अनटाइटल्ड - NSDC

iii

iv

SKILL COUNCIL FOR GREEN JOBS

is hereby issued by the

for

SKILLING CONTENT : PARTICIPANT HANDBOOK

Complying to National Occupational Standards ofJob Role/ Qualification Pack: ‘Solar PV Installer (Civil)’ QP No. ‘SGJ/ Q 0103 NSQF Level 4’

Authorised Signatory(Skill Council for Green Jobs)

COMPLIANCE TOQUALIFICATION PACK – NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL

STANDARDS

Certificate

SSC LogoHeight - 2 cm

Width -Proportionate

ly scaled

*Valid up to the next review date of the Qualification Pack or the ‘Valid up to’ date mentioned above (whichever is earlier)

Date of Issuance: 10/05/2016 Valid up to*: 01/10/2018

Dr. Praveen Saxena

v

vkHkkj

,Mh,l Xykscy ukyst ,dsMeh

ikWoj,Dlih dalYVsaV~l fyfeVsM

Dyhu ,Dlsl ,uthZ usVodZ

varjkZ"Vªh; fodkl ds fy, la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ,tsalh

fdrhZ lksyj fyfeVsM

jk"Vªh; lkSj ÅtkZ laLFkku

vi

çfrHkkxh iqfLrdk

Hkkjr ljdkj us o’kZ 2022 rd lkSj ÅtkZ ls 100]000 eSxkokV dh {kerk gkfly djus dk y{; j[kk gSA blesa iwjs ns”k esa QSyh gqbZ fofHkUu bekjrksa vkSj edkuksa dh Nrksa ls 40]000 eSxkokV dh {kerk “kkfey gSA uo vkSj v{k; ÅtkZ ea=ky;] bl egRokdka”kh y{; dks iwjk djus ds fy, vkxkeh 3 o’kksZa esa yxHkx 50]000 lw;Zfe=ksa dks Áf”k{k.k nsus dh ;kstuk cuk jgk gSA rduhdh :i ls Áf'kf{kr visf{kr fo”kky tu”kfDr dks ns[krs gq,] fLdy dkmafly QWkj xzhu tkWCl us lw;Zfe= ds uke ls lksyj ihoh baLVkWyj ds fy, ,d fo”ks’k dkS”ky ikB~;Øe dk y{; j[kk gSA ;s lksyj ihoh baLVkWyj ¼flfoy½ Nr ij lksyj QksVksokWYVsd flLVe ds eSdsfudy vkSj flfoy bULVkWys'ku djus vkSj mudk j[kj[kko djus dh fo”ks’kKrk j[ksaxsA

;g ÁfrHkkxh vH;kl&iqfLrdk dh :ijs[kk lksyj ihoh baLVkWyj ¼flfoy½ DokyhfQds”ku iSd] SGJ/Q0103 ds vuqlkj Nrksa ij lksyj ihoh baLVkWys”ku] muds Ápkyu vkSj vuqj{k.k ds laca/k esa lS)kafrd ,oa O;kogkfjd Áf”k{k.k nsus ds fy, cukbZ xbZ gS vkSj ;s www.greenskillcouncil.in/NOS osclkbV ls eq¶r MkmuyksM ds fy, miyC/k gSA

bl iqLrd dh :ijs[kk bl ckr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, cukbZ xbZ gS fd lw;Zfe= dh U;wure “kS{kf.kd vgZrk vkbZVhvkbZ@fMIyksek gksxhA cgjgky] bl iqLrd ds ,d Hkkx ds :i esa] bl dk;Z gsrq visf{kr bysfDVªdy rFkk flfoy fl)karksa muds Kku dks la”kksf/kr djus dk Á;kl fd;k x;k gSA bl iqLrd dh fo’k;oLrq dks vR;f/kd lS)kafrd fooj.k rFkk x.kuk ds fcuk ljy Hkk’kk esa O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA ;g dYiuk dh xbZ gS fd ;g Áf”k{k.k fu;ekoyh mEehnokjksa dks Nr ij lksyj QksVksokWYVsd Á.kkyh ds fy, lHkh ykxw lafgrkvksa] ekudksa rFkk laj{kk vis{kkvksa dk vuqikyu djrs gq, bULVkWy vkSj bldk vuqj{k.k djus ds fy, visf{kr Kku ,oa dkS”ky miyC/k djk,xh( vkSj mUgsa c<+ jgs lksyj :QVkWi ekdsZV esa lfØ;rkiwoZd fgLlsnkjh djus esa leFkZ cuk,xhA

fLdy dkmafly QkWj xzhu tkWCl buds cgqewY; lg;ksx ds fy, vkHkkjh gSA

� jk’Vªh; lkSj ÅtkZ laLFkku

� USAID PACE-D dk;ZØe

� Dyhu ,Dlsl ,uthZ usVodZ

� ADS Xykscy ukyst ,dsMeh

� LekVZ czsUl

fLdy dkmafly QkWj xzhu tkWCl dh vksj ls Jh rue; fc”uksbZ] Á/kku& ekud ,oa vuqla/kku rFkk lqJh xhfrdk pkSgku] rduhdh ,lksfl,V us bl iqLrd dk leUo;] lesfdr vkSj lgys[ku fd;k gSA

bl iqLrd esa Á;qDr bdkb;ka vkSj fpUg uhps crk, x, gSaA

iqfLrdk ds fo"k; es

!

lq>ko

!

lq>ko

!

lq>ko

vii

lksyj ihoh baLVkWyj ¼flfoy½

fo"k;lwph

Ø- la ekWM~;wy ,oa ;wfuV i`"B la[;k

1. ÅtkZ lkSj ÅtkZ vkSj fo|qr dh ewyHkwr fu;e (SGJ/N0101) 1

;wfuV 1-1 & ifjp;% lw;Z ls ÅtkZ 3

;wfuV 1-2 & vkse dk fu;e% fctyh djaV] oksYVst vkSj jsftlVsal 6

;wfuV 1-3 & lhjht vkSj iSjsyy esa dusD'ku 12

;wfuV 1-4 & ekiu midj.k 14

;wfuV 1-5 & i‚oj vkSj ÅtkZ 17

;wfuV 1-6 & Mk;jsDV djaV ¼Mhlh½ vkSj ,dkarj djaV ¼,lh½ 19

;wfuV 1-7 & vÉFkaZx vkSj vklekuh fctyh ls lqj{kk 21

2. lksyj QksVksokWYVsd (PV) flLVe ds cqfu;knh fu;e (SGJ/N0101) 25

;wfuV 2-1 & fu;e ,oa 'krsZa 27

;wfuV 2-2 & lw;Z iFk vkjs[k vkSj lkSj fofdj.k 31

;wfuV 2-3 & lksyj PV flLVe ds ?kVd 34

;wfuV 2-4 & lksyj QksVksokWYVsd flLVe ds Ádkj 38

;wfuV 2-5 & lksyj PV iSuy ds rduhdh iSjkehVj vkSj dk;Z Án'kZu 41

3. lksyj PV baLVkWys'ku ds fy, lkbV losZ{k.k (SGJ/N0101) 45

;wfuV 3-1 & xzkgd ds lkFk tqM+uk 47

;wfuV 3-2 & yksM fu/kkZj.k djus ds pj.k 51

;wfuV 3-3 & lkbV fu/kkZj.k djus ds pj.k 56

;wfuV 3-4 & xzkgd dh vko”;drkvksa ds vuq:i ,d PV lek/kku fudkyuk 62

4. lksyj PV flLVe ds flfoy vkSj eSdsfudy iqtks± dks yxkuk (SGJ/N0103) 65

;wfuV 4-1 & miLdj dh uhao dk fuekZ.k djokuk 67

;wfuV 4-2 & ekmafVax flLVe dks baLVkWy djuk 74

;wfuV 4-3 & QksVksokWYVsd ekWM~;wy baLVkWy djuk 86

;wfuV 4-4 & cSVjh cSad dk LVSaM vkSj bUoVZj dk LVSaM yxkuk 90

Table of Contents

S.No Modules and Units Page No

1. Introduction 1

2. Performing Housekeeping Operations Manually (THC/N0209) 19

3. Cleaning of Floors and areas Manually (THC/N0211) 52

4. Cleaning of Furniture, Fixtures and Vertical Surfaces (THC/N0213) 98

5. Maintain Area Neat and Tidy (THC/0216) 123

6. Collect and Dispose Waste Properly (THC/0217) 130

Unit 1.1 - Objectives of the program 2

Unit 1.2 - Tourism and hospitality sector in India 4

Unit 1.3 - Housekeeping services 8

Unit 1.4 - Job role of a housekeeping attendant 14

Unit 2.1 - Principles and practices of cleaning 20

Unit 2.2 - Housekeeping equipment, their usage and maintenance 27

Unit 2.3 - Housekeeping consumables and cleaning agents 38

Unit 2.4 - PPE - personal protective equipment 43

Unit 2.5 - Planning and preparation for performing the assigned tasks 47

Unit 3.1 - Cleaning of different types of flooring 53

Unit 3.2 - Cleaning of bathroom and public restroom 65

Unit 3.3 - Cleaning of kitchen and pantry 86

Unit 4.1 - Cleaning of different types of furniture 99

Unit 4.2 - Cleaning of appliances and other fixtures 108

Unit 4.3 - Cleaning of vertical surfaces 116

Unit 5.1 - Maintaining public areas neat and tidy 124

Unit 6.1 - Waste disposal in proper and safe way 131

Unit 6.2 - Waste segregation in proper and safe way 135

Housekeeping Attendant (Manual Cleaning)

