࣓ࡢබ❧ᅗ᭩㤋ࡅ࠾ ᮇࡢඣ❺ࢧࢫ࠸ࡘࡢᢈⓗ⪃ᐹ 㔝 Ꮚ ឡ▱ᏛἨ▷ᮇᏛ A Critical Study on the Initial Service to Children in American Public Libraries Kazuko Kuno ࢻ㸸 ࣓ࡢබ❧ᅗ᭩㤋 American public libraries ࠊඣ❺ࢧ ࢫservice to children ࠊ᪥᭙Ꮫᅗ᭩ᐊ Sunday-School libraryࢶࢭࠊ࣓ࢺ ࢫSettlement House ࡌࡣ ࣓ࡢබ❧ᅗ᭩㤋 ࠊࡣࢠࢫ୪ ࠊୡ⏺᪩⌮ࡃᛕⓗࠊไᗘⓗ࡞Ⓨᒎ㐙 ࠊࡆඛ㐍ⓗ࡞ᅗ᭩㤋ࢧࢫᥦ౪ࡋࠋࡓࡋ ࠊࡋࡢࡑ㉳※ࠊࡣᡂேဨࢯࢩ 1) ࡓࡓࡗ࠶ࢧࠊࢫᑐ㇟ࡢᐃ ࠊࡣᡂே㝈ᐃࡉࡘࠋࡓ࠸ࠊබ❧ᅗ᭩ 㤋ࠊࡣᙜࠊᡂேࢧࡢࡅࢫ࡞␗ࡣ ≉࡞ඣ❺ࢧࡢࢫᚲせᛶ࠸ࡘࠊ ࡓࡗࡃㄆ㆑ࡉࡀ࡞࠸ࡢࡓࡗ࠶ࠋබ❧ᅗ᭩ 㤋ࢧࡢࢫ୰ࠊඣ❺ࢧࡗࡋࡀࢫ ⨨ࡅࠊࡣࡢࡓ19 ୡ⣖ 20 ୡ⣖ࡢኚ ┠ࡗ࡞ࠋࡓࡗ࠶ᐇࠊබ❧ᅗ᭩ 㤋ࡀไᗘⓗ☜❧ࡉ ࡓ1850 ᖺ௦ࠊୡ ⣖㏆ࡃ⤒ࡗࡢࡓ࠸࠶ࠋᮏ✏ ࡢࡑࠊࡣ19 ୡ⣖ᚋ 20 ୡ⣖๓ࡢ௦୰ᚰ ࠊඣ❺ࢧࡢࢫᮇࡅ࠾ᛮṔ ࠸ࡘ※ࡢࡑࠊὶ⣣ゎࠊࡁᅵࡓࡗ࡞ࡢぢ ᤣࡀ࡞࠼ࠊᴫほࡋࡉࠋ࠸ࡓࡁ࠸ ࡢࡑࠊ୰ࠊ≉ᐃࢧࡢࢫᐇ㊶ᑐࡋࠊᚑ᮶ࡢㄝ ␗࡞ᢈⓗ࡞ゎ㔘ࠊ┳ࡣࡃࡋ㐣ࡉ ࡁࡓព⩏࡞࠸ࡘ☜ㄆࡢࡑࠊࡋホ౯ヨ ࠋ࠸ࡓ㸰.ඣ❺ࢧࡌࡣࡢࢫ ࣓ࡢඣ❺ᅗ᭩㤋 ࠊࡣ1803 ᖺ ࢥࠊ ࢳ ࢺᕞ ࢣࡢ (Caleb Bingham)ࡀタ⚾ࡓࡋタࡢᅗ᭩㤋ࡔゝ ࠸ࠋࠊࡣࢺࢫฟ∧ᴗ᭩⡠ ᑠႠ⚾ࠊࡀࡓ࠸㈈ᢞࡌඣ❺ ࡓࡢࡢᅗ᭩㤋సࠊ㸷ṓ 16 ṓࡢᏊ ᮏ㈚ฟࡓࡋ࠺ࡇࠋࡓࡋಶேඣ❺ ࡢࡅᑠ⚾࡞ࡉタࡢᗜᅗ᭩㤋ࢽࡣࢢ ࢻᆅ᪉ࡘࡃ࠸ぢࠊࡀࡓᚲࡋࡎ↓ᩱ ࡞ࡣ ࠋࡓࡗ2) ᪉ࠊඣ❺බ❧ᅗ᭩㤋⏝↓ᩱࢧ ࢫ࠺࠸᪂࠸ࡋ⪃࠼ᡴࡕฟ ࠊࡣࡢࡓࡋ1876 ᖺ ࠊࢳࢧࢭࢶᕞࢡࢪࡢබ ❧ᅗ᭩㤋⌮ࡢࢳࡓࡗ࠶ࢬࢲ ࢬ(Charles Adams)࠶ࠋᙼࠊࡣᏛᩍ⫱ ┠ࡢⓗ⮬ࡣᕫᩍ⫱ࡀࡁඣ❺⫱ࡢᡂ࠶⪃ ࠊ࠼ࡓࡢࡑࡣᅗ᭩㤋⏝ࡓࡋㄞ᭩⩦⫱ࡢᡂ ࡀ㔜せ࠶ᥦၐࡢࡓࡋ࠶ ࠋ3) ࡑ ࠊබ❧ᅗ᭩㤋ࠊࡣබᩍ⫱⤊ᚋࡢᡂேᑐࡋ ࠊᏛ⩦ࡢᶵሗᥦ౪ಖ㞀ࡍࡢ࠺࠸⪃ ࡀ࠼ὶࠊࡀࡓࡗ࠶ࢲࠊࡣࢫබᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ ࡅ࠾Ꮫ⩦ᨭࡍࡓࠊබ❧ᅗ᭩㤋 ⏝ࡍࡇ⪃࠼ฟࡢࡓࡋ࠶ࡋࠋ ࠊࡋⱝ⪅ᙼࡢዲ㏻᭩チᐜࡋㄞ᭩ឡㄞ ᭩⩦⫱࠺⪃ࡓ࠼ࢺࢫබ❧ᅗ᭩㤋 ⌮ࡢࢪࢪࢸࢼࢡ (George Ticknor) ␗ࡗ࡞ࠊࢲࠊࡣࢫፗᴦẼఇࡓࡢ ࡢ㍍ㄞ᭩ᮏࡃ࠾ࡁ࠸࡞ࡣၐࡓ࠼ཝ᱁ ࡞Ⰻ᭩⩏⪅ࠋࡓࡗ࠶ᴫࡋ 19 ୡ⣖ࡢᩍ⫱ 㸫 㸫