starter activity On 17 July 1975, the US and Soviet spaceships linked up. Read about the events on p.137-8. How significant was this event in the history.

starter activity

On 17 July 1975, the US and Soviet spaceships linked up. Read about the events on p.137-8. How significant was this event in the history of Cold War?

What factors What factors pushed the pushed the

superpowers superpowers towards Détente?towards Détente?

To define keywords: Détente, To define keywords: Détente, Ostpolitik & RealpolitikOstpolitik & Realpolitik

To identify & evaluate 4 causes of To identify & evaluate 4 causes of DétenteDétente

Aims

Significance of Apollo-Significance of Apollo-SoyuzSoyuz

Previous attempts at Previous attempts at sharing technology sharing technology failed, e.g. Baruch failed, e.g. Baruch Plan (1946) & ‘Open Plan (1946) & ‘Open Skies’ (1955)Skies’ (1955)

5 years in the 5 years in the planningplanning

Astronauts conducted Astronauts conducted experiments together experiments together & shared & shared accommodationaccommodation

Received messages Received messages from Ford & Brezhnevfrom Ford & Brezhnev

Televised worldwideTelevised worldwidePresident Ford & Soviet Leader Brezhnev

Your taskYour task

Read p. 138-141 and complete the Read p. 138-141 and complete the table your teacher provides.table your teacher provides.

Your taskYour task

On your chart in highlight in On your chart in highlight in different colours evidence to different colours evidence to suggest that political or suggest that political or economic considerations led economic considerations led to Détente.to Détente.

Read about Henry Kissinger Read about Henry Kissinger on p.141-2.on p.141-2.

Provide 3 pieces of evidence Provide 3 pieces of evidence that Nixon & Kissinger were that Nixon & Kissinger were key players in Détente.key players in Détente.

Nixon & Kissinger

Nixon & KissingerNixon & Kissinger

Kissinger & Nixon encouraged Kissinger & Nixon encouraged improved relations with Chinese -– improved relations with Chinese -– ‘Ping Pong’ diplomacy‘Ping Pong’ diplomacy

Nixon & Kissinger both Republicans Nixon & Kissinger both Republicans with anti-Communist reputations– with anti-Communist reputations– brought right-wing support for Détente brought right-wing support for Détente

Both practical politicians– used Both practical politicians– used realpolitik to establish better relations realpolitik to establish better relations with USSR & Chinawith USSR & China

Your taskYour task

Study the documents in Sewell, ‘The Study the documents in Sewell, ‘The Cold War’ p.107-109 and complete Cold War’ p.107-109 and complete Qs 1-5Qs 1-5

Détente sourcesDétente sources Q1: Gromyko speaks about the need to ‘curb the arms race’, Q1: Gromyko speaks about the need to ‘curb the arms race’,

reduce expenditure, e.g. affordable aid for ‘national liberation’ reduce expenditure, e.g. affordable aid for ‘national liberation’ movementsmovements

Q2: Zhikov speaks about the threat to other Eastern Bloc Q2: Zhikov speaks about the threat to other Eastern Bloc countries if the Soviets are too soft on countries like countries if the Soviets are too soft on countries like CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

Q3 USSR remained committed to aiding ‘national liberation Q3 USSR remained committed to aiding ‘national liberation movements’, i.e. countries like Cuba which had overthrown non-movements’, i.e. countries like Cuba which had overthrown non-Communist regimes but also saw the need for improved relations Communist regimes but also saw the need for improved relations with West, e.g. welcoming Brandt’s Ostpolitik approacheswith West, e.g. welcoming Brandt’s Ostpolitik approaches

Q4: USA aware of the game China was playing by pursuing Q4: USA aware of the game China was playing by pursuing ‘rapprochement’; Nixon viewed Détente as a geopolitical ‘rapprochement’; Nixon viewed Détente as a geopolitical manoeuvre, whilst those on far right wished to see conflict with manoeuvre, whilst those on far right wished to see conflict with supporters of Communismsupporters of Communism

Q5: evidence to support selfishness, e.g. Nixon’s comments on Q5: evidence to support selfishness, e.g. Nixon’s comments on Détente, Soviet concerns over stability in Eastern Europe, Détente, Soviet concerns over stability in Eastern Europe, evidence against, e.g. Gromyko speak about need for evidence against, e.g. Gromyko speak about need for constructive diplomacy, need to ‘loosen up frontiers’ e.g. Berlin constructive diplomacy, need to ‘loosen up frontiers’ e.g. Berlin Wall Wall

PlenaryPlenary

Explain the meaning of these terms: Explain the meaning of these terms: Détente, Ostpolitik & RealpolitikDétente, Ostpolitik & Realpolitik

What was so significant about the What was so significant about the Apollo-Soyuz link-up?Apollo-Soyuz link-up?

Give 4 major causes of DétenteGive 4 major causes of Détente What evidence is there that Détente What evidence is there that Détente

was prompted by essentially selfish was prompted by essentially selfish motives?motives?

Extension readingExtension reading

John Lewis Gaddis, ‘The Cold War’ John Lewis Gaddis, ‘The Cold War’ p.181-4 take notes on Kissinger’s p.181-4 take notes on Kissinger’s reasons for pursuing Détentereasons for pursuing Détente

Jeremy Isaacs, ‘Cold War’, p.319-20 Jeremy Isaacs, ‘Cold War’, p.319-20 take notes on Brandt’s contribution take notes on Brandt’s contribution to Ostpolitik.to Ostpolitik.

HomeworkHomework Produce a factoid on the part played by Produce a factoid on the part played by

Kissinger in promoting Détente. include Kissinger in promoting Détente. include sections on his early political career, his role in sections on his early political career, his role in developing Détente with the USSR, developing Détente with the USSR, rapprochement with China and securing end to rapprochement with China and securing end to war in Vietnam war in Vietnam