vii

viii

çfrHkkxh iqfLrdk

5. ÁkstsDV lkbV ij futh LokLF; vkSj laj{kk dks cuk, j[kuk (SGJ/N0106) 93

;wfuV 5-1 & lqjf{kr dk;Zi)fr LFkkfir djuk vkSj mldk ikyu djuk 95

;wfuV 5-2 & ilZuy ÁksVsfDVo bfDoiesaV (PPE) bLrseky vkSj mudk j[kj[kko djuk 98

;wfuV 5-3 & laj{kk ds [krjksa dh igpku vkSj Á'keu djuk 103

;wfuV 5-4 & dk;Z LokLF; vkSj ÅapkbZ ij laj{kk 109

6. fu;¨tuh;rk ,oa m|e’khyrk d©’ky 113

;wfuV 6-1 & O;fDrxr {kerk,a ,oa ewY; 118

;wfuV 6-2 & fMftVy lk{kjrk & iqujko`fÙk 137

;wfuV 6-3 & /ku laca/kh ekeys 142

;wfuV 6-4 & jkstxkj Ok LOkjkstxkj ds fy, rS;kjh djuk 153

;wfuV 6-5 & m|e'khyrk dks le>uk 162

;wfuV 6-6 & m|eh cuus dh rS;kjh djuk 189

7. vuqca/k 209

vuqca/k 1% çR;{k lkekU; lkSj lalk/ku 210

vuqca/k 2% Xykscy {kSfrt lkSj lalk/ku 211

vuqca/k 3% Hkkjr dh lkSj {kerk% 748 thMCY;wih 212

Table of Contents

S.No Modules and Units Page No

1. Introduction 1

2. Performing Housekeeping Operations Manually (THC/N0209) 19

3. Cleaning of Floors and areas Manually (THC/N0211) 52

4. Cleaning of Furniture, Fixtures and Vertical Surfaces (THC/N0213) 98

5. Maintain Area Neat and Tidy (THC/0216) 123

6. Collect and Dispose Waste Properly (THC/0217) 130

Unit 1.1 - Objectives of the program 2

Unit 1.2 - Tourism and hospitality sector in India 4

Unit 1.3 - Housekeeping services 8

Unit 1.4 - Job role of a housekeeping attendant 14

Unit 2.1 - Principles and practices of cleaning 20

Unit 2.2 - Housekeeping equipment, their usage and maintenance 27

Unit 2.3 - Housekeeping consumables and cleaning agents 38

Unit 2.4 - PPE - personal protective equipment 43

Unit 2.5 - Planning and preparation for performing the assigned tasks 47

Unit 3.1 - Cleaning of different types of flooring 53

