hornbillunleashed.files.wordpress.com · ^..PffiW SUSTAINABTE FOREST MANAGEMENI AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIA Following ITTO Mission 1989/1990 \ le, hnical RPporl

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SUSTAINABTE FOREST MANAGEMENIAND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIAFollowing ITTO Mission 1989/1990

\ le, hnical RPporl bv l-oro.l Dep.'rlmenl 5drr!\-l

&*YSUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENTAND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN

SARAWAK, MALAYSIA

Following the 1989/1990 ITTO Missjon

A Technical Report by Forest Department Sarawak

A1.5 Education and Training

A1 5.1 Sarawak T mber lndusiry Deve opment Corporation

41 5.2 Sarawak T mberAssociation

A2 Reduc ng the Total Area of the Annual Cut

A2.1 Sustainable Forest I\,4anagemeni

A2.2 Prolects on SFM

A2.2.1 lndustrial Tree P antation

A2.2.2 Log Track ng System

A2.2.3 Model Forest [/]anagerrent Area

42 2.4 The Anap [/]uput Foresi l\,4anagement LJnit

43 lmprovement of the Standards of Catchment Protection in the H ll DipterocarpT mber Production Forests

A3.1 lnstitutiona and Legls atve Supports

A3.1.1 Natural Resources and Environment Board

A3.1.2 Water Ordinance 1994

A3.1.3 Department of Drainage and lrrigaton R paran Buffers

B. Recommendalions for lnternationa Cooperat on and Assisiance

B1 Ass stance from ITTO

82 Assistance from Other lnternat onal Donors

6. Conc us on

Annex 1. Reso ut on 1(Vl) adopted at the Slxth Session of the ITTC in Abidjan, C6ted'lvoire, 16-24 N4ay 1989

Annex2.Decision3(Vlll)adoptedatiheEighthSessionoithe|TTCjnDenpasarBai,lndonesia, 16-23 N4ay 1990

Annex 3. Decls on 3(lX) adopted atthe Ninth Sess on of the TTC in Yokohama 16-23November 1990

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Execulive Summory

ln the eighties, there weTe seT ous conceTns about ihe forestry situation in Sarawak from certainquarters with allegations of'overcuiting itsforests practisingdestructiveloggingandunrestranejdeforestat on'. W th n the perspectives of such alegat ons, the Governm;;t;f Sarawak nviie.jthe ITTO to send an independent miss on to assess the susta nable ut lization and conservaironof ts loresi resources and make recommendations for further strengthen ng of sustanareforest managenent po icies and practices ncluding areas of intern;ional iooperation ancass stance. The f ndlngs of the Mission were discussed by the ITTC at its Eighih Session helCin Bali, 16 to 23 l\,4ay 1990 The l\,4 ssion found that there were ,rlany admirable features inSarawak forestry', as we I as 'a strongly demonstrated commitmeni to sustainable managementand conservation for Sarawak', but there was room for improvement From their flndings thel\,4 ssion recommended, first y that Sarawak mustact on (i) strengthening the Forest Depanment,(i ) reducing ihe tota area of the annual cut, and ( ii) improv ng the standards of catchmentprotecUon in ihe hill dipierocarp timber production forests. Secondiy, the Mission recornmendedthe ITTO and international donor commun tyto assist Sarawak in (ijmanpower development, (i)long-terrn outlook, and (iii) internationa assistance. At the Ninth Session held n yokohama, l6to 23 November 1990, ihe TTC decided to accepl the fnd ngs ofthe M ssion Report and calledfor rnternational cooperation io fully suppori and assist the covernment of Malaysia and theState Governrnent of Sarawak to implement the recornmendations ofthe IVission. ihe SarawakGovernment has taken approprate and necessaryactons on these recommendations, and thisreport describes the progress and ach evements that have been made.

lt..

Acknowledgemenl

ir behalf of Forest Department Sarawak lwoud ike lo record our appreciaia- :: i-:i-oht Honorabe the Chef N,4nster ol Sarawak, Pehn Sr Hi. Abdul Tab N4ahml. _: - 3

'a'sghtedness n lnvitng the lTfO Mssion io Sarawak n 1989 to hep mprove susraT:.:':iest management and b odiversity conservation n the State.

The Misslon wou d not have been poss b e w thout the support of ITTO and donors Austra a.le.mark, Fnand Japan, the Netherlands. NoMay. Sweden, Swtzerand and the ljn tedK ngdom. We are also grateful to Japan Swltzer and, USA Repub c of Korea and NoMay for'lnanc ng the TTO prolects n Sarawak.

woud ikeio thank Datuk Amar Awang Hj. Tengah Al Hasan. Second l\4in ster ofthe Ministryol Resource P ann ng and Environment Tan Sr Datuk Amar Hj l\,lohamad N4orshidi b n AbduGan State Secretary Sarawak; Datu Hj. Len Ta f Sa leh Ass stant l\,4inlster of the I\4 n stry ofResource P anning and Environrnent and Datu Hj. Sudarsono Osman Permanent Secretary tothe IVin stry for the r va uable sLrggestions and advice.

aso acknowledge ihe followlrg for ther contrbutions to the preparaton of this technicarep0rt:

S:'?\.rak Forestry Corporation Sarawak Timber lndustry Deve opment Coporaton, ITTO:- .::-.: Sarawak T rnbeT Association, Sarawak B od vers ty Centre, Dr E. Soepadmo oftheTree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak Project, Dr Joseph Jawa Kendawang of Sarawak P antedForest Sdn Bhd, IVr D on Tee, and lvlr Peter Wee of Anna Photo Studio for provid ng valuableinformat on and/or photoqraphs.

[4any offcers of Sarawak Forestry Corporation; N4inistry of Resource Panning andEnvironmentt Sarawak Tmber ndustry Deve opmeni Corporation and Forest Departmeni foriheir inpuls n one way or another.

Dr Pau P K Cha for preparing the report. Dato' B C Y Freezaiah for editing and provid ngadd tiona informat on, and I\4s Wi helmina C uny for geti ng ready the report for pub icatton

Last but not the least HaMood TimberSdn Bhd for sponsoring thewrting and prlntjng ofthereport.

Datu HajiAliYusopDirector of Forests.Forest Department Sarawak

15 October 2012

Abbreviotions ond Acronyms

BANPBKNPCSIU

DANIDAdbhDIDDPRDOEEAEAFAOFDSFITECFMUGEFHDT-

HoBCTTPTTCITTOK]V]NPLEWSLPIf,{c&MDF

MTCSNCRNREBNTFPPABCPATN ogglngPEFCPFE

RBSRILR&D

SFI\.4

STASTATSTIDCSWI\,1PISWRCTBCA

WCSUNDPVJR

Batang A National ParkBetung Kerihun Nalional ParkCornmunity Serv ce ln tiatve Lln I

Dansh lnternationa DevelopmentAgencyd ameter breast heightDeparlnrent of Drainage and lrrigationDaily Product RetlrrnDepartment of Environrnent I\4a aysiaExecuiing AgencyEnvironmental lmpact AssessmeniFood and Agricu ture Organ zat onForest Deparlment SarawakForest lndustries Training and Educaton Council. New Zea andForesi N,4anagemenl UnitGlobal Environmenial Fac iiyHill Dipterocarp Forest

nformat on, CommLrn calon and Technotogynduslrla Tree P antai onnlernatona Tropica T mber CoLrncnternallona Trop ca Tmber Organ zaton

Kayan lventarang National ParkLanjak Entimau W ld fe SanctuaryLog Producton lndenlity[4a aysian Criteria and ndicatorsMixed Dipterocarp ForestModel Forest l\,lanagementAreaMalays an Tinber Certificalion SchemeNat ve Customary RightsNatural Resources and Environmenl BoardNoni mber forest productsProtectedAreas and B odiversity ConservaUonAsyslem of reduced impaci logg ng in the l\,4FI\,,IA

P'oq'a- ne Io' E_do<e.le_l of Eorecr C.li'i.ar onPermanent Forest EslateProject mplenrentation Framework

Pu ong Ta! Nationa ParkRoyalty B ing SystemReduced mpact logg ngResearch and Deve opmentSarawak Forestry CorporaiionSustainable Foresi N,lanageraentSarawak T mberAssoc aiionSarawak T mberAssocaiion Trc ning Sdn BhdSa.a,{ak T' nber _d.(_t Dere oprenr Co.po.arorSuppori to Wild ife l\,4aster P an mplementatonSarawak Waier Resources CouncilTransboundary B od versiiy Conservaton AreaTotally Protected AreaWildlife Conservat on Soc etyUn ted Nations Developrnent PlansV rg n Jung e Reserve

The alarm ng rates of deforestat on and degradat on of the world,s troplcal rain forests ed toa raging controversy in the eightes. The trop cal forest cTs s was attribLrted to over loggngand a boy'(OLt o' fop'cal li'rber wac pres(rioed ov ceiai. pa-rres. Saraadk. oeilg a i;jo:exporter of tirnber, rece ved its share of cr ticisms, w th w ld allegations of destructiv6 logg ng,and unrestrarned deforestation which was destroy ng the trad tionai rfe of local commurrtits.

-

To counter these allegations, the Rght Hon Chief l\,linlster ol Sarawak attended ihe SxthSesslon of the International Trop cal T mber Counci (ITTC) wh ch was he d in Abidjan, C6tedlvoire 16to24N,4ay1989 and n his address to the Council exp ained the forestry s tuationin Sarawak. He concuded his address by nvitng lhe ITTO to send an rndependeat missonto Sarawak to assess the situat on through 'groundtruthing'. ln lssu ng the nvitation the RightHon. Ch ef I\,,1 nister assured Council thal the m ssion cou d v s t any parl of Sarawak, consu twth anyone to provde re evant nformaUon, and the Government would assst wth ogisticalsupport to faciitate the work of the mission Such an invitaton was unprecedented ninternational forestry cooperation and was haled as being generous, coLtrageous andirnaginative' by Duncan Poore in 'No Forests without Trees,' pu6lished in .1989.

The ITTO readily welcomed the invltation by Sarawak to send an ndependent misson andadopted Reso ut on TTO I (Vl) at ils Slxth ITTC Session (Annex 1 ).

The Misson was ed by the Earl of Cranbrook. The menrbers weTe Jaime Munoz.ReyesNavarro from Bo va, John Francois from Ghana. Sumarsono Martsosudigdo fiomlndones a, Katsuhiro Kotari from Japan, Hans Kr Seip from Norway Fmnk H Waldsworthfrom USA, Morten Bjorner from Denmark, A J Loslie ffom Austra a, and Duncan poorefrom the UK. Accompany ng the M ssion was the then Executive Director of TTO Dato, B C yFreezailah. The work of the lviss on was f nanced by Australia, Denmark, F n and. Japan, iheNet_e'ards. Nonva). Sweden. Switzela-d ano Lhe a-it"d K ngdor.

The M ssion v s ted Sarawak during the per od of November 1989 to March 1990. Dur ng thefrstv s t ihe I\/lission members were g ven briefings by a I re evant agenc es and departments onthe r acilvties related to the foreslry and timber sectors. The Miss on planned their programmesdur ng the subsequent v s ts for which Sarawak prov ded the fac lities and logist cal support.Thus during the three visits the Misson got an overal picture of the situation ln Sarawakthrough nspection ofdocumentsand lterature, fieldvis tsto d fferentforests timbeTconcessions.logg ng operat ons, forest industries, research p ots, agroJor-astry prolects. nat onal parks andwildlfe sanctuar es, and meet ngs and dialogues wth re evant government departrnents, localcommunites and individuals in many parts ofthe State.

The Misslon produced the rcpor. The Promotion af Sustainable Farest Managenent: A CaseStudy in Sarawak. The fnd ngs covered a w de spectrum of subjects on suata nable t mberyield, sustainable catchment management, biological diversity and economic sustainabilty.It made recommendations for action by the Governments of Sarawak and l\,4alaysia and fornternational cooperation and assistance.

The eader of the M ssion presented iis report at the Eighth Session of the ITTC wh ch washed n Bali, lndonesia, 16 to 23 May 1990. tn its Decision (Annex 2), the ITTC comr.endedMalaysia and the State of Sarawak for the r cooperation to facjltate the work of the Miss on.and a I l\4 ssion rnembers for iheir ded cation in undefiaking iheir task. At lts N nth Sessionheld in Yokohama, 16 to 23 November 1990, the tTTC dec ded (Annex 3) to acceptihe f ndings ofthe Misson Reporl and caled for nternationa cooperation to fully sLrppod and assistthe Government of Malaysia and the State Government of Sarawak to mplement therecommendations ofthe IViss on.

This report presents a summary of the task findings, assessment and recomrnendations ofthe ITTO [,1iss on and describes the actions that were iaken by the Sarawak Government withrespect to the recommendat ons.

To enab e a fu I and oblective assessTnent the Misson approached theirtask atthree Levels

the po icy level the eve throLrgh wh ch measures were taken n order to ach eve the polcy orstrategy, and the leve ofthe mpementatonofthepolcyandstrategyinthefeld.TheMissonspent three perods n Sarawakr 29 Novernber to 8 December 1989, 13 to 24 February 1990and 19 to 31 fi4arch 1990.

The [,,lssion s task was to:

. see what f anyth ng, is wrong with the po cy, the strategy or the T implementaton nrespect ofthe range ofservices vaues productsanddesiredcondltons, ndvdualyorcolective y;

i show why t s wrong and thus be in a posit on to:i . recornmend what lnrprovements are needed and possbe and how to put thenr into

v. propose a prograrame of local and internatonal cooperaion and assistance to ihatend.

The lask was organ zed to evaluate separate aspects of sustainab lity for:

a)timber productonb) catchment manaqement,c) biologica d vers ty, andd) the econom c sustalnab lity of natura forest management and the industres relying

FI 3. The Mission's FindingsThe fndlngs are classifed into foursummarized

categories. lmportant iind ngs for each category are

3.1 Sustainabitity of Timber yietd

The I\,4 ssion observed that the future ofs-<1a'nable fote.r., .o, Lirber prod cLo-'esled uoon .^o ro. -dorions. i.e drea"vaiable . pe-petui, vt.r,.r .ne S.o.. .o.I "r0.' orodL_trol tt .e Perr,rrent co-estEsta'e o' DtrE. ono t'e erp.r.eo , eto 1omths a ea. llc tern Lnoe. r.fer.eo Lo lroodand wood prodLtcts in all forms, from fue woodto tre -osr -,g1rv spe.'r,tFd fo,e .e-ee.5usefr i e.h-r ocr, o- e.po-r 1a.-els.. -oeterr" s-stai.aor.r o. ) eo ejer,eo to..d lalerthdt nar ba drtat.eo pe-perud,t)," -ha [,/.j<.oraso no'ed liat'lne (.sta,-ed \te.d o. rron.noola_[ /alue< o.f.e. t-a- r,roer -o, oi'noai ed o, u-res..a,red proour.io, of t,.rbe,

Variolrs aspects oftimber susta nability were noted nclucling among others:

i. ln Sarawak pr mary forests were the ch ef sources oftirnber harvest As this foresl wasrep aced by res duat cufover forests, the future .*t"i"uoL ti,"*o"iyi"ia *l"uri o"p"njon the rate of ncrement in the cut-over forestsi

ii. Tmber sustainab lity would be affected by species compositon. as some speceswere more marketable than others because of aiitterences n theli wooO ariA vla ue:ii, To achieve_stable yeds, the rate of converston from primary iorest to oroclLrct vesecondary forest must ensure the rate of ftow or ti.o"i in f,! ,i"-*"iio'i"" .uo"uniform over time. Thrs would favour contnutty in toggng, erplovr;"( i*.nr".drd .iTber eypon<. fiTber q.a,ri co-to oe susra.reJ o, ..n i.it,i"j,'r',.",^,ot*aha n1 e-t o. Tat-riiy o/ tne best .;ees ln" ."rorri a*iia' '

iv. Timber plantations could serve as a further source of tmber yreld. Certain specreswere more productive with hioher voume than natural for".ti, -u

ii,o,iq; i1.," *oo,fwoLr d oe nore -se.u br.iore a--o o$er n r;t e

l\la_y -:esoIrFe dro r\o . o co.rperp w .l use ds o-od_ulo- fores-s, ou.n ds useforplote(tron Ol carchTe-.s ano f.ag'te SOis, ano for t-e oTeservai o. "i ","r""",0 ver. 1r. he-e 1. st ba oecisions aDo,r lhe anou-r o.,a.d ro be at oiatea o ea?'ithe uses:

9:^r]:--,I ]1.:". ,:o, d d+ecr .Le o-o<oecrq ro- s-srar-ab. ralage.re-. -oLob/Inroug_ sr t ng .c-lt varion a-o oisp-res o/er a-d -gL.s

"-ct ,",ei"its rn",

"Jlfnrc'edse coct of oggi-g Mos. otlrc corru, rie. ."ecoq.zeo t.r"- ar"rtr"a. ".jo9gr g ro t^e eco-o.ry ar d dro 1ot obiect to togg nq oui ro iie i;";j; ;';";and how it was condLrctedl

On research ther-. was lack of accurate assessment of the forest resources: thep'esent ^.tworL oi -esea.cu pors d'd -or cove- reo-ese"trLie a,ea. of rn" .oi.s s:

f-":5, ir: -ol enou91 resea.ch nto retorestdrion ano pa.tato-.r"io".u"r, ""ion rne p.ooente5. uses a-d pore-tia,.ra..ets o. esserlio\l-spece:;

vt,

VI

4.1 Overall Assessment

r Sustainabe foreslry n Sara,,.,'a( aa-C ce aaheved and had been acheved in someasPects but not n others:

r Forest rnanagement n Sarawak y/as of a much hgher standard than that n rnost othertropica timber produc ng coLJntr es and even some developed countr es

However, there was concern about sustarnab lity of ut lzation ofthe foresi n three aspects.Firstly, State land foresi was destned for conversion after logg ng thus continu ty of forestproductivity on that and woud be ost Secondly, differences occurred on land where forestwas retained ( .e. PFE). ln the peat swamp forest, susta ned timber yield was ach eved for a lspecies except Tamin (Gonyslylus bancanus).ln the h I d pterocarp forest (HDF) managementpanning was good but execution woud need to be mproved. Thrcly regional differencesoccuffed n respect of population dens ty pressures of shifting cu tivation remoteness, etc.

The overal assessment was that n some respects and n sorne parts management forsustanabe uilzation of Sarawak's forest s excellent in some good in some med ocre andn others poor.

4.2 Strengths in Management

mportant features of forestry in Sarawak nclude:

a. a policy for watershed rnanagement;

b. reserval on of tota ly protected areas (TPAS) for nal onal parks and w ldlfe sanctuaries;

c, a system for tracng and contro ling the movement of logs from the forest to milsor export points wth its series of mulipe checks and measLrrement accoun|ngdev ces, wh ch is outstand ng by any standards;

d rnanagement plann ng for the product on forests n the pFEbut coraprehens ve for the applicat on of area contro method serves quitefor yle d control;

e. the comprehensrve research data bank covering such vita managementrelating to trop cal forests s almost uneqla ed in extent and qua ty.

'.1 rtanspcr;mei

s simp eadequate y

4.3 Weaknesses in Management

Sound foundatron for susta nable management was weak at the eve ci impeanentaion. ltwas moTe successfu in respect of the conservation, biological d vers ty and eco ogica baancevaLues in nationa parks and wid le sanctuares and in respect oftmber production in peat

s*onp forests Oose ved def c e_ - es we'p

a. for conseTVauon a number of biologica Iy important ecosysiems were underrepresented or not adequalely protected;

b n the peat swamp forest ram n s the most va uab e timber species, but overcuttingthreatened its susla nability and reflected a weakness ln ihe strategy for this forest;

c. output from the HDF was not sustainab e for those spec es offering alternative to ram n.

The lMiss on observed that the most evident weaknesses of implementation were (!)

the inadequate standard of catchment management, ihe resuit of failure at the eve ofrmp ementaton n the fed, and (ii) the overcuttng oi HDF due to a comp cated inleraclionof decsons at po cy and strategy levels wiih inadequaie field implementation, failure ofmplementation related to overcutling caused by excess ve total area of annua coupes,and the rapidity with which overcuitng had deve oped.

4.4 Reasons for the Weaknesses

The princpa reasons were (a) uncler_staffng ofiheFDSand (b) organzatonal structure and

instiutional arrangernents through which tinTber lcences were ssued, managed and operated.

On staffng, the l\liss on observed lhat outpui from the HDF had cimbed from some q ml on

cu nr perrearto 13 milon in five years without an incTease n staffng. ln such a stuation,the iniensity and qualty of supervision n the field and managernent planning and contro

would be n queston. FDS would need O enough peope to do the lob, (i) peope of rghtqualty ln teftns of qua ficaions, training, expeTence, dedicaton and dligence, (ii) staff

cieployed where they were most needed and most effective, and ( v) staff supporled by mater al

resources needed to do the lob and by firm po tical backing.

Under the concession system, the scale of concession alocation was seen to be greatly n

excess of any prudent esumate for the sustalnab e producuve capacty of the PFE This

was a refection of overoptimistic esilmaies for growth rates, residua growing stock and thefel lng cycle. The structure of the concession syslem also reflected a Lack of synchronizat on

betw;eri the length of the licence and the forest rnanagement cyc e, ike the praclice of issuing

licences for shorler than the feLling cyce wthout guarantee of renewa. which would not beqood foT long term management.

5. Recommendqtions of the MissionThis secton descrbes the l\rlssons Tecommendaions ancl actions taken by the StateGovernments.

The I\4 ssion s recommendations are n two parts:

A. Recommendations forAction by the Governments of Sarawak and Malaysia, andB. Recommendations forActions for lnternational Cooperation and Assist,nce

Al. Actions by the Governments ofSarawak and lllalaysia

The [,4 ssion recornmended mmed ate strengihen ng

r n contTo to enable effect ve plannng in harvesting, forest management andenvironmental protection. On-the ground contro to ensure strict adherence to thecond tions of concess ons ncluding lhe prescr pt ons in management and eng neer ngp ans to ensLrre high standards in road bu lding and harvestinq operat ons; to preventi lega encroachment nto the PFE and nto TPAS; and to suppress i lega hunt ng;

r in olann na to deve op a basic plan for the ong terrn susta nab e management of theproductrve forest resources of Sarawak and the development of ts forest industresbased on a re rable assessment of the forest resolTces nthestateandof the long-range demand and supply out ook for forest products;

r n research on silvtculture by making f! I use of existing research daia and to extendresearch inio a more fuly representative seies of sites in the HDF on haryestrrgto nvestigate a ternaive methods of harvesting that are raore effective and cause lessenvrcnmental darnage; and an natianal parks and wildllle sanclua,es to ensure thatthe coveTage of ecosysterns is as cor.plete as possible, and to invest gate the eco ogyo'Sor e o't-. .e] pla ' a lo a. i1 a .pe(tes.

i n education and Aaining to expand educat on and trainrng in forestry, timbe. har,/esting.the forest industres and w ldlife managernent n co laborat on with the universtiesand the prvate sector. Amode loggrng concession shoLrld be established as one of thetraining fac lties. N4ore tra n ng s also needed for peop e inc uding cha n saw operators.and sk dder and tractor drvers:

I in oubl c re ai ons to impTove commun cation between the FDS ancl the pub c.

Based on the above recommendations, the Sarawak Governrnent has mplemented thefolowing:

41.1 Strengthening of the Forest Department: Sarawak Forestry Corporation

ln order to strengthen the adm nistrative and management structures of the FDS the StateGovernment establshed Sarawak Forestry Corporation (SFC) n 1995. This was the resuliof ihe ITTO Pre-project PC1 lv i) 7: Manpawer Develapment af Sarawak Foresiry Sector in

1992 to stLrdy the manpower situaton that was facng Sarawak forestry at the tme.The study concluded that manpower shortage was a crtica problem and nstitutionalre-structuring was necessary to address this paoblem SFC represents a new institutionalmode wh ch is needed to handle a rap d y changlng env ronment.

SFC was set up wlth the folowing divisionsr

r SLrslainable Forestry and Complance;r SecLrrity and Asset Protection;r Protected Areas and Biodiversity Conservationr Appled Forest Science and lndustry Development;r Strateglc Planning, Special Projects and Land Use;r Corporate Services.

SFC has lmp emenled strategies in:

a. formuLating and impementing nter-agency standard operatng procedures for theperformance offorestry functions to avoid overaps among lhe relevant agencies;

b stream ininq operations n the field;

c dep oylng log tracking system (LOTS) and royalty blng sysiern (RBS) for timelyand orderly co lection of royalty and cess Tevenuesi

d. integrat ng w ld fe conservat on with ecotourism deve opment;

e. ntroduc ng conflict resolution for forest management;

f commercialization of R&D services part cularly in product tesling serv ces.

A'1.2 lncreasing the size of Totally Protected Areas and Forest Habitats

The State Governments target for TPAS is one millon ha by 2020. During the Ume of theMisslon there were ony seven national parks totallng about 79,000 ha and three wldlifesanctuarjes lota ling 174,851 ha. These numbers have been increased to 25 nationalparks and four wid le sanctlaries with a combined and area of some 568.000 ha. FvenatuTe Teserves have also been established to enabe srnaL areas of forests that possesscultural historica, recreationa and conservation vaues to be preserved. Another 32TPAS comprsng 21 nalional parks 3 wild lfe sanctuares and I nature reserves. in addtionto extensions to 17 exlsting TPAS have been proposed and are n various stages ofbeng legally estab lshed (Table 1). These TPAS wil form a comprehensive nefur'ork coveringal of the eight ma.lor forest types and numerous sub-types or natural habtals found in theState.

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ee E

EI I

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EO

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2

$

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2

3b

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i ai{ s

#c!iEI

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$l

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B

11

Table 1. Existing and Proposed Totally Protected Areas {TPAs) in Sarawak

Sourcesr FDS Nlin stry of Resource P anning and Environrneni Sarawak

The National Parks and Nature Reserves Ord nance and WiLd Life Protecuon Ordlnance

were revised in 1998 lo strengthen TPA managemenl and faciltate conservaion of fora and

fauna. The revised Nationa iarks and Nalure Reserves ordinance (1998) provrdes for the

esiab lshment of nature reserues.

A potential for lncreaslng the conservation domain s setling aside unoperable areas in the

PiE for biodiversity con#rvation, gene pools, water catchments and w ldlife corridors These

are forests on sopes that are n eicess of35 degrees where conventional ground.ogging isnot permlted esumated to comprise up to 50% oi the PFE Th s wou d increase the size of

the iPA network considerab y. Managemeni straieg es for such foresls can be devetoped'

581,420.001,164.30

192,235.44

375,076.001,164.30

192 235.40

Existing TPAsNational ParksNature ReservesW ldlife Sancluaries

546,552.041,487.30

51, 641.00

25,119.000.00

439 00

521,433.001,4A7.34

51,142.a0

Proposed TPAlnitial GazettementNat onaL ParksNature ReservesWiLdlfe Sanctuar es(17 Exlens ons)

'1,374,500.0023'1,962.001 ,142,53A.00Total Existing &Proposed

A1.3 Strengthening Biodiversity Conservat:on

Two TTO projects have made substanta contrbutions to biodiversity conseryaton,sc entif c research and susiainable deve opmenl of Local commun t es n Sarawak.These prolects wete Develapment of the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary as a TatallyPratected Area (four phases 1993 to 2011) and Transbounclary Biadiversity ConseNatjon:The Pulong Tau

^latianal Park. Sarawak, Malaysia (two phases 2005 to 2012).

A1.3.1 The Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary Project

The Lanjak Entimau Wldlife Sanctuary (LEWS) the largestTPA n Sarawak. s ocated n the rugged topography ofinter or Sarawak. The Sanctuary was lteral y unknownbefore 1993. The prolect's deve opment obiective wasto deveop the Sanctuary into a totaly protected area forb odiversity conservation and research and to contributelo the velhood improvemeni of the oca cornraun ties.A wide range of research actvties was iniated that madethe Sanctuary the best stud ed TPA, subsequentlyestabishng ii nto a mode for bodversity conservaton andsustanabe management of genetc resources ior forestry,socio economic advancement and research. lmportantresearch actvties ncluded forest ecology, baselne dataon fora and faLrna, orangutan. birds, herpetofauna and fsh.The Sanctuary has the h ghest diversty of herpetofauna with77 species recorded so far.

There were also success stores in community development h ghlighted in the TTO'ScomT.emoTatve pub cation lweriy-flve Srccess Staries lllustrating ITTOS 2'-YearQresl lo suslal, Troptcal Farests n 2011 The LEWS projeci co parinered wth 29 banlonghouses (population about 1,200) and three schools to embark on a series of actvtieson fish cuture and indgenoLrs fruil cultvation. These activites have benefited theparticipants with addtiona cash ncome and reduced dependence on the forest Awarenesshas been raised through a comprehensive programme on environmenta educat onconducted n 64 longhouses and 14 schoos. Loca communties' role in strengthen ngon-ground management and sustainab e uti zaton of forest resoLtrces has aso beenrecogn zed. ln 2010, the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary Strategic Management planQA09-2020) was pub ished. Technica repofis on al the studies are available in TTOOffce n the FDS in Kuching A documentary book entitled The Laniak Entimau Stary:Changing Landscape in Biadiversity Conservatian was pub shed in 2011 to commemoratelnternationa Year of Forests 2011.

A1.3.2 The Pulong Tau National Park Project

Ths prolect has conirbuted io:he conservaton ofhighand ecosystems and bodversity in northernSarawak and to the sustainab e deveopmenl ofthree oca comm!nites The PTNP s the argestof the 25 national parks and ncudes l\4t I\4urudi2,424 m), Sarawak's highest mounta n. The prolectinitated basc research to collect baseine dataon forest types and bodversty, studies on thesocio-econom c aspects ofthe Penan, documenlationof non-t mber forest products (NTFP) and surveyand documentation of numerous cutural stes nthe hghlands An mportant discovery was morethan two hLrndred mega iths of which 88 have beendentfied and documented. Such a b g co ection ofstone arlefacts s unique and found nowhere else inN4alaysia.

On commun ty development, the nrodel frorn LEWSwas ntroduced to the Keabt Lun Bawano andDe_a' corn,rte. ,n9 outlioe re oo.no-a4 o'the Natonal Park. To uplift the liveihood of thePenan. the partcpants were provtded with gravityfeed water supply, proper housing larm ng too s andr ce miling mach ne, and training on farming cooking, nuirtion and heath care. Wth iwo over70-metre long suspens on bridges bu lt dur ng the project the people and schoo going ch ldrenare now ab e to cross the rivers safe y when the water eve rises durinq a heaw ra n.

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kA1.3.3 Transboundary Biodiversity Conservation Areas

Sarawak and Repub c of ndonesia can be proLtd of this TTO poneerng ntiar,; ::establish lhe first transboundary biodiversity conservation area (TBCA) in the hLrm d trop csThe TBCA of LEWS and Betung Kerihun National Park (BKNP) n West Ka rnantanoccupy ng more than one mllon ha of argey und sturbed rain forests was ointylaunched in Juy 1994 (N4ap 2). n 2A03, Sarawak added to itthe Batang A National Park(BANP) (30,000 ha) whlch s ocated adtacent to LEWS. From this injtatve. the TBCAS nITTO tropica r.ernber countries have grown to l0 milon ha.

To promote transboundary cooperat on TTOfnancedasx-weekscentifcexpeditontoLEWSand BKNP in 1997 Forty scenUsts from N4aaysa and ndonesia conducled a wide rangeof research covering geology ecology. flora and fauna, socio-economy and ethnobotany Arecommended strategy for the TBCAs management was colaboratve nranagernent throughb latera research. Resr.r ts are contalned in lhe ITTO Bornea Blodiversity Expeditjon 1997Scierllfic Repo/i (ITTO 1997).

Another important document produced by the LEWS project was Oranguian Strategic ActianPlan: Transbaundary Biadiversity CanseNatian Area Batang Ai Natianal Park, Lanjak EntimauWildlife Sanctuary and Belung Kerihun Nationai Park (.2A1A).

Sarawak and lndonesla share another TBCA covering PTNP n northern Sarawak and KayanIvlentarang National Park (KMNP) ln Easi Ka lrnantan with a combined area exceeding 1.3mlion ha The PTNP project produced a report n 2011 entitled Habl'lais ancl Ecasystems afthe Transboundary CaLtsenation Area af Pulang Tau Natianal Park and Kayan MentarangNational Pa* and Bi Natianal lnleresls in thei CanseNation and Pratecltan

A1.3.4 Building Public Relations

The LEWS and PTNP prolects comp -omentedthe efforts of FDS and SFC to buid publc relationsby encourag ng stakeho der partcipaiion in prolectmplemeniation and conduct ng awareness educat on,and more importantly mob izing the suppori of locacorrmunit es When the staff of the LEWS prolectstarted fied work n U u Katbas n 1993. they werebarred from enter ng the Sanctuary by some longhouseres dents who blocked the river wth the r ong boats.Ths has become a thing of the past. In the PTNethe strong partnersh p that rvas estab ished betweenFDS and ITTO project staff, oca communitesand oggng camp workers was a key factor inthe smooth rnplementat on ol prolect actvitesunder extremely remote and difliculi condtions.

The plot study to restore degraded sites n ogged-over forest n the extended Parkarea of Batu Law n 2011 was a colaborative effort between FDS, ITTO and Sam ngTmber Compary. A new too of the FDS to mprove comrnunication wilh the peopleand to moblize their support n conservation management s the Communty Serv cenltative Unt (CSIU) formed n 2011. N4any communty and educaton oulreach

programmes have been mplernented by SFC.

A noteworthy effort of FDS that s jointly conducted wth SFC ls the appointment ofHonorary Wi dlfe Rangers throughout the State to be the 'eyes and ears ol the Government.They comprse representalives from the loca comrnunltes, ogging companes and civisocieties. n tiated n 1998, thls vountary programme ajnrs to integrate oca communties in,vi d ife proteci on and conservation. Since 2003, 682 Ranqers have been appointed

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A1.4 Research and Development

41.4.1 Sarawak Forestry Corporation

Snce ts estab ishment SFC has ntiated many.esearch actv t es inc ud ng:

Assess ng the conservation staius ofDipteracarpus. Dryabalanaps and Shorea{Dipterocarpaceae) with respect to IUCN RedL st n Sarawakl

Deveopng DNA data base for Gonysiylosbarcarus (ramn) and estab shing the genetlcd vers ty of ramin;

Assess ng hjgh conservatjon va ue forests n FMUfor certifcaton under Prncipe I of ihe MC&l(Natura Forests)and N4C& (Forest P antations)lDetermnng the moslure content and denstyaf Acacia mangium ard Paraserianthesfalcataria la determ ne we ght to vo umeconversion ior the purpose of assessing cessand royally for p antat on logs

Seecri_g a^d ;<s.s<n9 poe'ial rst 9'o$"19\ndlgenous spec\esio! p\antat\onlPret(mioaq aesess(ent a(d co(servat\o(managernent of dolphin dugong and sea grassiSpecies management of crocodieslOrangutan managementlConservaton assessmeni and manaoeraent ol!ornbils

On the conservation status of dipterocarps 169 speces havebeen surveyed. DNA database for ram n has been completedand the resLrlts pub ished The database enables the trac ngand track ng of the spec es by mo ecu ar markers. The we ghtto vo ume convers on faclat lat Acacia mangium s 1 1 and thishas been f e d tested. Other stud es are n progress.

The outcomes of the preiminary studes on the marinespecies were presented at the nternatona Semnar onft4arine Sc ences and Aquacu ture in Kota K naba u, Sabah nI\4arch 2012 Survey and mon toring of dolphin wii continuewth the arnr of deve op ng a conservation managernent p an.On dugong. an ntegrated study on management has beenproposed. On the crocod le, t has been conf rmed statist callythat the young popuaton of ths anmal has increasedfrom 0.05 to 3 to 6 ndvduas per kilometre run ofthe rverand ths s attributed to a clean and pristne environmentThe orangutan population has remained stab e and theobjectve of rehabiitating the anima to sernr-wict condrtonhas been successfLrl The wodd-renowned primato og stB rut6 Giadikas who attended the Orangutan Sympos um inKuching n November 2009 was repoded as sayng that sh-awas impressed wth Sarawak and Sabah for their efforts inthe conservaton and management ofthis bg primate.

19

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A1.4.2 A Nlaster Plan for Wildlife

Sarawak was the frst State n lvlaaysa todeve op A Masier P/6, for Wildlife in Sarawakln 1996 to fornru ate a strategy to ensurebalance and inteorate conservation of wid feand natural resources with the economic anddevelopment needs of the State. An mportanto.rcoTe of rhe ola' i:,o^Lrotled h.nfngespecia ly in the PFE and ban on sale of wiLdmeat The document was thelo nt effort of FDSand Wid ife Conservation Socjety (WCS).

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A1.4.3 Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak Project

Th s mportant project started in 1991 and was co-fnancedinitaLy by ITTO ihrough the Project PD 186/91 Rev. 2 (F)with a budget of US$ 712 000. Th s st I on going projecthas the immense responsib lty of revjs ng and document ngal speces of trees of the ran forests n Sabah andSarawak. To date, the project has publshed seven volumescomprsng 79 botanical faml es, 341 genera and 2289species, of which 315 species are new to science and 982species endem c to Sabah, Sarawak or Borneo (Soepadmo,pers. comm.J To complete the study another 500 to 600species wlL need to be covered The project has produced16 PhD and 4 [,4Sc candidates and trained 40 youngbotanisls who are working in varous research insttutionsin Ma ays a. Th s has g ven a tremendous boost in terms ofawareness, knowledge expertse and trained professionalsto study the weallh of biod vers ty in the region.

A1.4.4 Sarawak Biodiversity Centre

Sarawak was the first Malaysian state to establish a centre for bodiversity. The SarawakB odlversity Cenire (SBC) was established under the Sarawak Biodiversity Centre Ordinance(1997) for the conservation utilizaton, protecUon and sustainable deve opment of biologicalTesources n the State. The Sarawak B odiversity Centre (Amendment) Ordinance wasrev ewed in 2003 to enabe the revson of the Sarawak Bodversty Regulations n 2004.This a lowed ihe Centre to init ate biotech-based research and development on the biologicalresources, partculary those that are known to be utlized by ind genous communties, and tofaci tate the documentation of tradtional knowledge on the utiizaton ofbologica resources.The Centre's core functions are:

r irrp ementing bio-prospecting prograrnmes;r faci itating the documentation of trad tional knowledger propagating Sarawak's ind genous p ants for conservation and apprec at on;r mainta ning biod vers ty re ated database;r conducting awareness and appreciation programrnes;r regu ating biod vers ty re ated research with commerc a potentialr networking wth organ zations with simiar nteresls

A1.4.5 Heart of Borneo lnitiative

As stated n the Declaration on the Heart of Borneo (HoB) lnitalve. signed n Bali on 12February 2A07 thls s a voiuntary transboundary cooperaton between Negara BruneiDaTussa am Rep!b c of lndones a and I\4a aysia wilh the long terrr oblectlves:

''Wjth ane canseNatian vision and with a view to promote peaples'welfare we willcaoperate in ensLtring the effec ve nanagement af forest resources and conseNation afa netwark af pratected arcas praduc ve farests and olher sustalrab/e ,ses. "

Cooperaton wl be based on sustainable development princpes through research anddeve opment susia nab e !se, protect on, educalion and 1ra n ng, fund raising, as wel as otheractvties that are re evani to transboundary management, conservation and deve opmentwithin the areas ol the HoB'.

The tota area of the HoB is about 20 mllon ha comprising some 335,000 ha from BruneDarussalam, 4 m ion ha from Sabah, 2.1 mijion ha from Sarawak and the rest from Repub icof lndonesa (N4ap 3) Sarawak has prepared a Project mpementaion Franrework (PlF)cover ng the physica env ronment nclud ng m neral resources and land use agricllt!re, forestresources, b od vers ly, oca communit es and ecotour sm. Project deas wlthln the frameworkof the HoB objectlves were identlfed wth fund ng mplcations. The development outook andrecomrnended strateo es for imp ementatlon weTe exam ned

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A1.5 Education and Training

Var ous types of training have been conducted,' co labo'otion ber//een FDS SFC T-O, I reeF ora of Sabah and Sarawak Project. SarawakTimber Industry Development Corporation(STIDC). Sarawak Tmber Association (STA),Department of Agriculiure and Departmentof Educaton. Train ng on scenUic researchfocuses on forest eco ogy, flora and faunasuTveys, methodoloqies and anaLyses,taxonomy, species dentiflcation, NTFP andnranagement of bio og cal Tesources.

The ITTO proiects jn LEWS and PTNP aonehave tra ned no fewer than 22 researchersincluding seven from lndonesa, 49 technicaassistants and many community partcpantsin varous sklls ncluding resource survey,research, crop cu tivation and hoLrse and bridgeconstruction

SFC has organ zed industry-related andresearch coLr'ses o erp.o)ee> o.en.dIor.commun cation and team work. conf ctresolution, awareness and conservailoned-cario_ fire <a'ar) a'd esc.e s.e-spe-esmatch ng, LOTS and revenue collecUonprocedures lust to narne a few.

Severa agencies have taken the initatve toconduct manpowet industria tranng to suitrle chang ng eT.i'o- 'le rr. I\4a_, o' i^e fai- ngprograrnmes have been conducted in colaboraion with FDS and SFC.

A1.5.1 Sarawak Timber lndustry Development Corporation

The Corporaiion started ts train ng courses in 1990 and has to-datecourses n forestry, t mber grading furniture making and wood carving

Table 2. Number of People trained under STIDC from

lrained 2,646 peop e on(Tab e 2).

1990.2012

Forest surveyForest enumerat on (10%)Forest engineerng p anRoad construclionAer al photo nterpretation

625961

6010

Tree dent ficat onTimber gradingHardwood sawn t mber grading

635481460

Basic carpentry and woodworkingntroduction to furn ture making

Furn ture des gn and makinglrJactory tra ning

226'135

11823

Basic carpentry and woodworkingntroduciion to wood carvlng techniques

Wood carvingn factory training

117998317

Sourcer STIDC23

A1.5.2 Sarawak Timber Association

ln response to the recommendatons of the ITTO[,4iss]on and wth support from FDS, STA inltatedhands-on training in 1996 on basic cha nsawma ntenance and d rectiona iree fe ing to operatorsemployed by membercompan es ofthe Assoc at on

ln 2004, STATrain ng Sdn Bhd (STAT), FDS and theForest lndusirjes Training and Education Councl(FITEC) in New Zeaand developed the Sarawakl\lodular Training Framewark. This is a morestructured tra n ng set up for the timber and forestindustres As of September 2012, STAT has offeredtrain ng in various sk I sets:

r Tree Fel ng (TF)r Log Extraci on (LE)r Log Loading (LL)r Clear-lel Sjte Preparai on (CFSP)r Mechanlcal Site Preparation (Excavato, ([,4SP)r Break ng Out Cab e Hau er

(B/out Cable Hauler)r Tree Fe ling in Forest Plantation (TFP)r Mach ne Operal on Excavator (M. Exca)r Log Extraction Bu I Dozer (LE Bu l)r Mach ne Operat on Cable Halrler

(M. Opt Cab e HauLe0r Cefiiflcate in Tree and Log ldentficaton

(TL )r Certif cate ln Log and Tirnber ldentficat on(Lr )

To date, a total of 1,544 operators have beenac<6<sad a-d fo. -d Io ba orpererr ir /ajo rsskils sets offered by STAT Presenuy 388 operatorsare under tra n ng.

Ln 2006. STAT started the Tra n the Trainer coursefor both tree ieling and og extraction (tractoroperaion). Tra ned candldates have become the inhoLrse lralners for the logg ng companies to assistn the training of forest workers empLoyed by lheircompan es. STAT has already trained a total of 207n-house tra ners in var ous sk ls sets. N4ost ofthesetrainers are now actvely train ng operators in the rrespective ogg ng camps.

n 2009. STAT lntroduced the Postgraduaie Diplomain App ed Science (SustainabLe Trop cal ForestIvlanagement) programme that has so far trained 30students. wh Le another 20 has erta ed fat 2412.The course s amed to develop appropriate skllsto manage logg ng operations to rneet therequirements of susta nab e tropica forestry, whichncludes social and env ronment e ements.

Recommendation A2. Reducing the Total Area of the Annual Cut

42.1 Sustainable Forest Management

The State Government has acted on the l\4iss on,s recommendation to increase ihe area ofthe PFE to six mi I on ha of forested and for susta nable forest management (SF[4) Th]s pFEis made up of five ni lion ha of mixed dipterocarp forest (MDF) and o;e m I lo; ha of industrialtree p antat on spread over State and and a ienated land. Wthnthefive mrlion ha for naturalirmber production up to 50% of the forest on steep slopes above 35 degrees w I be excludedfrom conventonalground ogging. Such lands willargely be preserved

The forest haftesting operatons in the [,4DF have cutting cycles of 25 years. Assun] ng 2 5milion ha of the l\4DF in the PFE to be harvested, the annual cuiting coupe wou d have to beset at 100,O0O ha (Datu Len Tal f Salleh, pers. comm. ). Se ective fel ng based on m nimum fel

Table 3. Log Production Data Sarawak 1993 .2011(million cu m)

Sorr.er FDS Annuar Repods, 1993 20r1

8.1 1641oo4 9.2 7.1 16.3

19S5 9,7 7A 16.1

1S96 9.1 7A 16.1

1997 92 16.8

6.4 4.9 11.3'1999 8.4 131

2000 8.6 '14.3

2401 80 4.2 1222002 4.4 11920n3 a4 12.2

2044 85 3.6 121

2AA5 3,1 12Q

8.5 34 11.9

2007 84 35 11 9

2008 a2 3.1

2000 80 24 10.4

2014 8.'1 2,Q 10.1

2A11 1.8

from non-PFE areas The timber production vo Lrme from the pFE was perhaps one of the mostsgnifcant recommendations by the ITTO N4isslon, and this recommendation of not exceedino9.2 m llon cu m average annua ly was strrctly enforced and achieved with the cooperation o-fthe limber industry.

diameters is 60 cm at breast height (dbh)forDlpterocarpaceae speciesand 45 cm dbh fornon-drpterocarp species. Other measuresto miligate the impacts of loggng areimproved road panning and constructon.pre-ogging surveys to assess the timberstocks, marking of merchantab e treesand directonal fel ng, and strengtheningcontrol and enforcement Tta ned machine0perators can also mit gate impacts on so l.

ln reducing the volume of the annual cutthe I\4ission's recommendat on of 9.2mi lion cu m was condit onal to s x millionha of PFE. FDS'S log production data from1993 to 2011 harvested from the PFE andnon-PFE areas shows a gradual reduct onwith a mean of 12.9 milion cu m. Oui ofthis tota. an average of 8.3 m lion cu mwas harvested from the PFE (Tab e 3) Theremarnrng average annual producion of4 6 milion cu m came from and conversionn the Slate and and alienated and foragriculture especlaly oil palm. The graduareduction was necessary so as not tod sruptthe supplyforthe local wood-basedindustries especialy sawmils and veneerand plywood mils that need 10 milion cum annually to sustain. Developrnent ofindustrialtree plantation was anolher factorlhat contributed to lhe harvested votume

A2.2 Projects on SFMA2.2.1 lndustrial Tree Plantation

The State Government s aware that econornicsustanabiity shoud not depend entrely on thenatura forests. bLrt needs to mantain an annuaproducton of 10 rnilion c! m in order to sustain thetimber ndustry. The prmary ams of the indLrstrratree planiation (lTP) are to ensuTe suffcency oftimber for the wood-based industres n the State.to comp ement the production from natural forests,and to reduce dependency on the natural forests. ts also io re ieve pressure on the natura forests andalow the logged over I\4DF to recover.

The target is to plant one ml ion ha of ITP atan estmated pantng rate of 100000 ha peryear. Assumng a production of 25 cu nr/ha/yr, the pantaton should yed 25 mllon clr m ofwoodfbre annualy after 2020. Such a productivityof forest planlations s cons dered conseTvaive aspLanlatons n Brazl, for exampe, has averagedmore than 40 cu m/ha/yr.

Several fast growing species have been identfedbul Acacia mangium ls preferred due to ts betterperformance. tlp to 2011 the area planted wasabout 290.000 ha, comprising 125,,{00 ha fromthe Government- nked company Sarawak ForestPantaton Sdn Bhd and lhe rest lrom lhe prvate

Construct on of a pu p nri I n B ntulu is scheduled to beg n in 2013 andthernl wl be readyfor producton n 2015 Themillsannual capacty s 850.000 tonnes, forwhich an esimated4.5 mi ion cu m of wood fbre wi be consumed annualy, which s wel wthn the capacityof Sarawaks tree pantatons to supply. ln addlton, wood res dues currenty wasted durngagr -convers on operations are a so a potential f bre source to be considered

A2.2.2 Log Tracking System (LOTS)

LOTS further strengthens the tmber tracking system whch the Mssion foLrnd to be highysat sfactory for purpose of revenue colection, prevenUon of ma pract ces and oss ofrevenueto the State. lt is fundamenta to combatng iega loggng, a problem very much on theinternationa aoenda.

LOTS is a custom buit CT too as wel as network appicaton used in Sarawak to montorand contro the movement of ogs. The systern was frsttried out in central Sarawak and wasdeployed state wide in 2009. ForestNet s a purpose-buit Wide Area Network (WAN) ihatprovdesthenecessarylCT nfrastructure to operate LOTS in Sarawak ThSWAN nowcovers44 ocations throughout the State ihai nclude 11 maior adrnin stratve centres and 14 ForestChecking Stations

ln bref, LOTS is used to capture record and montor the detais of ogs fe ed by icensedoperaiors or the r contractors, the volume of logs that has been roya ty-assessed and movemeniof logs LOTS makes avai able daia in real t me to aLlthorlsed stakeholders such as FDS SFCcersees and auditors. lt s possibe through LOTS to detect lrreguarties such as tag/LP

duplcaton and fase declaratons Therelore lt can be surr. sed that LOTS is critcal to thelegalty verfcaiion of ogs n Sarawak.

42.2.3 Model Forest Management Area iMFMA)

n 1990, ITTO supported a proleci tc -.: -:-:.. :.-.s: r.anagement of lvlDF. This projectwas Madel Farest Management A.ea -..-.-.2. r ihree phases irom 1990 to 19!i9 ipD105/90 Rev. 1(F)PhaselPD14i95Rev2 -- Pnese . and pD T2199 Rev.4 {F) phase

).

