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Nancy Bell
Head of Collection Care
The National Archives, UK
Leaders of Change: Strategies for Meeting the Environmental Challenge
The question
Can we provide appropriate environmental conditions (relativehumidity and temperature) for the collection, meet governmenttargets on CO2 emission and energy usage and prolong the lifetimeof the collection?
Vs
The National Archives
Q1 19783 repositories~6,500m2 each
Q1 repositories
3 421
4 Plant rooms, each servicing a quarter of all three repository floors above it
1 4
2 3
The aim of the model
The aim of the model was to examine options to maintain a sustainable preservation environment for the storage of TNA’s collection.
• Reduced energy consumption in line with sustainability targets
• Built resilience in light of climate change predictions
• Inform ongoing capital investment
• Contribute to the development of appropriate conservation standards and guidelines
Centre for Sustainable HeritageThe Bartlett School of Graduate StudiesUniversity College London
Developed using EnergyPlus
Energy is a building energy simulation program for modelling
building heating, cooling, lighting, ventilating and other energy flows. Developed
by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and trademark of the US Department
of Energy.
Outdoor environment
Building envelope
Air/ConHAMT
Relative humidity Temperature
Centre for Sustainable HeritageThe Bartlett School of Graduate StudiesUniversity College London
Prototype
N
61.4 61.2 66.8 66.4
58.5
58.1 60.8
59.5
W 63.0 51.8 63.5 E
58.1
57.8 57.5
56.8
64.7 65.1 60.6 60.8
S
56.1
56.9 61.0
62.9
59.0 53.1 54.4 56.364.3
56.6 54.7
57.4
57.561.6 66.0
64.0
59.0 57.3 54.8 57.8
N
16.8 16.9 16.1 16.1
17.7
17.5 17.6
17.6
W 16.7 19.7 16.8 E
18.1
17.9 18.1
18.5
16.6 16.5 17.4 17.5
S
16.116.8
16.7 17.617.9
18.1
17.5
19.4
17.8
18.6
19.2
18.7
17.0
16.5
18.1
18.5
18.9
18.3
18.4
18.1
N
16.8 16.9 16.2 16.2
17.5
17.5 17.6
17.6
W 16.7 19.8 16.8 E
17.7
17.8 18.0
18.2
16.7 16.6 17.5 17.5
S
18.1
16.5
17.5
18.2
18.4
16.8 16.218.1 18.8 18.4 18.2
18.9
16.8 17.8 17.619.2 19.2 18.5 18.2
17.0
What-if scenarios
Final model
Model construction
Input data
Building dimensionsMaterial propertiesInternal loadHVAC operationEnvironmental monitoring data
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
01/06/2009 00:00
04/06/2009 17:00
08/06/2009 10:00
12/06/2009 03:00
15/06/2009 20:00
19/06/2009 13:00
23/06/2009 06:00
26/06/2009 23:00
30/06/2009 16:00
04/07/2009 09:00
08/07/2009 02:00
11/07/2009 19:00
15/07/2009 12:00
19/07/2009 05:00
22/07/2009 22:00
26/07/2009 15:00
30/07/2009 08:00
03/08/2009 01:00
06/08/2009 18:00
10/08/2009 11:00
14/08/2009 04:00
17/08/2009 21:00
21/08/2009 14:00
25/08/2009 07:00
29/08/2009 00:00
01/09/2009 17:00
05/09/2009 10:00
09/09/2009 03:00
12/09/2009 20:00
16/09/2009 13:00
20/09/2009 06:00
23/09/2009 23:00
27/09/2009 16:00
01/10/2009 09:00
05/10/2009 02:00
08/10/2009 19:00
12/10/2009 12:00
16/10/2009 05:00
19/10/2009 22:00
23/10/2009 15:00
27/10/2009 08:00
31/10/2009 01:00
03/11/2009 18:00
07/11/2009 11:00
11/11/2009 04:00
14/11/2009 21:00
18/11/2009 14:00
22/11/2009 07:00
26/11/2009 00:00
29/11/2009 17:00
Jun - Nov, 2009
Relative Humidity (%)
mon_RH_3F (mean = 54.2%, SD = 2.8%)
mod_RH_3F (mean = 54.5%, SD = 3.0%)
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
01/06/2009 00:00
04/06/2009 16:00
08/06/2009 08:00
12/06/2009 00:00
15/06/2009 16:00
19/06/2009 08:00
23/06/2009 00:00
26/06/2009 16:00
30/06/2009 08:00
04/07/2009 00:00
07/07/2009 16:00
11/07/2009 08:00
15/07/2009 00:00
18/07/2009 16:00
22/07/2009 08:00
26/07/2009 00:00
29/07/2009 16:00
02/08/2009 08:00
06/08/2009 00:00
09/08/2009 16:00
13/08/2009 08:00
17/08/2009 00:00
20/08/2009 16:00
24/08/2009 08:00
28/08/2009 00:00
31/08/2009 16:00
04/09/2009 08:00
08/09/2009 00:00
11/09/2009 16:00
15/09/2009 08:00
19/09/2009 00:00
22/09/2009 16:00
26/09/2009 08:00
30/09/2009 00:00
03/10/2009 16:00
07/10/2009 08:00
11/10/2009 00:00
14/10/2009 16:00
18/10/2009 08:00
22/10/2009 00:00
25/10/2009 16:00
29/10/2009 08:00
02/11/2009 00:00
05/11/2009 16:00
09/11/2009 08:00
13/11/2009 00:00
16/11/2009 16:00
20/11/2009 08:00
24/11/2009 00:00
27/11/2009 16:00
Jun - Nov, 2009
Relative Humidity (%)
2 x exposed surface area (mean = 52.0%, SD = 3.0%)
no exposed surface area (mean = 52.4%, SD = 3.3%)
Calibration
Model software
+ Energy load
Centre for Sustainable HeritageThe Bartlett School of Graduate StudiesUniversity College London
Scenario testing
The environmental options were explored through a series of what-if scenarios tested using the simulation model
• Changes of outdoor conditions
• Changes to the structure of the building
• Changes in the operation of the air conditioning
• Changes in the content of the repositories
• Changes in internal load
Centre for Sustainable HeritageThe Bartlett School of Graduate StudiesUniversity College London
Research to practice
1. Demand for cooling is 70% of total energy load
2. Powering down HVAC over the weekend: Up to 22% saving without affecting the preservation environment
3. Seasonally adjusted HVAC set points: Up to 43% saving with improved quality of preservation environment
• Set points between 40% - 55%RH and 16oC - 20oC
• Savings of approximately £180k per year.
4. Increasing roof insulation and other myths: No significant net change
5. The capacity of the archival material to moderate conditions is marginal whilst HVAC is in operation
6. Projected climate change will increase operation energy load by 15% by 2050 and 24% by 2080
7. Under certain conditions the building can maintain the environment without HVAC system in April, May and December
Centre for Sustainable HeritageThe Bartlett School of Graduate StudiesUniversity College London
The power of evidence
• Transformed thinking and practice in The National Archives
• Demonstrated the potential of computer modelling for our sector
• Realised the potential of research
Developing standards
Act as a guide - measurable attainable goals • Synthesise
of research • Inform policies • Save time and money
Challenges: Shaping policy
• Building the evidence base
• Co-ordinated international research strategy
• The unexpected…………
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