Unit 3.2 - Cleaning of bathroom and public restroom 65

Unit 3.3 - Cleaning of kitchen and pantry 86

Unit 4.1 - Cleaning of different types of furniture 99

Unit 4.2 - Cleaning of appliances and other fixtures 108

Unit 4.3 - Cleaning of vertical surfaces 116

Unit 5.1 - Maintaining public areas neat and tidy 124

Unit 6.1 - Waste disposal in proper and safe way 131

Unit 6.2 - Waste segregation in proper and safe way 135

Housekeeping Attendant (Manual Cleaning)

vii

1- ÅtkZ lkSj ÅtkZ vkSj

fo|qr dh ewyHkwr fu;e

;qfuV 1-1 – ifjp;% lw;Z ls ÅtkZ

;qfuV 1-2 – vkse dk fu;e% fctyh djaV] oksYVst vkSj jsftlVsal

;qfuV 1-3 – lhjht vkSj iSjsyy esa dusD'ku

;qfuV 1-4 – ekiu midj.k

;qfuV 1-5 – i‚oj vkSj ÅtkZ

;qfuV 1-6 – Mk;jsDV djaV ¼Mhlh½ vkSj ,dkarj djaV ¼,lh½

;qfuV 1-7 – vÉFkaZx vkSj vklekuh fctyh ls lqj{kk

SGJ/N0101

2

çfrHkkxh iqfLrdk

eq[; f'k{kk

bl ekWM~;wy ds var esa] vki%

1. lkSj ÅtkZ dk ewyHkwr fl)kar le>kuk

2. fctyh ls tqM+s ewyHkwr 'kCnksa tSls djaV] oksYVst] jsftlVsal le>kuk vkSj vkse dk fu;e Á;ksx djrs gq, muds chp dk laca/k le>kuk

3. jsftLVj dEchus'ku ds chp lhjht vkSj iSjsyy dusD'ku ds chp varj crkuk

4. fctyh ds lÆdV esa ifjorZu'khy rÙoksa dks ekius ds fy, bLrseky gksus okys lkekU; ekiu midj.kksa dh igpku djuk

5. ikoj vkSj ÅtkZ 'kCnksa ds ckjs esa le>kuk] lkFk gh muds chp ds laca/k ds ckjs esa le>kuk

6. vkYVjusfVax djaV ¼AC½ vkSj Mk;jsDV djaV ¼AC½ ds chp varj crkuk

About this bookThis Participant Handbook is designed to enable training for the specific Qualification Pack(QP). Each National Occupational (NOS) is covered across Unit/s.

Key Learning Objectives for the specific NOS mark the beginning of the Unit/s for that NOS. The symbols used in this book are described below.

…..

…..

Participant Handbook

vi

Symbols Used

Steps UnitObjectives

Key LearningOutcomes

Notes

Practical Exercise Summarize

3


bl ;wfuV ds var esa] vki%

1. lw;Z ls feyus okyh ÅtkZ ds ckjs esa tkuuk

2. ;g tkuuk fd lksyj QksVksokWYVsd D;k gS

3. lkSj ÅtkZ dk ewyHkwr fl)kar le>kuk

1-1-1 lw;Z

lw;Z ,d xksys dh rjg gS ftlesa xeZ xSlsa ekStwn gSaA lw;Z ds ØksM+ esa ?kfVr gks jgs U;wDyh;j ¶;wtu fj,D'kuksa ds dkj.k lw;Z ds vanj dk rkieku 20 fefy;u fMxzh dsfYou ls Åij igqap tkrk gSA U;wDyh;j fj,D'ku ds dkj.k] gkbMªkstu xSls fgyh;e ¼mRÑ"V xSl½ esa cny tkrh gSA rki ÅtkZ dk laogu çfØ;k }kjk vkarfjd ijr ls ckgjh ijr dh vksj varj.k gksrk gS vkSj fQj varfj{k esa Álkfjr dj nh tkrh gSA lw;Z dk Hkhrjh ØksM+ gkbMªkstu ijek.kq dh ijr ds dkj.k lh/ks fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk gSA ckgjh lrg ¼QksVksLQh;j ds uke ls tkuh tkrk gS½ dk rkieku yxHkx 6400 dsfYou gSA

i`Foh ij ;g ÅtkZ lky ds 356 fnu vkSj çfr fnu 8 ?kaVs ¼vkSlru½ igqaprh gSA vkb,] ge ;g le>us dh dksf'k'k djsa fd ç—fr bl vn~Hkqr 'kfDr dks fdl rjg ls bLrseky djrh gSA

� lw;Z dh ÅtkZ] tks *lkSj ÅtkZ* Hkh dgykrh gS] dh otg ls gh i`Foh ij iwjk ikfjfLFkfrdhra= fo|eku gSA

� ;g ikS/kksa vkSj isM+ksa }kjk vo'kksf"kr dh tkrh gS tks fQj i'kq] if{k;ksa vkSj ekuoksa }kjk Hkkstu ds :i esa bLrseky dh tkrh gSA

� i`Foh dh tyok;q dks cuk, j[kus esa lw;Z ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA ;g ty pØ dks 'kfDr Ánku djrk gSA blh dkj.k ls gesa gekjs jkst ds bLrseky ds fy, ufn;ksa] >hyksa vkSj lkxjksa ls ikuh feyrk gSA

rkieku dks dsfYou ¼K½ vkSj lsaVhxzsM ¼0C½ esa ekik tkrk gSA lw;Z dh ckgjh lrg ij rkieku yxHkx 6400 dsfYou ;k 6127 0C ¼rkieku K = 273 + rkieku 0C½ gSA

;qfuV 1-1-1 lw;Z dh ÅtkZ dk mi;ksx



…..

…..


vi

Symbols Used



Notes


;wfuV 1-1% ifjp;% lw;Z ls ÅtkZ

;wfuV ds mn~ns';

dksj lrg

QksVkslsuFksfll ds fy, vko';d

fnu vkSj jkr ds pØ ij çHkko

okVj pØ dks ykxw djuk

4

çfrHkkxh iqfLrdk

lw;Z dh fdj.kksa esa eq[;r% nks ?kVd gksrs gSa% rki vkSj çdk'kA

lw;Z dh ÅtkZ dk çdk'k ?kVd fo|qr mRiknu esa bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA

lkSj ÅtkZ dks fo|qr ÅtkZ esa cnyus okyh miyC/k rduhd *lksyj QksVksokWYVsd* dgykrh gSA

1-1-3 lksyj QksVksokWYVsd D;k gS\

lksyj PV iSuyksa dks flyhd‚u ls cuk;k tkrk gSA bls cukus dh çfØ;k dks fuEukafdr vk—fr esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

lksyj QksVksokWYVsd ¼PV½ rduhd% bldk vFkZ lw;Z ds çdk'k dh ÅtkZ dks lh/ks fo|qr ÅtkZ esa cnyuk gSA

lksyj PV lsy% bldk vFkZ og lsehdaMDVj gS tks lw;Z ds çdk'k dh ÅtkZ dks lh/ks DC ¼Mk;jsDV djaV½ fctyh esa cnyrh gSA

lksyj PV e‚Mîwy% bldk vFkZ fctyh iSnk djus ds fy, lksyj PV lsYl dh lhjht esa dusfDVM ,lsEcyh gSA

lksyj PV lkj.kh% bldk vFkZ DC fctyh iSnk djus ds fy, lksyj PV e‚Mîwy dh dusfDVM ,lsEcyh ¼lhjht@iSjsyy ;k nksuksa esa½ gSA

fp= 1-1-3 flyhd‚u ls PV iSuy dk fuekZ.k

iksyhflyhd‚u flYyh osQlZ lksyj lsy PV e‚Mîwy

1-1-2 ge lw;Z ls fdl çdkj dh ÅtkZ çkIr djrs gSa

fp= 1-1-2 lw;Z dh ÅtkZ ds ?kVd

rki

lw;Z

çdk'k lksyj Qks-VksokWYVsd

5


1-1-4 v{k; ÅtkZ ds vU; lzksr

fp= 1-1-4 v{k; ÅtkZ ds fofHkUu lzksr

v{k; ÅtkZ ds eq[; Qk;ns gSa

1. ;g ÅtkZ dk dHkh uk lekIr gksus okyk lzksr gS] ftldk eryc gS fd ;g i;kZoj.k esa çk—frd :i ls ges'kk miyC/k jgsxkA

2. ;g i;kZoj.k ij udkjkRed çHkkoksa dks de djrk gS] D;ksafd ;g ikjaifjd ÅtkZ lzksrksa ¼dks;yk] isVªksfy;e] vkfn½ dh rjg okrkoj.k dks çnwf"kr ugha djrk gSA

3. ;g ns'k ds lHkh lalk/kuksa ds fy, fctyh dk ,d vfrfjä lzksr gSA

4. v{k; ÅtkZ ds lzksrksa dk mu {ks=ksa esa Hkh nksgu fd;k ldrk gS ftudh jk"Vªh; fxzM rd igqap ugha gS ;k jk"Vªh; fxzM dh fctyh rd [kjkc igqap gSA

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v/;k;



…..

…..


vi

Symbols Used



Notes


2- lksyj QksVksokWYVsd

(PV) flLVe ds cqfu;knh fu;e

SGJ/N0101

;wfuV 2-1 & fu;e ,oa 'krsZa

;wfuV 2-2 & lw;Z iFk vkjs[k vkSj lkSj fofdj.k

;wfuV 2-3 & lksyj PV flLVe ds ?kVd

;wfuV 2-4 & lksyj QksVksokWYVsd flLVe ds Ádkj

;wfuV 2-5 & lksyj PV iSuy ds rduhdh iSjkehVj vkSj dk;Z Án'kZu

38

çfrHkkxh iqfLrdk

2-4-1 lksyj PV flLVe dh fdLesa

lksyj PV flLVe dh fdLeksa dks eksVs rkSj ij fuEufyf[kr Jsf.k;ksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gS %

fxzM&VkbM PV flLVe

� dsoy fxzM lIykbZ ds lkFk dke djrk gS

� vÁ;qDr lkSj ÅtkZ dh fxzM esa QhM dj ldrk gS

� lkSj ÅtkZ ls lh/ks cSVfj;ksa dks pktZ djus ds fy, bLrseky ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS

� AC vkWQ&fxzM flLVe ls lLrk vkSj fctyh fcy esa cpr djrk gS

� ysfdu cSdvi miyC/k ugha djkrk gS

fp= 2-4-1 Nr ij lksyj QksVksokWYVsd flLVe dh fdLesa

UNIT 2.3 Types of Solar Photovoltaic Systems

Unit Objec�ves

At the end of this unit, you will be able to:

� Iden�fy and Differen�ate the different types of solar photovoltaic systems

2.3.1 Types of Solar PV Systems

The types of Solar PV Systems can be broadly categorized as follows:

Fig. Types of Solar Photovoltaic Rooftop Systems

Grid-tied PV System

� Works only with grid supply

� Capable of feeding unu�lised solar energy to the grid

� Cannot be used for charging ba�eries directly from solar energy

� Cheaper than an AC off-grid system and saves on electricity bill

� But does not provide backup

Types of Solar PV Sysems

Grid Connected and Grid-�ed

Off-Grid Solar PV System

DC Off-grid Solar PV system

Standalone Solar PV system

Hybrid Solar PV System

bl ;wfuV ds var esa] vki%

1. lksyj QksVksokWYVsd flLVe dh fdLeksa dh igpku vkSj muds chp varj djuk



…..

