© TANUVAS, 2011 REPEAT BREEDING SYNDROME. © TANUVAS, 2011 THE MOST VEXING PROBLEM FOR A VETERINARIAN!

© TANUVAS, 2011© TANUVAS, 2011

REPEAT BREEDING SYNDROME


THE MOST VEXING PROBLEM FOR A VETERINARIAN!


DEFINITION

A repeat breeder cow is defined as one • That has been bred 3 or more times but not conceived

• Has normal estrous cycle

• Is free from palpable abnormality

• Has no abnormal vaginal discharge

• Has calved atleast once and

• Is less than 10 years old


ETIOLOGY

FERTILIZATION FAILURE

EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH



FERTILIZATION FAILURE ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 15 PER

CENT OF REPRODUCTIVE WASTAGE IN NORMAL COWS.

IN REPEAT BREEDER COWS THE FERTILIZATION FAILURE MAY BE HIGHER

AROUND 28-44 PER CENT.

FERTILIZATION FAILUREFERTILIZATION FAILURE


Fertilization failures may be due to

Abnormalities in ovulation

Anovulation

Delayed ovulation

• Defective ovum

• Ageing of ovum- aged ova are viable only for few hours

• Inability of sperm to fertilize ovum

• Fertility of bull

• High sperm abnormality

• Low sperm motility

• Inflammation of genital tract

• Very early AI


• Inability of the gamates to reach one another due to congenital and acquired defects of the genital tract

• Congenital defects - segmental aplasia


ACQUIRED DEFECTS - OVAROBURSAL ADHESIONS

FAILURE OF OVA PICK-UP


HYDROSALPHINX


Cystic ovary

• Follicular Cyst and Hydrosalpinx.


TUBAL BLOCK- PSP DYE TEST


EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH

• Accounts for 25% of reproductive wastage.

• Major portion of embryonic death occurs between days 8 and 19 after

breeding

• Most embryo death occurs before the critical stage of pregnancy recognition

and the cow will return to estrus at the normal 18-25 days interval


Early embryonic death may be due to

Cytogenic abnormalities

• Critical requirement for embryo survival is the

presence of a normal complement of

chromosomes.

• Chromosomal aberrations-abnormal karyotypes

play a role in early embryo loss


Unfavourable uterine environmentUterine environment can be affected by– Nutrition– Age of dam Ambient temperature Hormonal imbalance Infections

• Rectal examination• Vaginal speculum• White side test• Endometrial cytology• Endometrial biopsy


Repeat breeding-Treatment

Bring the animal into +ve balance

– Additional concentrate ,greens

– Mineral supplemen

Check the semen quality. Use only high quality semen


Timing of AISpin Brackiet test

Repeat AI

TREATMENT


Delayed ovulation

• Estrus length -6-24hrs– Shorter in indigenous– Longer in exotic – Prolonged Estrus


TREATMENT• 100 g of GnRH (20 g of GnRH analouge) OR

1000-1500 IU of LH at the time of AI

• 500 mg of depot progesterone on 5th day after AI or 1000-1500 IU of LH/GnRH on 6th day of cycle

• Skip AI, adm.PGF2 after 9-10 days and do fixed time AI at 72 and 96 hrs

• CIDR, ear implant or PRID application and fixed time AI twice at 48 and 72 hours


PROSTAGLANDINS

• Prostaglandin F2 and its analogues • Cause functional and morphological

regression of CL • Estrus two to three days following inj.


21 Day estrous Cycle

21 Day Estrous cycle

Approx. 12 daysFunctional CL

Approx. 4-5 DaysDev. CL

Approx.4-5 DaysReg. CL


PRODUCTS• Cloprostenol (Estrumate) - synthetic analog.• Dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse) - synthetic PG F2 • similar to the natural product in the body.• Tiaprost (illiren) – synthetic analogue ADMINISTRATION• Intra muscular route

– Natural PGF2 - 25 mg– Synthetic analog - 0.5 mg

• Intra vulval sub mucosal route– Natural PGF2 - 10 mg– Synthetic analog - 0.2 mg

• Both routes are effective and have been found to give good conception rate.


Induced ovulationNew follicle growth

CL regression and Follicle maturation

SynchronizedOvulation

GnRH GnRHPGF2 AI

7 d 2 d

D 0D 7 D 9 D10

The Ovsynch protocol

GnRH-Receptal -2.5ml or 10µg I/M

PGF2 Lutalyse – 5 ml or 25 mg I/M


Conclusions

• Control of uterine infections

• Correct negative energy balance

• Correct timing of Aritificial insemination

• Assure quality of semen

© TANUVAS, 2011 REPEAT BREEDING SYNDROME. © TANUVAS, 2011 THE MOST VEXING PROBLEM FOR A VETERINARIAN!

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