starter activity In the centre of the room are cards relating to the discovery of Germ Theory. Get yourself into teams of 6. Each team captain should.

starter activity In the centre of the room are cards relating to the discovery of Germ Theory. Get yourself into teams of 6. Each team captain should then find 6 different cards, take them back to their team and organise themselves in chronological order as quickly as possible. If any team has less than 6 they will have a 10 second head start.

Angry germ!

How important was How important was Robert Koch?Robert Koch?

To understand the To understand the importance of Robert Koch in importance of Robert Koch in

developing ways to study developing ways to study germsgerms

Aims

Your taskYour task

Either read or Either read or listen to the listen to the interview with interview with Robert Koch. Robert Koch. p. 128. p. 128.

Try to guess Try to guess what question what question he was asked he was asked each time.each time.

Your taskYour task

What answer do you think Koch What answer do you think Koch would give to these questions:would give to these questions:

What is your greatest achievement?What is your greatest achievement? How will your research help people How will your research help people

find cures for disease?find cures for disease? What was the most important factor What was the most important factor

in your success?in your success?

Koch’s greatest Koch’s greatest achievementachievement

Identified the bacterium caused anthraxIdentified the bacterium caused anthrax Other bacteria, e.g. typhoid, TB, cholera Other bacteria, e.g. typhoid, TB, cholera

identified in same wayidentified in same way Developed a technique to cultivate Developed a technique to cultivate

bacteria and used dyes to make them bacteria and used dyes to make them visiblevisible

How Koch’s research will How Koch’s research will help find other cureshelp find other cures

Developed a technique Developed a technique for identifying and for identifying and testing the presence of testing the presence of germs over several germs over several generations of animalsgenerations of animals

Created a better Created a better medium for growing medium for growing bacteria – solid bacteria – solid medium in Petri dishesmedium in Petri dishes

Used a purple stain to Used a purple stain to identify the bacteriaidentify the bacteria

Secret of his successSecret of his success Built on previous Built on previous

knowledge (Pasteur & knowledge (Pasteur & Co.)Co.)

Repeated experiments to Repeated experiments to check results (through check results (through 20 generations of mice)20 generations of mice)

Improved testing Improved testing technology, e.g. technology, e.g. developing cultures & developing cultures & dyesdyes

Received government Received government fundingfunding

Work with a team of Work with a team of bacteriologistsbacteriologists Robert Koch, German

scientist in his laboratory

Your taskYour task Read pp. 130-1 very carefully. Read pp. 130-1 very carefully. What factors led to the development of the What factors led to the development of the

new vaccinations?new vaccinations? Design your own germ and draw it in the Design your own germ and draw it in the

centre of your page. Around it create a centre of your page. Around it create a spider diagram identifying the reasons why spider diagram identifying the reasons why diseases were discovered at this time. diseases were discovered at this time. Include the following categories: Include the following categories: observation, new technology, medical observation, new technology, medical knowledge, research teams, individual knowledge, research teams, individual genius, chance, governments, warfare, genius, chance, governments, warfare, other reasonsother reasons

Reasons for the discovery of Reasons for the discovery of diseasesdiseases

ObservationObservation – P conducted experiments – P conducted experiments using sterile flasks in different locations, using sterile flasks in different locations, identifying that particles in air caused identifying that particles in air caused decaydecay

New technologiesNew technologies – K developed better – K developed better ways of growing bacteria & stains to ways of growing bacteria & stains to identify them; P & K used new identify them; P & K used new microscope developed by Listermicroscope developed by Lister

Medical KnowledgeMedical Knowledge – P called his method – P called his method of immunising chickens against cholera of immunising chickens against cholera ‘vaccination’ after Jenner‘vaccination’ after Jenner

Reasons for the discovery of Reasons for the discovery of diseasesdiseases

Research teamsResearch teams – P used teams of – P used teams of vets & doctors; K used teams of vets & doctors; K used teams of bacteriologistsbacteriologists

Individual geniusIndividual genius – P said, ‘chance – P said, ‘chance favours the mind which is prepared’; favours the mind which is prepared’; he built on Jenner’s workhe built on Jenner’s work

ChanceChance – chicken cholera solution – chicken cholera solution left exposed showed that germs left exposed showed that germs were weakened by exposure to airwere weakened by exposure to air

GovernmentsGovernments – P received money – P received money from French govtfrom French govt

Warfare Warfare - rivalry between Fr & - rivalry between Fr & Germany spurred on new discoveriesGermany spurred on new discoveries

Other reasonsOther reasons – better – better communications; pressure to communications; pressure to improve agriculture led to anthrax improve agriculture led to anthrax vaccinevaccine

PlenaryPlenary

What do you think was the most What do you think was the most important factor contributing to the important factor contributing to the development of germ theory?development of germ theory?

HomeworkHomework

Use your spider diagram to write an essay Use your spider diagram to write an essay of 1 side of A4 in answer to this question:of 1 side of A4 in answer to this question:

““Why were the causes of disease finally Why were the causes of disease finally discovered in the 1860s and 1870s?”discovered in the 1860s and 1870s?”

Remember to include an introduction, use Remember to include an introduction, use topic paragraphs and reach a conclusion.topic paragraphs and reach a conclusion.

Use detailed evidence from p.128-132.Use detailed evidence from p.128-132. Avoid telling the story, but identify factorsAvoid telling the story, but identify factors

Extension taskExtension task

Visit the History Learning website to Visit the History Learning website to find out more about Robert Koch and find out more about Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur.Louis Pasteur.

Write an imaginary interview with Write an imaginary interview with PasteurPasteur