© OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college 8E Atoms and elements Materials Elements Combining atoms.

© OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

8E Atoms and elements


Materials

Elements

Combining atoms


Materials



What does the word ‘material’ mean here?

In science, material means ‘any type of substance’, so a material is any type of stuff!

Are living things made of materials?

The world around us is made of many different materials.

8E All kinds of stuff


How many different materials can you spot?

What groups could you sort these materials into?

8E Naming materials


New materials can be made by scientists.

How many brand new materials do you think are recorded every day?

How many materials are there to the nearest million?

That’s a lot of stuff! What are all these materials made of?

5 0005 000

26 000 00026 000 000

8E How many materials?


All materials are made up of substances called elements.

You can think of the elements as the ‘materials alphabet’.

Letters are the building blocks of all words.

The English alphabet contains 26 letters.

These letters combine in different ways to make about 750 000 different words.

Elements are the building blocks of all materials.

These elements combine in different ways to make more than 26 million different materials.

The materials alphabet contains about 100 elements.

8E The materials alphabet


How many words can you make from the letters in the word materials?

The letters in the word ‘materials’ can be used to make more than 100 new words!!! Here are just a few...

malematmeatmastermisterYou can see how combining the letters in different ways produces many different words.How does this relate to elements and materials?

tale tame team term tears

let lamelatelaser least

sealseamstarstarestale

ear eatelmeatseast

am aimarmartarms

8E The materials alphabet


Examples of different combinations of the same elements making different compounds…

8E Combining elements

Carbon + hydrogen + oxygen sugars

ethanol

Add another element and get a different kind of material…

Different combinations of elements produce different materials with different properties.

carbon + hydrogen plastic

fuel


Elements are relevant to scientists but are elements relevant to you?

Take a look…

8E Are elements relevant?

What is the most common element in a human being?

hydrogen 10%metals 3%nitrogen 3%carbon 11%phosphorus 1%

oxygen 65%


Elements



Each element is made up of one type of particle.

We know that there are about 100 different elements.So how many different atoms are there?

The tiny particles that make up an element are called atoms.

Do different elements have different atoms?

8E What are elements made of?


Elements are the building blocks of all materials.But what are elements actually made of?

What do you notice about the particles in gold?

8E What are elements made of?


Chemical symbols are used to represent the elements.

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Which elements do these symbols represent?

H hydrogen or helium?

B beryllium or boron?

Ca calcium or carbon?

P phosphorus or potassium?

K potassium or krypton?

8E Symbols of the elements


The elements are listed in the periodic table.

8E The periodic table


You are now ready to meet REG and play a game of ELEMENT BINGO!

How well do you know the elements and their symbols?

Draw a simple grid of 5 boxes in a row like this one.

Write down the symbols for 5 of the first 20 elements in these boxes.

Make sure your neighbour hasn’t copied your 5 symbols.

8E Element bingo


8E Element bingo


The element oxygen is a colourless gas that keeps us alive.

What will the particles in oxygen gas be made of?

What is surprising about the number of oxygen atoms in each particle of oxygen gas?

8E Molecules of elements


Each oxygen particle contains two oxygen atoms that have paired up.

Any particle that contains at least two atoms joined together is called a molecule.

How many molecules are shown in the diagram?

8E Molecules of elements

molecule of oxygen


An oxygen molecule can be represented by combining thesymbols for its atoms.

O2 is called the formula of oxygen.

OO O O

oxygen atom oxygen atom oxygen molecule

O O O2

What does the small number “2” tell us?

+==

+

8E Molecules and symbols


Test your elements expertise with this true or false quiz.

An element is made up of only one type of atom.

All atoms are the same.

Each element has its own type of atom.

There are about 100 different elements so there are about 100 different atoms.

TRUE

FALSE

TRUE

TRUE

8E True or false?

Elementary, my dear Watson!”


Test your elements expertise with this true or false quiz.

A substance that is not an element contains more than one type of atom.

The symbol for an element is always the first letter of its name.

The chemical symbol for the element carbon is O.

The same chemical symbols are used all over the world.

TRUE

FALSE

FALSE

TRUE

8E True or false?

Elementary, my dear Watson!”


Combining atoms



We know that there are just over 100 different elements.

But there are over 26 million different types of material all made from the atoms of these elements.

How is this possible?

New materials form when atoms join together.

A material that is made of more than one type of atom joined together is called a compound.

8E Making compounds


Can you match each word to its definition?

1 atom

2 element

3 compound

A A material made up of different atoms.

B The basic building blocks of materials.

C A material containing only one sort of atom.

8E Common compounds...

B The basic building blocks of materials.

C A material containing only one sort of atom.

A A material made up of different atoms.


Two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered in water.

Water is a compound with the chemical formula…

What are particles of water called?

What atoms are there in each molecule (particle) of water?

What might a diagram of a water molecule look like?

H2O.

8E Water molecules


In each water molecule there is one oxygen atom…

OHH

...joined to two hydrogen atoms.

What will lots of molecules in liquid water look like ?

H2O

8E Water molecules


8E Making marvellous molecules!


In real life, compounds are not made in a Marvellous Molecule Maker Machine!

So how are they really made?

Compounds are made when elements join together or when compounds change into other compounds.

This involves a chemical change.

What is a chemical change also called?

8E Chemical reactions


Diamond is made of carbon atoms.And believe it or not, a diamond can be burnt in oxygen!

CO O O OC

carbon oxygen carbon dioxide+

+

8E Burning a diamond!

What compound is the product of burning a diamond?

What happens to the atoms of the reactants in a chemical reaction?


Methane is the gas used in gas cookers.

Carbon dioxide is produced when methaneis burnt. What is the other product?

CO O O OC

methane oxygen carbon dioxide+

+

What do you notice about the numbers of atoms on each side of the equation?

H

H

H H

8E Burning methane

+ hydrogen gas

+ HHHH


Complete these statements about chemical reactions with:

reactants products atoms

1. The ? are shown on the right-hand side of a word equation.

2. The left-hand side of a word equation shows the ?.

3. New substances are produced when the ? of the ? recombine to form the ?.

4. The number of ? is always the same on each side of a chemical equation.

8E Fill in the blanks


1. The periodic table is found in every chemistry lab.What will you find listed in the periodic table?

a) elephantsb) compounds c) elements

2. There are just over 100 elements. Each element is represented by its own unique…

a) lawyerb) symbolc) equation

8E Quiz


3. A substance that is made up of more than one element is called…

a) a compass b) a complaintc) a compound

4. Particles that are made up of more than one atom joined together are called…

a) molehillsb) moleculesc) muggles

8E Quiz


5. A molecule contains at least two atoms joined together.Which of these exist as molecules?

a) compounds onlyb) elements onlyc) some compounds and elements

6. Carbon dioxide has the formula CO2.

What atoms are there in a molecule of carbon dioxide?

a) 1 atom of carbon and 1 atom of oxygenb) 1 atom of carbon and 2 atoms of oxygenc) 2 atoms of carbon and 1 atom of oxygen

8E Quiz


7. The compound magnesium oxide is formed when which two elements react?

a) magnesium + oxideb) magnesium + oxygen c) magnets + oxygen

8E Quiz

8. Which of these shows the word equation for the formation of water ?

a) hydrogen + water oxygenb) water hydrogen + oxygenc) hydrogen + oxygen water

© OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college 8E Atoms and elements Materials Elements Combining atoms.

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