© NOKIA Overview of wireless IP devices (Network implications…) IAB wireless workshop Mountain View Feb 29, 2000 Heikki Hämmäinen.

© NOKIA

Overview of wireless IP devicesOverview of wireless IP devices(Network implications…)(Network implications…)

IAB wireless workshop

Mountain View

Feb 29, 2000

Heikki Hämmäinen

© NOKIA

Focus of presentationFocus of presentation

• Interactive user terminal (vs. burglar alarm or webcam)• Personal terminal (vs. car, office, home)• "Real reality" (vs. virtual reality)• 100 kbits everywhere (vs. 100Mbits somewhere)• Several visual input types (one-handed, pen, keyboard)• Multiservice terminals (PS+CS, purse, GPS, FM radio, …)• Extensions to cellular (WLAN, BlueTooth, …)

© NOKIA

Technology trends of wireless handsetsTechnology trends of wireless handsets

• Color screen• Built-in battery• FM radio• MP3 audio• Video• PKI security• Location (GPS and cellular)• Voice recognition and control• Personal area networks for gadgets (BlueTooth)• OTA sync

Millions

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

Mobile Internet OutlookMobile Internet Outlook

More handsets than PCs connected to the Internet by the end of 2003 !More handsets than PCs connected to the Internet by the end of 2003 !

Projectedcellularsubscribers(Nokia 1999)

Projected PCsconnected tothe Internet(Dataquest 10/98)

Projected Webhandsets(Nokia 1999)

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Mobile internet will bring the total value of Mobile internet will bring the total value of the mediaphone use into a new levelthe mediaphone use into a new level

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

€ / month

'00 '02 '04 '06 '08

Consumer End-User Spending Scenario for Mobile Internet

Games, magazines,video, music

mCommerce andbanking

Location services

Informationbrowsing

© NOKIA

Cellular traffic evolution 2005Cellular traffic evolution 2005

Traffic distribution (include CS and PS data)

t

PSIP Telephony

CSPSTN

t

All Traffic

Data

Voice

Cellular voice traffic transferred over CS and PS.

Voice Traffic

3G

2G

Number of IPv6 terminals in different packet cellular networks.

t

# of IPv6 terminals per ntwk

IPv4 and IPv6 terminals in the packet cellular network.

v6

v4

# of IP terminals

t

100% 100%

100% 100%

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Why IPv6: Cost of patching IPv4 is the keyWhy IPv6: Cost of patching IPv4 is the key

• It is possible to implement new services using IPv4

• But, it is becoming more and more expensive to patch IPv4

• IPv6 can bend the cost curve

• Mobile players will face the cost challenge sooner because of

• more terminals, mobility, push, location

Cellular focus* 1000M handsets* always-on * mobility* peer-to-peer* push & location

Ope

rato

r co

st (

CA

PE

X+

OP

EX

)

# of subs100M 1000M

IPv4

IPv6

Current fixed IP focus* 100M PCs * dial-in / power on-off* wireline* client-server* retrieval services

© NOKIA

19991999 20002000

Mobile Internet will be always-on

2002200220012001

Se

ssio

ns

/ M

on

th /

GS

M s

ub

(lea

din

g m

ark

ets

)

Usage

Mobile WWW (WAP)Mobile WWW (WAP)

Fixed WWWFixed WWW

WAP

GPRS

IPv6

© NOKIA

Cohabitation of IP and telecom in handsetCohabitation of IP and telecom in handset

Isolated service sets

• sequential service for cellular (phone, fax, …) and IP (WAP, Web, email, ...)

• terminal: unified user interface, isolated stacks

• infra: radio capacity sharing, user-initiated IP connectivity, cellular push

Integrated service sets

• parallel service for cellular and IP (e.g. WAP and GSM voice)

• integrated service for cellular and IP (e.g. WTA and GSM voice)

• terminal: "pre all-IP" user interface

• infra: radio coordination, PS control plane for CS user plane

All-IP service set

• IP traffic evolution: bursty + streaming + real-time voice&video

• key requirements: fast session set-up, push, QoS (handover, delay, jitter)

© NOKIA

Handsets becoming trusted devices via PKI Handsets becoming trusted devices via PKI

Security integrated into terminal HW and/or SW

Security functionality installed on SIM card

SIM

Additional security chip,"Dual chip"

SC

SIM

Integrated reader for external smart cards, "dual slot"

External reader for external smart cards

SIMSIM

© NOKIA

Handsets becoming navigators Handsets becoming navigators

MSMS BSCBSCMSC/SGSNMSC/SGSN HLRHLR

Location request

Locationresponse GMLCGMLC

LCS application e.g.- CAMEL SCP

- WAP content server- fleet mgm.

LCS application e.g.- CAMEL SCP

- WAP content server- fleet mgm.

BTSBTS

BTSBTSSMLC

Location technology specific functionality in BSS: CI+TA, E-OTD and GPS can be accommodated

Combining location with radio interface relatedinfo allows interesting operator applications

MSC/SGSN queries the BSCfor the MS location

No positioning technology related information in NSS

LMUs will use wired connection to BTS

LMU

LMU

SMLC in BSS (integrated to BSC )

© NOKIA

Cellular data rates - hype and reality!Cellular data rates - hype and reality!

> 600> 600 171.2 kbit/s + V.42 Bis Compression171.2 kbit/s + V.42 Bis CompressionEncrypted and already compressed data (images) do not compress

Encrypted and already compressed data (images) do not compress

171.2171.2 8 Timeslots x 21,4 kbit/s, CS-48 Timeslots x 21,4 kbit/s, CS-4 This is theorethical maximum for carrier capacity

This is theorethical maximum for carrier capacity

149.8149.8 7 Timeslots x 21.4 kbit/s, CS-47 Timeslots x 21.4 kbit/s, CS-4 1 timeslot reserved for signalling1 timeslot reserved for signalling

115.2115.2 8 Timeslots x 14,4 kbit/s, CS-28 Timeslots x 14,4 kbit/s, CS-2 First network implementations support CS-1 and CS-2

First network implementations support CS-1 and CS-2

100.8100.8 7 Timeslots x 14.4 kbit/s, CS-27 Timeslots x 14.4 kbit/s, CS-2 1 timeslot reserved for signalling1 timeslot reserved for signalling

43.243.2 3+1 Timeslot mobile, CS-23+1 Timeslot mobile, CS-2First terminal implementations will be at most 3+1 (3 downlink TSs, 1 uplink). Uplink data rate 14,4 kbit/s

First terminal implementations will be at most 3+1 (3 downlink TSs, 1 uplink). Uplink data rate 14,4 kbit/s

34.634.6 -20 % protocol overhead-20 % protocol overhead Assumed 80-20 payload-protocol ratioAssumed 80-20 payload-protocol ratio

31.131.1 -10 % retransmissions-10 % retransmissions Retransmission rate depends on carrier qualityRetransmission rate depends on carrier quality

10-3010-30 SimulationsSimulations Simulation results for user data rateSimulation results for user data rate

kbit/sHow calculated Comments

Note: Radio path is a shared media: Carrier capacity Data rate seen by individual user

6/1

99

9

© NOKIA

IP Version 6:IP Version 6: The Basis of the All-IP System The Basis of the All-IP System• Huge growth of mobile Internet terminals will exhaust IPv4 address space

• All wireless terminals will have WAP and GPRS

IPv6 brings enough IP addresses

• Ease of scalability

• Supporting billions of new devices and huge amounts of new bandwidth

• Simplified, cost-efficient architecture without NATs , Proxies, ALGs,...

• Always-on connection establishes a variety of new services

• Push, location-based, etc.

• Integrated Security

• Efficiency: IPv6 improves efficiency in a number of areas.

• Routing, Broadcast handling

• Quality of Service improvements

• Fragmentation, Flows

• Mobility Across Access Technologies

3G RAN3G RAN

3G RAN3G RAN

CableCable

3G RAN3G RAN

DSLDSL

WLANWLAN

RASRAS

RASRAS

RASRAS

IPv6IPv6betweenbetween

access systemsaccess systems

IPv6IPv6all-IPall-IP

Packet CorePacket Core

GWGW PSTNPSTN

ER/FWER/FW

ER/FWER/FW

IPv4IPv4(public or private)(public or private)

IPv6IPv6(public or private)(public or private)

3G-3G-SGSNSGSN

3G-3G-SGSNSGSN 3G-3G-

SGSNSGSN

3G-3G-GGSNGGSN

© NOKIA

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