B.F. SKINNER 1904 - 1990 - SKINNER BELIEVED THAT CLASSICAL CONDITIONING DIDN’T ALLOW FOR ENOUGH CONTROL OVER AN ORGANISM’S BEHAVIOR - HE SAW IT MORE AS JUST A REFLEX (REACTION) TO A STIMULUS - SKINNER LOOKED TO FIND WAYS TO CONTROL ALL BEHAVIOR - SKINNER USED EXPERIMENTATION WITH THE DEVICE HE INVENTED CALLED THE “SKINNER BOX” - - SKINNER’S THEORY IS KNOWN AS OPERANT
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-SKINNER BELIEVED THAT CLASSICAL CONDITIONING DIDN’T ALLOW FOR ENOUGH CONTROL OVER AN ORGANISM’S BEHAVIOR - HE SAW IT MORE AS JUST A REFLEX (REACTION)
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B.F. SKINNER1904 - 1990
-SKINNER BELIEVED THAT CLASSICAL CONDITIONING DIDN’T ALLOW FOR ENOUGH CONTROL OVER AN ORGANISM’S BEHAVIOR- HE SAW IT MORE AS JUST A REFLEX (REACTION) TO A STIMULUS- SKINNER LOOKED TO FIND WAYS TO CONTROL ALL BEHAVIOR- SKINNER USED EXPERIMENTATION WITH THE DEVICE HE INVENTED CALLED THE “SKINNER BOX”-- SKINNER’S THEORY IS KNOWN AS OPERANT CONDITIONING
- A type of conditioning that connects a given behavior to either reinforcement or punishment. - Unlike Classical Conditioning most times the behavior is voluntary.
OPERANT CONDITIONING
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT – presentation of a positive consequence after a particular behavior in order to increase the likelihood that the behavior will recur.
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT – the attempt to increase the likelihood that a behavior will recur by removing an unpleasant consequence. - Escape Conditioning & Avoidance Conditioning
REINFORCEMENT
SKINNER BOX
SHAPING – THE GRADUAL PROCESS OF SELECTIVELY REINFORCING BEHAVIORS THAT COME CLOSER AND CLOSER TO A DESIRED RESPONSE. *
“BABY BOX”
VARIABLES OF OPERANT CONDITIONING *STRENGTH – THE STRONGER THE REWARD OR PUNISHMENT THE HIGHER THE RESPONSE. MEASURE IN TIME AND DEGREE
TIMING – THE SHORTER THE INTERVAL BETWEEN A BEHAVIOR AND A CONSEQUENCE THE BETTER LIKELIHOOD THE BEHAVIOR WILL BE LEARNED
FREQUENCY – CONTINUATION OF BEHAVIOR IS BASED ON THE SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT