" Resource use efficiency in crops: “Green super rice” to increase water and nitrogen use efficiency of rice"

Green super rice to be resource saving and environment friendly

Yu Sibin

Huazhong Agricultural University, China

Outline Constraints in crop production Rice production in China Concept and practices of Green

Super Rice Significance of Green Super Rice

The main constraints imposed on crop production

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Crop Production

Climate Change

Environmental Impact

Population Demand

Tester and Langridge, 2010, Science

from en.wikipedia.org, and chinadaily.com.cn

The global demand for crop production

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Nature 2014, 514, S50–S51

Rice is the staple food

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Rice production in China

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1949

15000

20000

25000area（m hm2）Yield （ kg/hm2）

Total yield( m t)

1953

0

5000

10000

1957

1961

1965

1969

1973

1977

1981

1985

1989

1993

1997

2001

2005

2009

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Main problems in rice production

Severe damage of diseases and pests, overuse pesticide

High pressure of yield increase, excessive use fertilizer

Water shortage, frequent occurrence of drought Low efficient use water

Quality and yield 7

51015202530354045505560

01975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005

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95

115

135

155

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1. 5

2. 5

3. 5

4. 5

5. 5

6. 5

1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013

PesticidesFertilizersRiceWheatMaize

Fert

ilize

rs（m

illio

n to

n）

Pest

icid

es（×

1000

0 to

n）

Excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers in China

Yiel

d（t

on/h

a）

http://www.stats.gov.cn/8

Water shortage and its efficient use

Rice consumes about 50% water of agricultural production in China

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Notion of Green Super Rice

Less pesticides Less fertilizers Water saving and drought

resistance High yield and superior

quality

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►Adequate resistances to major diseases and insects

►High efficiency in nutrient uptake and utilization

►Resistance to drought and other abiotic stresses

►Good grain quality► Increased yield potential

Characteristics of green super rice

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Super rice

Genes from non-rice sourcesTransgenic

Marker-aided orGenome-based Traditional breeding

Genes from rice germplasm

Green super rice

Strategies for the GSR development

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Categories of the isolated genes

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MR63(Xa21) MR63(CK)

Resistant to pests

Resistant to diseases

Good quality High yielding

efficient nutrient use

Green super rice

Drought tolerance

Slide from Zhang Q 14

Pyramided desirable genes leads to GSR

Bph3 is a cluster of three genes encoding lectin receptor kinases.

Introgression of Bph3 into susceptible rice varieties significantly enhanced resistance to both the brown and the white back planthopper.

These lectin kinase genes function together to confer broad-spectrum and durable insect resistance

Liu et al 2014, Nat Biotechnol

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Han et al. 2015, Annu. Rev. Genet

Indica varieties show higher nitrate uptake than japonica

NRT1.1B introgression improves NUE

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Deng et al. 2015, Nat Genet

dep1 DEP1

The dep1 allele increases N uptake

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Sun et al. 2014, Nat Genet

Nature, 2012

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DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) increases rice yield under drought conditions

Uga et al. 2013, Nat Genet

The GSR Project in ChinaDuration： 2014-2018Budget： 21.1 million US$Partner institutions: 27

5 themes: gene discovery, breeding design, genomic selection platform, develop and disseminate GSR, crop management.

The goal: to benefit billion rice farmers and to boost rice productivity by 8 % in the target regions with 30% less input.

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Large-scale demonstration of HHZ grown under direct-seeded and low input conditions

Variety Treat Output/ Productivityinput kg ¥-1

HHZ NN 1.97 0.68 LN 1.89 0.65 L input 2.14 0.74

YLY NN 1.63 0.63 LN 1.64 0.63 L input 1.69 0.65

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From Dr. Peng SB

Drought resistance rice varieties in farmers’ fields

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From Dr. Luo L

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Large-scale demonstration of green super rice in Mozambique

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Candijay (RVII)Apolinar Asa

Bohol,WS2013Climate Smart GSR cultivar

GSR IR1-8-S6-S3-Y2

6. Drought:(18DAT-Flowering)

4. Submergence:4 days

5. Recovery

3.Salinity:4 DAT

2. Nursery:15d TPL

1. Land

7.Flowering

8.Harvest: 1.2t/ha

Obien et al 2013

91-24-14 kg NPK/ha

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50.3%16%

20%

10 %

1%

LimitWater

Overuse nutrients

Rain-fed

Excess use of pesticides, fertilizers and water

Ongoing GSR activities

Determination of target-specific traits Integration of platforms Procedure of evaluating and releasing

GSR Establishment of efficient crop

management Capability building for GSR tech

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Promotes resource use efficiency in rice production.

A kind of varieties with green traits, also efficient and environmental-friendly crop management.

Needed for ecological intensification of crop production system.

Influenced the prioritization of research direction and changes in agricultural policies.

Significance of green super rice

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AcknowledgementGSR Network: HUA, CAAS, SAGC, IRRI, other collaboratorsFunding: MOST, China; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation