1. II. ill. IV. V. 1 . ulti-religious * 041-A00151 ). l **
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*
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1.
II.
ill.
IV.
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(multi-religious
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multi-religious situation) .
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* 2002 {KRF-2002-041-A00151 ). 2 2 } l '. 1 2 .
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History of Korean Religions From the Ancient Priod to Corea Dynasty-
Y oon, Y ee-heum
Korean religion today constitutes the most outstanding forms of
multi-religious situation" in the world. That is, on the one hand, Korean
religion preserves the original forms of world classic religions. On the other
hand, Korean indigenous religions such as Shamanism and new religions coexist
with world classic religions.
The idea of Korean religion under multi-religious situation" is complex and
abstract. Korean religion means a cultural complex which represents Koreans'
religious experiences. Korean people have adopted diverse foreign religions
upon Koreans' general characteristic.
In spite of the diversity, Koran religions have the general characteristic that
can be called tolerant inclusivism." This idea represents Koreans' religious
world view which harmoniously meets the need of the times. Tolerant
inclusivism is a core of Korean thought in that it is found not only in Korean
indigenous religions but also in pure-orthodox doctrines" of imported world
religions. The harmony of Korean religions means practical and empirical
harmony with others in reality of life." N ow we call the practical norm and
ideal of tolerant inclusivism as han-mut (great wonderfulness)."
The history of Korean religion with han-mut" can be divided in three
periodical orders. The first is the ancient period of Korea called old Chosun."
Magic was the main religious form. Three indigenous religious traditions in this
period were Shamanism , belief in Supreme Being, and self-cultivation practices.
Once Chinese characters were adopted to ancient Korea, it caused the upheaval
called the first cultural shock."
The second period can be defined from the first cultural shock to Chosun
dynasty. The Chinese characters became a primal cause of step forward which
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led pre-historic period to ancient period. This also made Korea follow Chinese
culture. 1n Three N ations period, although magic was still dominant, oriental
classic religions were adopted and began flourishing. Thse classic religions
became a metaphysical canon which could criticize th self and the world.
They were different from pre-historic religions in truth-questing aspects.
Confucianism became an intelligent characteristic and constitutional ideology,
but it excluded the lower class. Buddhism, however, had effect on all social
classes as Buddhism mixed th classic ideas with magic.
Corea dynasty stood in between the Three N ations period and Chosun
dynasty period. It means that this period was laid on a very complex situation
and also revealed social and cultural chaos. The primary reason of such a
chaotic multi-religious situation in Corea dynasty was the confusion of Corea
governments policies. The secondary reason was the absence of one dominant
religion. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in Corea became secularized so
that they lost their function as classic religions and developed the history of
religion intrrelating with Korean indigenous religions.
Chosun was a typical classic dynasty founded on Confucianism. However,
after two major wars with Japan and China in the middle period, Chosuns
social order was seriously broken. At the end of Chosun, Christianity was
planted with modern technology and western culture that caused the second
cultural shock."
N ow the history of Korean religion is in the third period and bears an
unprecedented multi-religious situation in the world. That situation in Korea is
the miniature of plural-culture situation" in the present world, So, to
understand the history of Korean religion would be helpful to understand the
history of world religion.
Key words: Korean religion, The history of Korean religions, multi-religious
situation, tolerant inclusivism , experiential realism , han-mut, magic,
shamanism , high-god, self-discipline tradition, culture shock period,
classic religion, Confucianism , Buddhism.
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