The l\lFI\4A covers some 162.000 ha oi PFE oc€ted in centra Sarawak. The overal oblectveof the project was to develop po rcies. sirategies and imp enentat on procedures for (i) thesustainable utilizaton and conservaton of the MDF of Sarawak and their oenetic resou(resa ro . i. for l_e .ra nlenanco o! e(o ogivd oa rrce n t-e Srdlc'. Specili. oojeit r". foc,ssed 01estab ishment of sustainable forest producton management systems for the MDF wth n limitsof environmenta acceptabirty, training, and demonstrating vable new rrethods andtechnologies for sustainable foresl produciron nranagement in the rnode area.

l\4any studies under this prolect ncluded forest inventory growth and yecl, sois, hydrology,widlfe, ecology elhnobotany and socio-econom c aspects of loca popuatons. The impacisof road constructon and ground skdding of logs on water quality and long term forestproductrvty as wel as reduced mpaci logging (PATH Loggng) was one of ihe mportantaspects of the prolect.

The project was reviewed in 1999 (Blackett & Tang), and seveTal of ts observations andrecommendations as fo ows are noteworthy:

r Post-harvest samplng was necessary to determjne speces compositon and distrbutionfve years after logging, and adequacy ofthe residual stand;

r As many forest areas had been selectvely logged, they stl contained economica lyviab e vo umes and it was perm tted to re-enter ihese areas even before they reached thi)2s-year loggng cycle. This coud however, be disruptive to natural regeneraiion andrecovery. A forest nventoTywas recommended before re-entry (incuding helicopter logging)was permitted to determ ne the adequacy of the resdua sland in relaton to the voumeto be fuTther removed

r No re entry ogging should be permtted under any circumstances in env ronmentalysensitive areas such as those havlng steep slopes and erodbe sois, as welas n areasrequ red for safeguard ng ofwater supples;

r Reforestation usng ndigenous species in abandoned areas would hep to stab lizeerosion-prone so ls and provide a source oftimber

r The standards of engineerng used n the construction of roads. culverts and brdgesneeded to be improved by supervsng survey and construction of demonstrat on roadsectons using mproved practces, tra ninq surveyors and iracior drvers. revi€w io currell:road designs and spec iicattons, and use of permanent c!l\reris and br dqe emban-krenis:

r The effectiveness of Vrgn Jungle Reserves (VJR) n biod versity conseruarion aftercompletion of eco oglcal survey needed to be reviewed and auide ines produced for theirmanagement;

r Train ng to expand PATH loggng techniqLres to other forest concessionaries operatingoutside the MF[,4A.

A Ten-Year Develapment Pian for the Modei Farest Management Area Sarawak (lrlFMA),1996-2406: Faresl Land Use and Management Plans Training. Research and Developmentand Demanstrations was deve oped IITTO Project pD 105/90 Rev. 1 (F)1. The pan wasdesigned to serve train ng, R&D and demonstrat on of improved harvesting methods, planningand control as wel as applicaUons of new technologies on the ground n [,4FMA.

A2.2.4 The Anap NIuput Forest Management Unit

The Anap l\,4uput Forest Management Unit (FMU) became a part of the N,IFN4A in 1993. lt smanaged by a private timber concession that s stiloperating n the [,1Ft\4A. The FMU paysan instrumental role in carry ng out the I\,IFI\4AS management plan and contnuing the work

of rhe oroiect. T^e J1lI has oeen ,']plenent ng neasu'es Io ac^ieve <usla lable ndnagenent;-;";;;;;r"- r;duceo npacr rogg ng (Rt; ano si'v c-lt .re. One .ey ir rovalio^ o'lle FIVIJ-"

if," "*"t." oi tt',"'nnup vuput

-Ciommuniiy ihat provides a platiorm to engage the local

"o.r*itl. in tn" aevelolment of communriy enteipnses and forest landscape restoralion

inltiatives and conf!ict resolution.

The Fl\,4U was certified for susta nable management in 20OB under the l\'4alaysian Timber

C"rtlii"ution sileme ll,lCat 2002) Due to changes of certain lnstitutiona arrangemenis and

Jtuna"ra" foi ""rtifi"ui

on, the FMU has recentlt opled to undergo re-ce'tifcation under the

revised IVaLavsian Timber Ceriiiicalion Scheme ([/]TCS) standards as endorseo 0y Programme

for Endorsenient of Forest Certificat on (PEFC).

A3.lmprovement ofthe Standards ofCatchment Protection in the Hill Dipterocarp Timber

ProdLlction Forests

The Mission cited nadequate siandards of catchmeni protecton as one of the weaknesses'

SounJ iii"r.tn"nt manaiement Tequires a mulu-sector and mult -d sciplinary approach ln

6"i"*ul, "ppriiution"

to -gazette

waier calchments often meet with many cha lenges because

it i*"ii.ui involves ssires that relate to the need to incorporate other socio_e'onomic

J"""ior"it actvties in the proposed catchments Different land use options give rlse to

p"iaiui".""ir"t" among the jseis. maklng it cumbersome to ach eve an ideal situaiion in

catchment protection.

Wlth the Misslon's suggestion io have a more precise management prescription based on

ieseaicir ano strict corit"rol of timber lcence condiuons'. the Government has conducied many

"iri". t" l"*i"o "

plan for prescnbed aciivites in l\'4DF catchment forests These incuded

Mo p-ojects i'ar we'e supooieo by lT-o f'on 990to1996:

r PD 104/90 Rev. 2 (F): l\,4anagement Siandards of Hill Dipterocarp Forests in Sarawak

ffom a Watershed l\4anagement Point of Vlew, Phase l;

r PD 26196 Rev.4(F): l\,4anagement Standards of Hil D pterocarp Forests in sarawak

from a Watershed IVanagement Po nt ofView Phase lL

The scope ofthe studies were to (a) lnvestigate the quanuty of s-'d ment loads and w€ler qualty

"""oiiitl"a *ilr, logg ng, (b) ideniii the m;Ln factors responslb e for eros on in watersheds n

*r, "r',

ir',"iouo. *Ji" o-,iii, ic; nveitigate tne efiectrveness of buffer zones and other mltigaling

measri"it-it"arcingnegatveenvir6nmenta impacts assocated with ogging operauons and

(d) develop technical gu delines for tesilng in steep topography'

An ex-oost eval-dton of Ihe proieuts a 2003 [CRF 'XXX|ll,o daled 0'9'2003] noled t'ari;; ;;;;i"- -;; co'rr.b,reo 'to rhe oa\elopn;rt o' baseri^e ir'o-naliol on

. hvo'o og cdl

i.oa'crJiisociateo wirtr t^e co_slruclron o'foresl'oaos ano ot_er ogg'19 operai'o_s i' steeo

i"r!ai"" *"e;.i"oa, t.e rans'e- o'tec_nology re ateo Io neasurenenl of neteorologlca' and

ilJ."g -"i;il Jno rhe techn,car g-ioeines to'-oao constr-ctro- tcat -eeded rc be

adequately f e d_tested in steep terra n.

Other studies by the State Governmeni since 1997 were:

i Sarawak Water Resources l\,4aster Plan Study (Sarawak Water Resources Councl

1997)i

il. lniegraied Coasta Zone Management Study (Siate P anning Unit, 2000);

ii . Samarahan Envlronmental lvasier PLan Study (Natura Resources and Environment

Board,2004);

iv. Study on Water Pollut on Prevention and Water Qual ty of Batang Rajang (Department of

Environment, N,4alaYSia 2004);

v. Sarawak lntegrated Water Resources l\,4aster PIan Study (State Plannlng Un t' 2009)'

The 2009 ntegrated water resources master p an study covered the ent re State and was the'rost conpreqe' r ve. w rh rhe oojectives o':

r recommending a poicy framework and insUtutional set up for developrnent,rnanagement and conservation of water resources;

r formulating water resources development master plan for Sarawak tiLl 2050;

r identifying crit cal natural water resources whlch are ma n y ihe catchments, rivers andaqufers, and recommending polcy and gu delines for their conservation andprotection;and

r preparing a phased imp ementaton plan and action plan packages for the ordedy andefficient deve opment of the water resources ln the State to cater for the demandgrowth.

For catchrnenl protection in I\lDF iimber production forests, the study recommended (a) strctlaw enforcement on logging and p antaton activites, (b) loint enforcement by FDS, NaturaResources and Environment Board and Sarawak Water Resources Counci ; and (c) ncreas ngmanpower for enforceTnent, training and forest certificat on.

ln addltion, sirict contro on the area of cut and annua production in the harvestable forests wi I

be imposed. M tigating measures wi I include widening of rlparian buffers in accordance withthe topography i.e. w der buffers for areas wth sieep slopes. Other prescribed activit es will bereforestation through enrichment planting and b odiverslty conservation and research.

FDS has developed ts own Road Design Standards and Guidelines for Farest RoadsCanstruction for Saund Waterched ManagemenLf he following p rescriptions from the Gu delinesare stated n Forest Timber Licences which are mandatorv for al concess on holders:

r I\,4 n m sing road cuts,r Avo ding dumping of excess so lsr Retaining buffer zones along main water coulses,: lmproving design and construction of drainage siructures,r mproving design, location, construction and use of skid iralls and log andings.

A3.1 lnstitutional and Legislative SupportsA3.1.1 Natural Resources and Environment Board

The Natural Resources and Environment Board (NREB) Sarawak was established on 1stFebruary 1994 pursuantto Section 3 (1) ofihe Natural Resources and Envronment Ord nance,1993

Among othe€, the NREB is tasked with the responsibility of protecting and managing theenvironment and the conservation ofthe natural resources of the State based on the p nciplesof sustainable development. The Board is n charge of the imp ementation of envronmentalimpact assessment (E A) in timber production forests and forest plantations and has producedthe documents:

. Guidelines for Preliminary EIA fat Forest HaNesting, Appendix 5: Some EngineetingErasion Control Measures (NREB '1995a);

. Guidelines far Preliminary Envianmental /mpacf AssessmeniDevelopnent \1995b);

. A Handboak af the Policy & Basic Procedure Of Envionmental(EIA) in Sarawak (1995c):

(EIA) for Agriculture

Impact Assessment

n add tion, the Department of Environment I\,4a ays a (DOE) has produced lhe Guiclelines forPrevention and Cantral of Sail Erosian and Siltatian (1996).

EIA js requ red for alL re-entry ogging operations in FI\,4US exceed ng 500 ha. EIA reports wthproposed m tigat ng measures must be approved by N REB before ogging can commence.

30

A3.1.2 Water Ordinance 1994

This Ord nance provdes for the establishment of the Sarawak Water Resource Councl(SWRC) wjth the obiectives and funct ons of

r identifying a avalabe water TesouTces n the State and promotng the conservation,augmentation, deve opment, management and proper use of these water TesouTces;

r promotng the integraton ofwatet resources and land use panning and management;

r broadly montorng the plans and actons of any Government agences or prvateagences wh ch may s gnifjcanUy affect the qualty and quantty ofwater resources;

r adv s ng the Government on the conservat on, protection and managementof water resources.water-reiaied land !se and env ronmenlal issues. the formu at onof policies and strateg es to deve op, manage and consetue wateT Tesoutces, etc

A3.1.3 Department of Drainage and lrrigation Riparian Buffers

Riparan buffers enab e vegetaton a ong rver banks to be preserved to minimize sedirnentsfrom enterlng waterways to marnta n the high qua ity of the water in areas where and useact vities are carr ed out. The buffer zones recornmended by the Department of Drainage andrrgation Sarawak (D D) are shown n Tabe 4 This rule has been prescrbed by FDS in its

Road Desian Standards and Guidelines for Foresi Roads Constructian for Saund Watershed

n irrp enrentlng the gu de ines it would be usefula ong a water course steep rver banks that areeven the rver mav be smal

to take into account the nature of ihe terralnprone to lands ps may require a wide buffer

Table 4. DID-recommended Buffer Zone Widths

2A 4]fi.,1A -24 n

B. Recommendations for lnternational Cooperation and Assisiance

These recommendations were d rected to the ITTO and the nternationa ccnor cornmuntyto assist Sarawak ln its strong y demonstrated commitment,to sustanaby manage its foresiresources and prornote conservat on. These recommendations were

1. Manpower development - to improve management capacity through trainingand accelerale acquiring of experience by staff in both generjt managiement andspecialized fields

2. Long-term outlook - to assist Sarawak in the preparation of the ouflooks forlong-term demand and supply

3. lnternational assistance - if necessary to raise additional manpower frominternational sources to assist the FDS during the kansitionat phase in theRecommendations A1-3

The N4alays an and Sarawak Governments have carried oLtt these recommendations bysecuring many projects from TTO and other nternational aqencies

81. Assistance from ITTO

Slnce 1992, ITTO has supported a total of 17 projects many of which have already beenmenlioned. Table 5 shows a ful list of the projects and costs. The financra commitments tothese prolects amounted to sonre USg14.6 riilon from ITTO and US$g mlon from theGovernments of Malaysia and Sarawak, The major outcorres of these prolects have a ready

Table 5. A List of Projects supported by |TTO (Amount in USg)

PCI (V )/7: fi4anpowerDevelopmenl of Sarawak ForestSeclor

1992 '151 1845 22 839 174 023

PCF (Vl )/7 Susiainab e l,/lu t pte 1992 276,95A 40,537 317 495

PD 107/90 (l): SlrElegies forSusla nable Wood lndustres inSarawak

1993 1994 440,550 56 821 497.371

PD 104/90 Rev2(F):I\4anagement StandErds of HD pterocarp Foresis n Sarawakfrom a Watershed [4anagementPo ni of Vew - Phase I

1993-1S95 622,904 0 622,90A

PD 26/96 Rev.4(F) N/lanagemeniSiandards of Hil DiplerocarpForesls n Sarawak irom aWaterched N4anagement Po nl of

1999-2001 711,149 743026 1454.175

PD 186/91 Rev2(F):Tree Floraof Sabah and Sarawak

1991 1993 712804 612 000 1324,800

PD 105/90 Revl(F) ModeForesl IVaf agemeni Area(l\.4FI!4A)- Phase I

1993,1995 1,764176 184, 145 1,994 321

32

PD 14195 Rev.2(F) N/lodelForestN4anagementArea ([4F[4A) -

1996 1999 r,998 23s 911,A42 2914,477

PD 12199 Rev.4(F): [,Iode ForeslI\rla n agement Area (t\4FN4A)

2044-20a7 966 700 1,920 500 2.887 204

PD 106/90 Rev.1(F)Deve opmenl of Lanlak Ent mauW dllie Sancluary as a Tola yProiected Area Phase I

1992 1994 1,750 837 166179 1,917 316

PD 15/90 Rev.3(F) Developmentof Lanjak Enilmau Wild feSanctuary as a Totally Protected

1997-1999 1,830 200 627 973 2 458,t71

PD 16i99 Rev.2(F) Developmentof Lantak Ent mau W ld ifeSancluary as a Totaly Protected

2000-2003 713,775 935 000 1678,775

PD 288/04 Rev2(F):Development of Lanjak Ent mauWiid ife Sanctuary as Tola yProtected Area , Phase V (F na

2aa7-20A9 512 O2A 405.204 917 232

PD 224103 Rev 1(F):Transbo!ndary B od versityConservation - The Pu ong TauNatona Park, Sarawak State,

2AA5 20A6 740 741 805.702 1,546 483

PD 451/07 Rev 1(F):Transboundary B od versiiyConseNation - The Pu ong TauNaion€ Park, Sara$,ak State

2AAA 201'l 87.+ 800 615.365 1,490,165

Pre Prolect PPD 135/07 Rev.l(F-)Commun ly-based ForesiManagement oi Sungai Med h t

2008-2009 73,714 58 554 132.264

PD 306/04 (1): lmprovingUt ization and ValueAdd ngof Plantalion Tlmberc fromSusla nable Sources n l\4alavs a

2406 2A1A 499 867 830.'134

lGovernmeni)+ 116 000

Secio,

1,446 001

T6TAL.]

82. Assistance from Other lnternational Donors

Four proiects were implemented of whch three were on the management and sustainabeuse of PSF.

a. Support for Wildlile l\raster Plan lmplementation (SWMPI) through lmprovedlllanagement of TPAS in Sarawak This collaborative project between the

Government of I\4aaysa and the government agency of Denmark DANIDAstarted n September 20OO and was compleied in December 2003 The objectve wasto prov de ass stance 10 the State Government n mp emen|ng elements of the Ma.sier

Plan far Witdlife in Sarawak, to bulld capacity for manag ng TPAS and employing a

co management approach with community paruclpat on.

b. Development and Management of the lllaludam National Park Thls was a

b -lateral proiect behr'r'een Maaysa and the Netherands, imp emented from 2001

to 2003, to (i) prepare a ong term strategy to sustaln the nallrral and environmentalntegrty of the Nauona Park, (li) promote oca community paruclpation n ihemanagement of the Park, (i) prepare a ste conservaton management plan n

co Iaboration wth reLevant insttutions and agencles and (iv) establish a proper

foundat on for future spat a p anning and env ronmental management of the area.

c. Sustainable Management of Peat Swamp Forest in Sarawak with Specialreference to Ramin. This is another b-lateral nitiative between l\ilalaysia and

the Netherlands from 2001 to 2003. The objecuve was io develop a more effective and

sound management system for PSF inc ud ng sivicullure techn ques for susta nab e

use. This effort would contribLlle to the conservation of the wor d's rema ning tropicalPSF in padicular conservation of ramin. The techn cal outputs were O statLrs and

lhreats of PSF in Sarawak (ii) monitoring of PSF, (ii) ecology of rarnin and PSF and(iv) sustainab e use of ramin and PSF.

d. Conservation and Sustainable use of Tropical Peat Swamp Forests andAssociated Wetlands Ecosystems. Ths was a colaborative effort b_^tween

Malaysla, UNDP and GEF from 2a02 b 2a07 to promote the conseNalion and

sustalnab e Lrse oi the hlghly slgnifcant and fragie ecosystem of trop ca! PSF in

Ma aysia. The primary obiective was to develop and mplement plans which encourageprocesses to ensure the conservaton and sustainable use of globaLly significant

6eneUc, species and ecosyslem diversit es within these forests. The project conducted6cological assessment and morltorlng, developed ntegrated dala base and nform'tionsystem, and carrled oul capacity buid ng and awareness plogramme.

Tropical forests are comp ex ecosystems from which tirnber and countless nonlimber forestproducts rnay be harvested for soclo-economic deve opment. Sarawak's forests are equaly, ifnot more important, for the r mega-diversity and environmenta values especially for water andsoi conservation Us ng the 2005 data, the FAO report pub shed in 2009 stated that 63.6% ofMalaysia was forested compared to 46.8% for Southeast As a, 44.3% for Europe and 30.3%for the whole wor d.

Tlmber harvesting, agri-conversion of forest lands, generauon of hydro-electricity, indeeddeve opment in general, can take a to I on the vitalfunctions of trop ical forests. Whilst sustainableforest management. embraclng soc a , environmental and economic dimensions is the way tomove forward, the pursuit of such as goal s easer said than done Hence the whole worldseems to be brain-storm ng on how to ach eve sustainabi ty and at iimes, such discuss onsbecome stormy with various allegations. Sarawak has not been free from such wi d al egat ons.It is against such a back drop that the Government ol Sarawak nvited the ITTO to send theindependent l\,4 ssion to assess the state of its forests and their sustainable management, andrecommend necessary remedial measures.

Sustainab y managing iropjcalforests needs strong insiitutions, knowledge, skiLls and resourcesboth human and financial. With ITTO suppori various prolect activities have been imp emented.The strong commitment of the Government of Sarawak has been amply demonstrated withbudgeting allocations. estabLlshment of new insututions, strengthen ng conservatron efforts, andthe establshment of Permanent Forest Estate and conservaton areas Most mportantly, theannual cut frorn the Permanent Forest Estate has not exceeded the level recomrnended.

This repori discusses the recommendations of the l\,4 ssion and the actions that have beentaken. lt has been two decades since the hisiorlc Mission. Sarawak s now strongly embark ngon the path of sustainab e forest management and is making ser ous effort for certiflcation. TheITTO Nliss on and subsequent ITTO support have contr buted much to such steady progress.I\,4uch, however, needs to be done. Al ofus need tolon hands to work cooperatvely together.The ITTO w th producers, cons!mers, the Civi Society Advisory Group and the Trade Adv soryGroup s wel postioned to ach eve the objeclive of a viable lropical trade from suslainabyrnanaged forests.

35

References

Blackett, H. & Tang, H.C. 1999. ln: Report of the Review l\,4ission: Mode Forest l\,4anagementArea, Phase ll, Sarawak, Nlalaysia.1990. lnternationa TropicalTimber Organization.

Forest Department Sarawak and Wild iie Conservation Society, 1996. A N,4aster Plan for Wi dl fein Sarawak.

