Victory in Europe and the Pacific Ch. 14.4
Dec 19, 2015
Victory in Europe and the Pacific
Ch. 14.4
Victory in Europe Roosevelt Dies
April 12, 1945 President Roosevelt dies unexpectedly from a cerebral hemorrhage.
Vice Pres. Harry S. Truman takes the oath of office.
Germany Crumbles Even as allied troops advance into
Germany, Hitter declares, “We shall never capitulate-never.”
Victory in Europe
War in Europe Ends On April 30th as Soviet tanks stood outside
Berlin, Hitler commits suicide. May 8, 1945 Germany surrendered, ending
the war in Europe Proclaimed V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
Pacific Theater Bataan Death March
May 1942 Japan takes control of Philippines American & British soldiers forced to march
65 miles across Philippines Major turning points
Coral Sea and Midway Coral Sea is a “push” but stops Japan’s
advancement in to Australia Allies begin Island hoping after Midway to win
back territory from the Japanese Feb. 1945 Philippines were taken back by the
Allies
Pacific Theater cont.
Iwo Jima Feb. 1945, 750 Miles from Tokyo
After one month of fighting was also taken
Ryku Islands & Okinawa took one month & 45,000 American
lives Invasion of Japan was now open would involve huge casualties be a
desperate struggle
Defeat of Japan
Atomic Bomb Secret weapon: U.S. warns Japan to surrender
or face “prompt and utter destruction”. Japan refuses to surrender
August 6, 1945 U.S. drops bomb on Hiroshima (2/3 city was destroyed, 70,000+ killed, 40,000 injured seriously).
August 9, 1945 second bomb is dropped on Nagasaki (40,000 killed)
September 2, 1945 Japan signed for surrender.
The End of WWII
Ch. 14.5
War’s Aftermath
Alliance breaks apart Differences grow between the Allies
Differences over reparations & fate of governments in E. Europe
Allies favor free elections 1948 pro-Soviet governments est. in E. Europe.
Stalin wants to spread communism & create a buffer
Cold War begins
Establishing the United Nations Established after the war to help keep peace
among nations. The Security Council has the power to apply
sanctions or send peace-keepers to try to resolve disputes.
The UN has also worked to improve health and offer relief aid around the world
Truman Doctrine
President Truman outlined a policy of resisting Soviet expansion
Gave Military and economic aid to countries fighting communism
Policy of “containment”
Marshall Plan
To help keep communism from taking hold in Western Europe, the U.S.
sent billions of dollars in aid to help rebuild
Stalin declined aid for both U.S.S.R & E. Europe
NATO and the Warsaw Pact
Tensions grew over the split within Germany, and distrust fueled the
establishment of two alliances: