NOTICE NOTICE These slides are provided to These slides are provided to augment the lectures presented in augment the lectures presented in Dr. Hatley’s History 2493-US Dr. Hatley’s History 2493-US Since 1877 course. If you miss Since 1877 course. If you miss class, you should not assume that class, you should not assume that merely perusing these will merely perusing these will provide you with sufficient provide you with sufficient information to do well on information to do well on examinations. examinations.
NOTICE These slides are provided to augment the lectures presented in Dr. Hatley’s History 2493-US Since 1877 course. If you miss class, you should.
Dec 22, 2015
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NOTICE NOTICE These slides are provided to These slides are provided to
augment the lectures presented in augment the lectures presented in Dr. Hatley’s History 2493-US Since Dr. Hatley’s History 2493-US Since 1877 course. If you miss class, you 1877 course. If you miss class, you should not assume that merely should not assume that merely perusing these will provide you with perusing these will provide you with sufficient information to do well on sufficient information to do well on examinations.examinations.
Aftermath of the Spanish-Aftermath of the Spanish-American War (1898) American War (1898)
The war of the United States The war of the United States with Spain was very brief. Its with Spain was very brief. Its results were many, startling, results were many, startling,
and of world-wide meaning. and of world-wide meaning. ――US Senator US Senator
Henry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot Lodge
Philippine IslandsPhilippine IslandsWilliam McKinley decided to William McKinley decided to
keep the Philippines, “in order keep the Philippines, “in order to uplift and civilize, and to uplift and civilize, and Christianize” the Filipinos Christianize” the Filipinos
US acquired the Philippines, US acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam and Puerto Rico, and Guam and paid Spain $20,000,000.paid Spain $20,000,000.
Philippine War or Philippine War or Insurrection (1899-1902)Insurrection (1899-1902)
Emilio Emilio Aguinaldo Aguinaldo (1869-1964)(1869-1964)
Guerrilla Guerrilla warfare warfare
4,374 4,374 Americans diedAmericans died
CubaCubaPlatt Amendment (1901)Platt Amendment (1901)Created an independent Cuban Created an independent Cuban
governmentgovernmentCuba forbidden to incur debts Cuba forbidden to incur debts
that it could not paythat it could not payCuba could not make treaties Cuba could not make treaties
with other countries that could with other countries that could undermine its independenceundermine its independence
CubaCuba
US would lease US would lease a 28,000 acre a 28,000 acre Naval base at Naval base at Guantánamo, Guantánamo, BayBay
CubaCuba
US could intervene to US could intervene to protect Cuban protect Cuban independenceindependence
US acquired other US acquired other possessions in the Pacificpossessions in the Pacific
The US Becomes a World PowerThe US Becomes a World Power
Alfred Thayer Alfred Thayer Mahan Mahan (1840-1914)(1840-1914)
The Influence of The Influence of Sea Power Upon Sea Power Upon History, 1660-History, 1660-17831783 (1890) (1890)
The US Becomes a World PowerThe US Becomes a World Power
The United States became a The United States became a major player in world affairs major player in world affairs and increasingly involved in and increasingly involved in
Latin America Latin America
ChinaChinaSino-Japanese War (1894-Sino-Japanese War (1894-
1895)1895)Formosa (Taiwan)Formosa (Taiwan)““spheres of influence”spheres of influence”US had its own interests in US had its own interests in
China:China:railroad investmentrailroad investment
ChinaChina
Fear of growing Japanese Fear of growing Japanese influenceinfluence
American emotional American emotional investmentinvestment
ChinaChinaSecretary of State
John M. HayInitiated the
“Open Door Policy”
ChinaChinaPeking Peking
(Beijing)(Beijing)Boxer Boxer
Rebellion Rebellion (1899-1900)(1899-1900)
ChinaChina
The Society of the The Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Righteous and Harmonious FistsFists
Boxers were anti-foreign Boxers were anti-foreign and anti-Christianand anti-Christian
ChinaChina
Farthing Farthing family, family, English English missionaries missionaries murdered by murdered by Boxers Boxers (1900)(1900)
ChinaChina
Peking in 1900Peking in 1900
US troops enter the Forbidden US troops enter the Forbidden City (1900) City (1900)
Peace Protocol of Peking Peace Protocol of Peking (1900) (1900)
ChinaChinaChina had to pay the coalition China had to pay the coalition
nations $333,000,000 in nations $333,000,000 in reparations (Russia got most of reparations (Russia got most of it).it).
Most of the US share, Most of the US share, $25,000,000, was later returned to $25,000,000, was later returned to China with the understanding that China with the understanding that it be used to educate Chinese it be used to educate Chinese students in the USstudents in the US
The Panama CanalThe Panama CanalIsthmian canalIsthmian canalWhy a Canal? Why a Canal? trade stimulustrade stimulusStrategic Strategic
concerns (naval concerns (naval and military)and military)
The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal
Battleship USS Battleship USS OregonOregon made made the two-month and 14,000-mile the two-month and 14,000-mile
voyage from Bremerton, voyage from Bremerton, Washington to Cuba (1898)Washington to Cuba (1898)
The Panama CanalThe Panama CanalThree obstacles to US Three obstacles to US
acquisition of an isthmian acquisition of an isthmian canal:canal:
La belle FranceLa belle France
The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal
Ferdinand de Ferdinand de Lesseps (1805-Lesseps (1805-1894)1894)
Suez Canal Suez Canal (1859-1869)(1859-1869)
The Panama CanalThe Panama CanalFrench were hampered by:French were hampered by:cholera, diphtheria, malaria, cholera, diphtheria, malaria,
small pox, tuberculosis, and small pox, tuberculosis, and yellow fever; over 20,000 yellow fever; over 20,000 French diedFrench died
antsantsantiquated equipmentantiquated equipmentpoor financingpoor financing
The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal
Great BritainGreat BritainClayton-Bulwer Treaty Clayton-Bulwer Treaty
(1850)(1850)
The Panama CanalThe Panama CanalNeither nation would gain Neither nation would gain
exclusive rights from Colombia exclusive rights from Colombia to build a canal; mutual to build a canal; mutual controlcontrol
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901)Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901)equal passage for all nationsequal passage for all nations
The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal
ColombiaColombiaPanama was a reluctant Panama was a reluctant
provinciaprovincia of Colombia of Colombia
The Panama CanalThe Panama CanalHay-HerrHay-Herráán Treaty (1903)n Treaty (1903)Strip of land six miles wideStrip of land six miles wide$10,000,000 $10,000,000 in goldin gold up front up front$250,000 annual rental fee$250,000 annual rental feeColombian Senate demanded Colombian Senate demanded
$25,000,000$25,000,000
The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal
With US support, With US support, Panamanians Panamanians revolted on revolted on 3 November 3 November 19031903
The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal
Dr. Manuel Dr. Manuel Amador Amador Guerrero (1833-Guerrero (1833-1909) (1904-1909) (1904-1908)1908)
The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal
República de PanamáRepública de PanamáHay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)(1903)
The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal The treaty was the same as The treaty was the same as that offered Colombia, that offered Colombia, except that the US got a except that the US got a strip of land ten miles widestrip of land ten miles wide
The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal$10,000,000 $10,000,000
up frontup front$250,000 $250,000
annual rental annual rental fee (annuity)fee (annuity)
Opened 14 Opened 14 August 1914August 1914
The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal
Tremendous economic boom Tremendous economic boom for Panamafor Panama
Carter-Torrijos Treaty (1978)Carter-Torrijos Treaty (1978)Canal would come under Canal would come under
Panamanian control at noon Panamanian control at noon on 31 December 1999on 31 December 1999
MexicoMexico
Porfirio Porfirio Díaz (1830-Díaz (1830-1915) 1915) (r.1876-(r.1876-1911)1911)
MexicoMexico
Francisco Francisco Madero Madero (1873-1913) (1873-1913) (r.1911-(r.1911-1913)1913)
MexicoMexico
General General Victoriano Victoriano Huerta Huerta (1854-1916) (1854-1916) (r.1913-(r.1913-1914)1914)
MexicoMexico
US President US President Woodrow Woodrow Wilson (1856-Wilson (1856-1924) (1913-1924) (1913-1921)1921)
MexicoMexico
Venustiano Venustiano Carranza Carranza (Constitutionalis(Constitutionalist) (1859-1920) t) (1859-1920) (1915-1920)(1915-1920)
Tampico Incident (1914)Tampico Incident (1914)
USS USS DolphinDolphin
Tampico (1914)Tampico (1914)
MexicoMexico
US troops US troops invaded and invaded and blockaded blockaded Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico’s principal Mexico’s principal port cityport city
US troops enter Veracruz (April 1914)US troops enter Veracruz (April 1914)
MexicoMexicoFrancisco Francisco
“Pancho” Villa “Pancho” Villa (Doroteo (Doroteo Arango) Arango) (1878?-1923)(1878?-1923)
Commanded Commanded the the Division Division del Nortedel Norte
MexicoMexico
Villa removed sixteen Villa removed sixteen American mining engineers American mining engineers from a train at Santa Isabel from a train at Santa Isabel and executed them (January and executed them (January
1916)1916)
Villa attacked Columbus, New Villa attacked Columbus, New Mexico and killed fourteen US Mexico and killed fourteen US
soldiers and ten civilians (March soldiers and ten civilians (March 1916)1916)
MexicoMexicoThe Punitive The Punitive
ExpeditionExpeditionBG John BG John
Joseph Joseph Pershing Pershing (1860-1948)(1860-1948)
MexicoMexico
First Lieutenant First Lieutenant George S. Patton George S. Patton Jr. (1885-1945)Jr. (1885-1945)
Patton while a Patton while a cadet at West cadet at West
Point Point
12,000 US soldiers entered 12,000 US soldiers entered Mexico to find Villa (March 1916)Mexico to find Villa (March 1916)
Santa Maria River near Valle (1916)Santa Maria River near Valle (1916)
MexicoMexicoUS troops traveled US troops traveled
416 miles 416 miles southwardsouthward
Villa was never Villa was never foundfound
Wilson ordered the Wilson ordered the Expedition home Expedition home (February 1917)(February 1917)
MexicoMexicoWas the operation a Was the operation a
complete failure?complete failure?US soldiers killed most of US soldiers killed most of
Villa’s “Generals,” including Villa’s “Generals,” including those closest to himthose closest to him
Villa lost his support among Villa lost his support among the Mexican peoplethe Mexican people
MexicoMexicoIn early 1917, Venustiano In early 1917, Venustiano
Carranza promulgated a new Carranza promulgated a new democraticdemocratic constitution and constitution and was elected presidentwas elected president
What became of Pancho What became of Pancho Villa?Villa?
MexicoMexico In 1920, In 1920,
Carranza’s Carranza’s successor, successor, Álvaro Álvaro Obregón,Obregón, gave gave Villa a villa in Villa a villa in central Mexico central Mexico
MexicoMexico
Villa was Villa was murdered in murdered in 1923 after he 1923 after he spoke of spoke of running for running for presidentpresident
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