Scott Rigby, Ph.D. Immersyve, Inc. www.immersyve.com
" Optimizing Motivation, Learning and Behavior Change in your Serious Game" By Scott Rigby - Serious Play Conference 2012
Dec 24, 2014
Scott Rigby speaks about "Optimizing Motivation, Learning and Behavior Change in your Serious Game" at the 2012 Serious Play Conference
ABSTRACT:
The goal of serious games is not the game itself. The game mechanics are but a tactic to the true goals of creating a deeper sustained engagement with users that results in deeper learning, greater behavior change, and sustained value. As such, the real key to understanding how to strategize, design, and deploy serious games in domains such as health, education, and training lies in understanding the basic psychological needs of users, designing experiences that facilitate these needs to intrinsically deepen motivation and achieve the desired goals.
This session will review a highly validated applied model of motivation - the "Player Experience of Need Satisfaction" - that is based in 30 years of behavioral science research using a leading theory of motivation (Self-Determination Theory). Examples of practical application in education, health care, and other domains will be given throughout the talk to provide the audience with clear, practical takeaways.
ABSTRACT:
The goal of serious games is not the game itself. The game mechanics are but a tactic to the true goals of creating a deeper sustained engagement with users that results in deeper learning, greater behavior change, and sustained value. As such, the real key to understanding how to strategize, design, and deploy serious games in domains such as health, education, and training lies in understanding the basic psychological needs of users, designing experiences that facilitate these needs to intrinsically deepen motivation and achieve the desired goals.
This session will review a highly validated applied model of motivation - the "Player Experience of Need Satisfaction" - that is based in 30 years of behavioral science research using a leading theory of motivation (Self-Determination Theory). Examples of practical application in education, health care, and other domains will be given throughout the talk to provide the audience with clear, practical takeaways.
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Transcript
Scott Rigby, Ph.D.Immersyve, Inc.
www.immersyve.com
Integrating Media and EmpiricismIntegrating Media and Empiricism
Health Care•Deeper and Broader Reach•Lifestyle/Preventative Health•Greater Adherence
Training•Greater Engagement•Deeper Processing•Greater Productivity/Expertise
Education•Chalk vs. iPads•Effective Learning•Global Competition
We need to We need to motivate and sustain engagement motivate and sustain engagement in a in a world of increasing choice and volitionworld of increasing choice and volition
Core Model: Basic Psychological NeedsCore Model: Basic Psychological Needs
The satisfaction of these needs leads to more value The satisfaction of these needs leads to more value and positive outcomesand positive outcomes
• Sustained Engagement
• Value
• Deeper Learning
• Vitality/Energy
Autonomy
Competence
Relatedness
Facilitating these needs is associated Facilitating these needs is associated with…with…Sustained health (physical and mental)Increased Creativity Greater VitalityDeeper information processing (learning and training)Greater satisfaction at work and in relationshipsAnd…
““Player Experience of Need Satisfaction” Player Experience of Need Satisfaction” (PENS)(PENS)
Gamification:Gamification:Need Satisfaction vs. “Fun”Need Satisfaction vs. “Fun”
PENS predicts sustained engagement over nine months. “Fun” does not
This also supports the idea that Need satisfaction (PENS) is explaining fun at a deeper level
MultipleRegression
Analysis
** means that statistically there is a greater than 99% chance PENS is predicting these outcomes
Study Example: 800+ players
GRANULAR Competence Feedback
GRANULAR Competence Feedback
SUSTAINED competence feedback
SUSTAINED competence feedback
CUMULATIVE Competence
Feedback
CUMULATIVE Competence
Feedback
This is meaningful because it is
opening up new opportunities and a sense of power
and ability
This is meaningful because it is
opening up new opportunities and a sense of power
and ability
Tank Healer
Nice shot Bob
I’ve got your back…
Motivation is a continuumMotivation is a continuum
Intrinsic Motivation
• Inherent Satisfaction
• Autotelic
• Inherent Satisfaction
• Autotelic
ExtrinsicMotivation
External Introjected Identified Integrated
-Control with rewards & punishments-Compliance
-Control with rewards & punishments-Compliance
-Guilt/Shame-Self-pressure-Ego-involvement
-Guilt/Shame-Self-pressure-Ego-involvement
-Self truly endorses & values goal
-Self truly endorses & values goal
-Goals are integrated-Goals are integrated
You’ve Just Won the
“I’ve Won A Lot of Badges”
Badge!
You’ve Just Won the
“I’ve Won A Lot of Badges”
Badge!