…..


vi

Symbols Used



Notes


;wfuV 2-4% lksyj QksVksokWYVsd flLVe dh fofHké fdLesa

;wfuV ds mn~ns';

lksyj PV flLVe dh fdLesa

fxzM dusDVsM vkSj fxzM&VkbM

vkWQ&fxzM lksyj PV flLVe

DC vkWQ&fxzM lksyj PV flLVe

LVSaM,yksu lksyj PV flLVe

gkbfczM lksyj PV flLVe

39


DC vkWQ&fxzM lksyj PV flLVe

� DC flLVe fofHké oksYVst jsat] tSls 12V, 24V, 48V ij yksM ds fy, fMtkbu fd, tkrs gSaA

� yksM dks fu;af=r DC vkmViqV miyC/k djkus ds fy,] lksyj iSuyksa ls DC ikoj dh ek=k dks pktZ daVªksyj ds tfj, de fd;k tkrk gSA

� DC vk/kkfjr flLVe esa] ogka dksbZ LVSaMMZ oksYVst ugha gksrh gS

� DC ikoj esa oksYVst dh ek=k dks ?kVkuk@c<+kuk dfBu dk;Z gS

� DC esa vf/kd laÁs"k.k gkfu gksrh gS

� DC ikoj dk cSVfj;ksa esa vklkuh ls HkaMkj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS

� vkWQ fxzM lksyj PV flLVe ds fy, mi;qDr] D;ksafd jkr esa bLrseky ds fy, ikoj LVksj djuh gksrh gS

� fnu ds le; dk;Z ds fy,] ,d DC yksM tSls ia[kk vkfn dks ,d cSVjh ds fcuk lh/ks lksyj iSuy ls tksM+k tk ldrk gS

� blfy,] vkWQ fxzM lksyj PV flLVe ,d cSVjh cSad ;k cSVjh cSad ds fcuk gks ldrk gS] tks vis{kk vkSj xzkgd dh t:jr ij fuHkZj djrk gSA

fp= 2-4-2 fxzM&VkbM flLVe

fp= 2-4-3 cSVjh cSad ds lkFk DC vkWQ&fxzM lksyj PV flLVe

lksyj

pktZ daVªksyj

yksM

DC yksM

cSVjh

40

çfrHkkxh iqfLrdk

gkbfczM lksyj PV flLVe

ogka lksyj PV flLVe dh ,d vU; Js.kh gksrh gS tks fxzM dusfDVM gksus ds lkFk&lkFk cSVjh cSad okyh gks ldrh gSA bl Ádkj ds flLVe dks gkbfczM lksyj

lq>ko

lksyj PV flLVe dk p;u xzkgd dh yksM vko';drkvksa] dsanz@jkT; dh uhfr] fofu;eksa vkSj ctV ds vk/kkj ij pquk tkrk gSA

fp= 2-4-4 vdsys py ldus ;ksX; lksyj PV flLVe

fp= 2-4-5 gkbfczM lksyj PV fLkLVe

vH;kl

1. lksyj PV flLVe ds fofHké ?kVdksa dh igpku dhft,

2. lksyj PV flLVe ds fofHké fdLeksa ds fy, js[kkfp= vkjs[k cukb,



…..

…..


vi

Symbols Used



Notes


Tips

!

bUoVZjpkZt daVªksyjlksyj ,js

csVªjh

iEiQyksjkslsUV ysai

jsÝhtjsVj

Vhoh

jsfM;ks

ia[kk

daI;wVj

AC djaV

AC yksM

DC djaV DC djaV

AC yksM

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