4.2 ORGANELLES
4.2 ORGANELLES
CELL BOUNDARIES Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Function: Surrounds cell Allows specific things things in and out
(homeostasis)
Fact: Selectively permeable – allows water and
nutrients to in, waste out Made of phospholipids
Found in: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
CELL BOUNDARIES Cell Wall
Function: Surrounds cell membrane to provide extra
support and protection
Fact: Made of cellulose in plants
Found in: Prokaryotes Eukaryotes (plants)
1. Cell membrane
2. Cell wall
CELL CONTROL Nucleus
Function: Controls the organelles Contains DNA – gives instructions for
making proteinsFact:
“Command center” or “brain” of the cell Most prominent structure
Found in: Eukaryotes Nucleus
Nucleus
CELL CONTROL Chromatin
Function: Condense to form chromosomes in
nucleus
Fact: Strands of DNA that look
like spaghetti
Found in: Eukaryotes
CELL CONTROL Nucleolus
Function: Makes ribosomes
Fact: Found inside the nucleus
Found in: Eukaryotes
Nucleolus
Nucleolus
CELL CONTROL Ribosomes
Function: Makes proteins
Fact: Made of RNA Can be free in cytoplasm or attached to
ER
Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
Ribosomes
CELL CONTROL Nuclear Envelope/Membrane
Function: Controls what enters/exits the nucleus
Fact: Surrounds the nucleus
Found in: Eukaryotes
CELL CONTROL Centrioles
Function: Involved in cell reproduction
Fact: Made from microtubules 2 are paired at right angles
Found in: Eukaryotes (animal cells)
CELL ASSEMBLY Cytoplasm
Function: Suspends/holds organelles Site of chemical reactions
Fact: Contains clear gel-like fluid called cytosol
Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
CELL ASSEMBLY Round Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Function: Produces proteins
Fact: Helps move molecules
throughout the cell
Found in: Eukaryotes
CELL ASSEMBLY Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Function: Produces lipids (steroids) Detoxifies poisons
Fact: Helps move molecules
throughout the cell
Found in: Eukaryotes
CELL ASSEMBLY Golgi Apparatus
Function: Processes, packs, and secretes proteins
and lipids
Fact: Works closely with ER Flattened stack of
membranes
Found in: Eukaryotes
Golgi
CELL ASSEMBLY Vacuole
Function: Stores food, water, waste, proteins, carbs
Fact: Helps maintain homeostasis
Found in: Eukaryotes (plants have a
LARGE vacuole)
Vacuole
CELL ASSEMBLY Lysosomes
Function: Uses enzymes to digest old
organelles and foreign objects (bacteria, viruses)
Fact: “Suicide sacs”
Found in: Eukaryotes
Lysosome
CELL ASSEMBLY Ever wonder how a tadpole gets rid of its
tail and grows legs????
It’s lysosomes digest the cells in the tail, and these molecules are released to build different cells, like legs!
ENERGY TRANSFORMERS Chloroplast
Function: Capture light and convert
it to chemical energy during photosynthesis
Fact: Glucose (sugar) is made
Found in: Eukaryotes (plants)
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
ENERGY TRANSFORMERS Mitochondria
Function: Breaks down food into ATP
energy during cellular respiration
Fact: “Powerhouse” of the cell
Found in: Eukaryotes
SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION Cytoskeleton
Function: Maintains the shape & supports the cell
Fact: Made of microfilaments &
microtubules Found throughout the
cytoplasm
Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
Microtubules
SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION Cilia
Function: Movement of cells or fluids
Fact: Short hair-like fibers
Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
SUPPORT & LOCOMOTION Flagella
Function: Movement of cells
Fact: Long hair-like fibers
Found in: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
Flagella
Cilia
http://www.youtube.com/user/ecrouch7#p/a/f/0/1IqsE8CVTms
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rABKB5aS2Zg&feature=related
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Organelles
CellsTissuesOrgansOrgan systemsOrganisms
ANIMAL & PLANT COMPARISON
Have centrioles No chloroplasts No cell walls
Do not have centrioles
Have chloroplasts Have cell walls
Animal Cells Plant Cells