{ Philosophy and TOK How it works. “Philosophy is a demanding field that develops your analytical and problem-solving capacity and ability to formulate.

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Philosophy and TOK

How it works

“Philosophy is a demanding field that develops your analytical and problem-solving capacity and ability to formulate cohesive and persuasive arguments. Studying philosophy also broadens perspective, since philosophy examines questions from every angle possible, a trait that links well to studies in other disciplines. “ ~Georgetown University

Why Study Philosophy?

Thales ~ Greece

Thales Philosopher Thales of Miletus was a pre-

Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus in Asia Minor, and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regard him as the first philosopher in the Greek tradition.

Born: 624 BC, Miletus, Turkey

Died: 546 BC

Socrates ~ Greece

Socrates was a classical Greek Athenian philosopher. Credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers,

“I know that I know nothing” Born: 469 BC, Athens, Greece Died: 399 BC, Athens, Greece Full name: Socrates Spouse: Xanthippe Children: Menexenus, Lamprocles

, Sophroniscus Parents: Sophroniscus,

Phaenarete

Plato ~ Greece

Plato was a philosopher in Classical Greece. He was also a mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

Born: 427 BC, Athens, Greece Died: 347 BC, Athens, Greece Full name: Plato Parents: Perictione,

Ariston of Athens

Aristotle ~ Greece

Aristotle Philosopher Aristotle was a Greek

philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Born: 384 BC, Stagira, Greece

Died: 322 BC, Chalcis, Greece Full name: Aristotle Education: Platonic Academy

(367 BC–347 BC) Children: Nicomachus,

Pythias

Thomas Aquinas ~ Europe

Thomas Aquinas, O.P., also Thomas of Aquin or Aquino, was an Italian Dominican friar and priest and an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism, within which also known as the "Doctor Angelicus”. classical proponent of natural theology, ethics, natural law, metaphysics, and political theory

Born: January 28, 1225, Roccasecca, Italy

Died: March 7, 1274, Fossanova Abbey, Priverno, Italy

Education: University of Naples Federico II

Rene Descartes~ Europe

René Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic. 'Father of Modern Philosophy‘

father of analytical geometry key figure in the

Scientific Revolution Born: March 31, 1596, Descartes,

Indre-et-Loire, France Died: February 11, 1650,

Stockholm, Sweden Nationality: French Education: University of Poitiers,

Prytanée National Militaire Parents: Joachim Descartes, Jeanne

Brochard

Immanuel Kant ~ Europe

Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who is widely considered to be a central figure of modern philosophy. He argued that human concepts and categories structure our view of the world and its laws, and that reason is the source of morality. Born: April 22, 1724, Königsberg, Germany

Died: February 12, 1804, Königsberg, Germany

Nationality: German Education: University of Königsberg Parents: Johann Georg Kant,

Regina Dorothea Reuter

Friedrich Nietzche

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philologist, philosopher, cultural critic, poet and composer.

questioning of any doctrine that drains one's expansive energies, however socially prevalent those ideas might be

Born: October 15, 1844, Röcken, Germany

Died: August 25, 1900, Weimar, Germany

Movies: The Divine Comedy, Thus Spake Zarathustra, Carbon Elvis, Road to Rio, Die Nacht

Siblings: Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, Ludwig Joseph Nietzsche

Education: University of Bonn (1864–1865), Pforta (1858–1864), University of Leipzig

Confucius ~ China

Confucius was a Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history.

emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity

Golden rule Born: 550 BC, Lu Died: 479 BC, Lu Full name: Kong Qiu Spouse: Qiguan Children: Kong Li

Siddhartha ~ India

Gautama Buddha, also known as Siddhārtha Gautama[note 1], Shakyamuni,[note 2], or simply the Buddha, was a sage[2] on whose teachings Buddhism was founded

Buddha means "awakened one" or "the enlightened one

a Middle Way between sensual indulgence and the severe asceticism

{ {Existentialism

philosophical thinking begins with the human subject—not merely the thinking subject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual. In existentialism, the individual's starting point is characterized by what has been called "the existential attitude", or a sense of disorientation and confusion in the face of an apparently meaningless or absurd world

Post Structuralism

instability in the human sciences, due to the complexity of humans themselves and the impossibility of fully escaping structures in order to study them.

Common Philosophical Theories

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is a form of inquiry and discussion between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to illuminate ideas. It is a dialectical method, often involving a discussion in which the defense of one point of view is questioned; one participant may lead another to contradict himself in some way, thus strengthening the inquirer's own point.

The phrase Socratic questioning is used to describe a kind of questioning in which an original question is responded to as though it were an answer. This in turn forces the first questioner to reformulate a new question in light of the progress of the discourse.

Socratic Method

How do the teachings of the philosophers impact our study of TOK?

In what ways can you apply traditional philosophical teachings to your subject areas?

Can you apply these philosophies to areas of your life?

Question..