Heart of Borneo lnitiative: Project lmplementation Framework, Sarawak, Malays a 2009.Sarawak Government.

lndustrial Tree Plantation Development in Licence for PLanied Forests. Forest DepartmentSarawak report, 2012.

ITTO, 1990. Report submjtted to the lnternationa Tropica Timber Council by N,4lssion

estab ished pursuant io Reso ution | (Vl): The Promot on of Sustainable Forest I\,4anagement:

ACase Study in Sarawak.

ITTO, 1997. ITTO Borneo Biodiversity Expedjtion 1997 Scientific Repori

ITTO Project PD 105/90 Rev. 1 (F). Ten-Year Development Plan for the Model ForestI\,4anagement Area - Sarawak (MFMA), '1996-2006: Foresl Land Use and Management P ansTra nlng, Research and Development and Demonstrations.

lTTo,2003. Synthesis Report on Ex-Post Eva!uations on Redltced lmpact Logging Prolects,10.9 2003 lcRF (XXXIry6l.

ITTO, 2011. Twenty-five Success Stories: lllusirating 1fiO's 2s-Year Quest to sustain TroplcaL

Annex 1

Resoutionl(Vl)adoptedattheSxthSessonoftheITTC nAbdian Coledtvore. 16-24Ntayi989

THE PRON4OTION OF SUSTA NABLE FOREST I,IANAGE[4ENTACASE STUDY N SAMWAK I4ALAYS A

The lnternaiona Trop cal Tlrnber Counci

Reatrrning the oblgation and commtment of a t4embers io the objeclives of lhe |TTA, 1983,Bearng n mnd Artcle 1 (a) of lhe ITTA to provde an effect ve franrework for cooperaion andconsuiation between tropca tinrber producng and consuming lvtembers wth regard to aLt reevantaspects of the trop ca t mber econonry', and Aaric e 1 {h) of the TTA, ro encourage the devetopment ofnationai po cles a med at sustainab e uiilizaton and conservaiion ol trop cat forests and rhe r genelicresources and at ma ntain ng the ecologicalbalance ln the regions concerned .

Recal ng th e Slatement rn ade by th e Rep resent€live of l\4a ays a ai ihe Ftfth Sess on of the nle rn at o.atTropcal Tmber Counc nform ng lhe Counc of the sedous effo(s lo promote susianabe ioreslmanagement n Llalaysa and ivtng internatona assstance to supporl the imptementalion of these

Tak ng note of the Slatement made by the representalive of [4a ays]a at iis curreni sesson of |TTC

Expressing ts appreciation io the covernment oi [4a ays a for its readiness to we corne a j\4ission to vis tSarawak N/la ays a atadaielobedecdedbymutua agreement.

l. Eslablishes a Nrlission wih lhe fo owing ierms of reference

a) To assess the suslanabe ut izaUon and conseruaton of tropica forests and iheirgenetc resolrrces as we as ihe nrajntenance of ihe ecoogca baance in SarawEkNla aysia, takng fLr y inlo account ihe need ior proper and effect ve conservation anddevelopment of tropca tmber forests wrth a vew to ensurng their oplimum ut izaironwh e nraintain ng the ecoogca balance ir.r the tght of recent |TTO studies on forestmanagement for sustainable tmber produciion n [,tember countres and retevanlreports by other organ zat ons

b) Based on its findngs, io make recommendElions lor furrher strensthenins ofsustainable forest management po cies and practces inctud ng areas oi internatonaco-operaiion and assistance.

2. Allhorizes fnanc ng noi exceed ng $330.000 irom the Pre-projecr Slb Accounr for the workof the N4ission

3. Apprec ales the readiness oflhe cove.nment of [.4a aysia to fu ycooperate in iacittat ng theworkof the N/lission and to allow I to vsii any pair of Sarawak, to meet any persons and a so to makeavailable inforrnaton re evant lo the work ol the 1,4 ssion

.1 nvites all l,4enrbers. and reevant nternatioiai orqanizations and internatona nsttutons roend the r fu est support for lhe success of the N4 ss on

5 Appea s 10 all rnembers, bearlng n m nd Artcle 30 oi ihe |TTA, to use ihe r best endeavours toco-operate to promote the atla nment of the objeclives oi the TTA and avoid any aclion contrary

6. Requesis ihe Execulive Direcior to take all necessary measures for the imp ementaton of lh sResolution and to prepare the necessary documenlaton for ih s purpose.

7. Requeststhe Execuiive D rectorlo communicaieih s Reso uton to a nternaUona organizatonsand oiher nlerested in the work of ITTO.

8. Fudher requests the [,lss on to present onaconfdentia bas s, a progress Report at the Seve nlhSes. o, d d r' 1-a. Peoo l" i.. F q1" Se:s,o

37

Annex 2Decision 3(Vl Ll) adopted at lhe Elghth Session of the TTC in Denpasar, Ball, ndones a 1 6-23 May 1 990:

DECTSTON 3(VrD

The lnternalional Tropical Tinr ber Council,

Recalling ITTOs commiiment io promote susta nable tropicalforesi managemeni, and io provide supporifor activties to th s end,

Noiing the submissioir to the E ghih Session ofihe Council ofthe Report by the ITTO I\,Iiss on to Sarawak,established according to the Counc Resolution 1(Vl),

Tak ng note ofthe extens ve coverage oithe Report,

Not ng ihai the Government ofl\4alaysia willconsider mmediate fo low up aclons,

Decides io consderthe Repori at lis Ninih Sessioni

lnvites all l\,4ember Governments to glve full consideration to ihe Reporii

Commends and extends apprecirtion to

- the Federa Government of [.4aaysia and ihe Siaie Government of Sarawak for iheir fullcooperaton in facjlitai ng the work ofihe [,4 ss]on,

- lhe lrlembers of the Mission lor their dedcaiion and commiiment in iheLr assessment ofSarawak forestry practices and preparaton ol its Reporl,

' the Governmenis of Ausira ia, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, Nolway, Sweden,Switzerland and the Uniied Kingdom forfinancing ihe work ofthe I\4ission.

Annex 3Decslon 3(X) adoi:e. ai:-: \.:. S3sso. ofthe |TTC r yokohama t6-23 November lggo:

DECTSTON 3(tX)

THE PROIIOIION OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST I\4ANAGEI!4ENTACASE STUDY N SAMWAK I,4ALAYS A

The lntemationa Trop calTimber Councit (TTC),

Reca ing its Reso uton 1(Vl)and Decs on 3(V t),

Bearing in m nd the comm tment of Members to sustainabte forest devetopmeni wihtn lhe frameworkof lhe lniernalio I a Trop ca Tinr be r Agreement, 1 983 (tTrA), rhe yea r 2000 ta rset for susia na ble foresrrnafagement and the pr nc ples embodied in ihe |TTO gu .le ines for sustainabte management of natura

1 Reiierates its commlment to promote sustajnabe n-janagement oi tropca forests End thesusta nabe production ofand trade ntropcattmbers

2. Recognizes ihat producer countres wiih slbstanlia forest resoLrrces in order toacheve sustainable deveopment, w need to utiize such resources and lo convert parl ofthe andior agriculture and other usesi

3 Recoqnize! thrt lselectrve hatoesting ofiimberfrom naluraHorests s sustained, iwilno eadiodeiorestation or loss of for-esl.ov.ar

4. Respects the sovere gnty of a TTO N/tember Co!ntresi

5 Noteslhemanfndngsoflhe|TTO[4issonReportascontanedrndoclmenrTTC(V )/7inreratia:

a lhal s u staina ble foreslry in Sarawakcan be achieved and sbengpartyacheverl,

b lhat whereas forest management n Sarawak, is wlhout doubi, of a hgher siandard thanI s n most iropical timber prod!cng counlries and n some devetoaed countres, rhepresenl rate oJ cutt ng is not susla nab e,

c.that n order lo slstain the socio economc and olher benefts to be derivecl from naturaforesls n Sarawak the report recornmends that ihere w be ihe need to:

increasethestaffand!pgradeskilsoftheForesiDepartmentandthetmbernd!st.y,

ii reduce lhe curent rate of harvesi ng.

i mprove the management ofwaiersheds,

v. increase lhe areas for bod versity conservatiof

v !psrade the standErds of ogging and

vi suppod research n ioresl managementl

6. Fuly appreclales the conrmitment by t/tatays a io susta nabte forest managernent andconservaton. and wecomes the acton pafs and proposa s lo so rnanage the foreat resourc_.sin Sarawak. which in.hr.le

(a)a reducton oflhe annualcuttng rate to acheve lhe sustainEbte yed,

(b) the coniinuing commtmeni of ihe Sarawak State Governnrent ro seriousy consider thenterests af al communities in its ptannng and implementaion of deveopmerit programmes

End lo enhafce ocalpariicpaton n forest idustres.

(c) reserv ng two areas oi nat!ra forests ror rhe penan conrmuniry,

39

(d) lhe expansion of the Permanent Forest Eslate (PFE) by abo!l T.5 m Lion ha andacceleraion ofthe process for ls establlshmenl

(e) the increase in the extent of Tolaly Proiecied Areas (TPA) by about 0.75 millon ha ioeffectively conserue b od versiiy,

(l plans to mprove watershed management

(g)the strengthening oithe Foresi Department Sarawak. and

(h) the submssion of projects io ITTO for assstance io strengthen sustalnabe forestmanager.ent and conservation, incudng the eslabishmeni of a model forest nrsnagement

(a) accept the find nss ofthe Sarawak Report,

(b) suppoir the Government of N.4alaysia and lhe State of Sarawak to coni nue to develop andimplement comprehensive panning processes based on sustanabe forest managementconservaton and soco-economlc developrnenti includ ng, among oihers the msnagementof a Permanent Foresl Eslate compris ng both ploduction and protecton fo€sts, a networkof Toialy Protecled Areas ior conservaion oJ biodversity and panlatlon developrnent ondeforested and degraded lands

(c) slpport the Governmenl ol t\,lalays a n continued deveopment of natonal forest po ciesand guldelnes for susiainable lorest management,

(d) caLfor niernational cooperation lo f! ly suppori and assstthe Government of \4alaysa'sand the State of Sarawak's comm tment to implement the recommendatons of ihe Sarawak

(e) appeal io all N.4embers and al reevant internatona and non-govelnmenta organlzaionsto use ihe r best endeavours 10 cooperate with and suppoit the Government oi lvlalaysa andthe Staie of Sarawak in the r effons to achieve susta nable management and conservaiion aftheir foresi resources.