The Undermining Effect: Deactivation of Bilateral Striatum as a Function of Rewards in
Subsequent Performance
The Undermining Effect: Deactivation of Bilateral Striatum as a Function of Rewards in
Subsequent Performance
Control Group
Reward Group
The Undermining Effect: Deactivation of Bilateral Striatum as a Function of Rewards in
Subsequent Performance
The Undermining Effect: Deactivation of Bilateral Striatum as a Function of Rewards in
Subsequent Performance
Control Group
Reward Group
Why the “Biggest Loser” model is the Biggest Loser Why the “Biggest Loser” model is the Biggest Loser Extrinsic rewards have a strong negative impact on
sustained healthy change as well as satisfaction
Kill Puppy
Kill Puppy
Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic IncentivesIntrinsic vs. Extrinsic Incentives
Intrinsic Motivation is a
stronger predictor of
sustained engagement
Intrinsic Motivation is a
stronger predictor of
sustained engagement
Motivational Metrics in Interactive Entertainment:Motivational Metrics in Interactive Entertainment:“Player Experience of Need Satisfaction” (PENS)“Player Experience of Need Satisfaction” (PENS)
Metric Example Target Questions
Competence • Is the player satisfied with the level of challenge in the game?• Do they feel they have the opportunity to stretch themselves,
but also to express their mastery (e.g. dominate)?
Autonomy • Does the player feel a sense of volition during play? Do they perceive choice and opportunity in what to do and how to do it? (“Opportunities for Action”)
• Does the player feel “volitional engagement” in the game’s story and path of action?
Relatedness • Does the player feel like NPC characters care about them/that they “matter”?
• Do multiplayer mechanics and design structures encourage support and meaningful collaboration in coop play?
• Do competitive mechanics maximize informational feedback for all players (even after a loss), and minimize shame?
Control Mastery • Does the player feel a sense of mastery of the controls, such that they can easily translate their intentions into action, easily and intuitively?
Feature and Trade-off AnalysisFeature and Trade-off Analysis
e.g. Features/Content PENS AnalysisSustained Enjoyment
Game Mechanic 1
Game Mechanic 2 - -
Game Mechanic 3 -
Game Mechanic 4 - -
Game Mechanic 5 - -
Game Mechanic 6Comp. Aut. Rel.
PENS testing assists with trade-off analyses
Assists in understanding why customers are enjoying/not enjoying features and content
Facilitating Need SatisfactionFacilitating Need Satisfaction
Intrinsic Motivation
• Inherent Satisfaction
• Autotelic
• Inherent Satisfaction
• Autotelic
ExtrinsicMotivation
External Introjected Identified Integrated
-Control with rewards & punishments-Compliance
-Control with rewards & punishments-Compliance
-Guilt/Shame-Self-pressure-Ego-involvement
-Guilt/Shame-Self-pressure-Ego-involvement
-Self truly endorses & values goal
-Self truly endorses & values goal
-Goals are integrated-Goals are integrated
Relations between Autonomous Motivation and Relations between Autonomous Motivation and Academic Goals, Values, & Learning StrategiesAcademic Goals, Values, & Learning Strategies
Note. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001; Yamauchi & Tanaka (1998)
.13*.16**.40***.38***Surface Process
.56***.54***.27***-.04Deep Process
Learning Strategies
.58***.49***.24***-.02Valuing of outcomes
-.42***-.37***-.02.19***Work-Avoidance Orientation
*
.62***.58***.37***.15**Learning Orientation
Goal Orientation
IntrinsicIdentifiedIntrojectedExternalSubscales
Correlations of motivational constructs and Total Moderate-Intensity Exercise per ACSM/AHA guidelines
External Regulation
-.18
Introjected Regulation
.22
Identified Regulation
.45***
Intrinsic Motivation
.34*
Controlled Motivation
.05
Autonomous Motivation
.42**
Autonomy Support
Control
Amotivation
ExternalRegulation
IdentifiedRegulation
IntrojectedRegulation
IntrinsicMotivation
Persistence10 mo.
Persistence 22 mo.
-.38
.44
.54
.25
-.41
.34
-78
.28
.48
.35
.28
.43
.21
-.28
-.67
-.87
Persistence as a Function of Coaching Climate Persistence as a Function of Coaching Climate and Motivationand Motivation
BehavioralBehavioral
MotivationalMotivational
Does X Does X
Why?Why?
I did X because I should…
I did X because I should…
X is awesome!X is awesome!
X is dull, but will get me Y…X is dull, but
will get me Y…
BehavioralBehavioral MotivationalMotivational
Scott [email protected]
www.immersyve.comTwitter: @csrigby
Other Resources
Presentations and Papers:
www.immersyve.com/downloads
Latest Book: “Glued to Games”
Other Resources
Presentations and Papers:
www.immersyve.com/downloads
Latest Book: “Glued to Games”
Useful Links:
www.seriousplayconference.comwww.seriousgamesdirectory.comwww.seriousgamesassociation.com
Contact:
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