المحاظرة الثالثة / معدية / دكتور اسعد /Shipping fever

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EQUINE

INFLUENZA

SHIPPING FEVER

Highly contagious viral

respiratory disease of horse

characterized by fever and

sever persistent cough

Equine influenza is associated with

infection by equine influenza A/H7N7

or equine influenza A/H3N8

(previously referred to as equine

influenza A2) virus, members of the

influenza virus A genus of the family

Orthomyxoviridae.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Epidemics of equine influenza have

occurred in Europe or North America in

1956 (H7N7), 1963 (H3N8), 1969,

1979, and 1989, the spread of equine

influenza viruses, as exemplified by the

2003 outbreak of equine influenza in

horses in South Africa associated with

a virus from North America and

outbreak was occur in Iraq during 1985.

Sourse of infection

1)droplet infection

2)contaminated food and water

3)semen from infected stallion

The virus stay in semen in 1-6 year

Transmition

*Inhalation of droplet by direct contact

*Ingestion contaminated food and water

*Breeding

Clinical

finding

The disease is start with fever usually 38.5-41c

after incubation period 2-3days .

the most important clinical signs is dry

hacking cough which become moist later ,

there is depression anorexia, anoxia

,stiffness, and immobility .

Infection of eye will cause photophobia and

lacrimation .,congestion of conjunctiva

,purulent lacrimation discharge and

cloudiness of cornea

Duration of disease 3-8 days .

Complication When working horses exposed to

cold whether there is sever cough and

bronchitis , pneumonia , edema of

lung , guttural pouch and chronic

pharyngitis .

Young foals may develop sever

bronchopneoumonia ,high fever

dyspnea and deaeth.

D. Diagnosis

As in strangles

Diagnosis

1-characterstic of the disease

2-viral isolation in early stage in chick Embryo using

deep nasal or pharyngeal swab .

3-serology

a-pained serum sample b-serum neutralization

test

c-CFT d-ELISA

4-Now test rapid test by using nasopharyngeal

smear indirect immunoflorecent

5-necropsy finding. Bronchopneumonia and

discharge

6-Heamatology : leukopenia

TreatmentThere is no specific treatment

but administration of hyperimmunserum

For prophylactic specially for

young horses and give large

dose of broad spectrum

antibiotic or combination

1- Amantadine, Rimantidine (30 mg/kg PO

q 12 hour)

2-Antibiotic treatment should be treated with

broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as

potentiated sulfonamides (15-30 mg/kg, PO,

1M, or IV, every 12 h), ceftiofur (2.2 mg/kg,

1M, every 12 h.

3-Supportive treatment includes rest,

provision of a dust-free environment and, on

occasion, administration of nonsteroidal

anti-inflammatory drugs