go to the Costadel Sol. Try to think of their arguments. The words
in the box willhelp you to make comparisons.
70. Look at these phrases which can be used when
comparingthings. Decide which you’d find more useful in writing
than inconversation.
it..., the weather, the beaches, the sea, the people, the
scenery, the night life,
the food, the accommodation,...
nice, good, hot, cool, relaxing, peaceful, exciting, crowded,
friendly,
healthy, warm, cheap, expensive, comfortable, beautiful,
-
51
Продолжение таблицы
c) Work in pairs. Choose any of the topics below that takeyour
fanсу and make notes on both the similarities and thedifferences.
Then write a couple of paragraphs, using some of thephrases given
above. When you’ve finished, show yourparagraphs to another pair
and ask them to comment.
Living in the country – Living in a large cityLiving in a hotel
– Camping or self-cateringLife in your country – Life in
BritainTourism nowadays – Tourism ten years agoThe climate in your
country – The climate in BritainWorking in an office – Working in a
factoryLearning English – Learning your languageThe British sense
of humour – Your country's sense of humourTravelling today –
Travelling in the future
71. Translate into English using the proper degrees of thewords
in bold type.
1. Возьмите этот чемодан (suitcase), он легче вашего. 2. В
районеWest End находятся самые дорогие магазины. 3. Что ты
собираешьсяделать дальше? 4. Я думаю, что он старше вас, но моложе
меня.5. Это самый талантливый студент в нашей группе. 6. Хотя у нас
былисамые плохие места, нам очень понравился спектакль
(performance).7. Где ближайшее почтовое отделение? 8. Последний
поезд прибывалв полночь. 9. Последние известия были совсем
неинтересные. 10. Ониполучили дополнительные сведения по этому
вопросу.
INTENSIFIERSFOR STUDY
We can qualify an adjective or adverb by adding an adverb as
anintensifier. The commonest of these is very but there is a wide
choice ofsuch intensifiers, both formal and informal, as in the
following table. But
1 2 Similarly,... In the same way,.... By the same token,...
In contrast,... On the other hand,... Conversely,..
-
52
the choice of intensifier is linked to the meaning of the
adjective or adverb.These fall into two broad groups:
- absolute adject