Перекрестки No.3-4 2011

(CASE), : , , 34/2011 ISSN 1822-5136 EBSCO-CEEAS (Central & Eastern European Academic Source) Indexed in the MLA International Bibliography : ( ), , , , , , , , , , : , . , , , . , , , . , , , , . , , , . , , 2001 . : Tauro str. 12, LT-01108 Vilnius Lithuania E-mail: [email protected] 70x1081/16. . . . . . 32,38. 300 . : Petro Ofsetas Savanori pr. 174D, LT-03153 Vilnius . . , , 2005. , -. , 2012 (CASE), 2012

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(, ) MIDzyMOrzE INTErMAruM : - ? ...................................................13

(, )INTErMArIuM. ..................................31

(, )TArPjrIS: ?...............................................................48

(, ) ( ) ....................................61

(, ) - ......................................................85

, (, ) ....................................... 103

(, ) ................................... 116

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(, ) : - ......................................... 134

(, ) : , , 1990- 2000- ...............158

(, ) ............ 185 CASE

(, ) : .................................... 200

(, ) (, , ) .............................. 221

(, ) .: ............................................................. 251

(, ) ............................................................. 274

(, ) : .................... 291

(-, ) : ........................................ 301

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(, ) : ................................................................... 317

(, ) , ? ( 1.) ........................................ 326

(, )VALErIE BuNCE, MIChAEL MCFAuL, KAThryN STONEr-WEISS (EDS.). DEMOCrACy AND AuThOrITArIANISM IN ThE POSTCOMMuNIST WOrLD ..........348

, (, )SErgIu MuSTEATA, IgOr CASu. Fr TErMEN DE PrESCrIPIE. ASPECTE ALE INVESTIgrII CrIMELOr COMuNISMuLuI N EurOPA ( . ) ...................................... 351 ............................................................................................. 360 .................................................................. 364

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Contents

EurOPE OF rEgIONS? AFTEr ThE AgE OF NATION-STATES Conversation with professor Michael Keating .......................................................9 A NEw REgioN of EuRopE: pARAdigmS of REgioNAl dEvElopmENt iN thE BAltiC-BlACk SEA iNtERmARum

Artyom Ulunyan (Moscow, Russia)NEW MIDzyMOrzE INTErMAruM AS A gEOSPATIAL rETrOPrOjECT WIThIN ThE EurOPE OF rEgIONS CONCEPTION: IS ThErE gEOhISTOrICAL PArADIgMA OF FLExIBLE rEgIONS IN EAST-CENTrAL EurOPE? ............................13

Oleg Bresky (Vilnius, Lithuania)INTErMAruM. PrOLEgOMENA TO SPATIAL POLITICS OF ThE rEgION .......................................................31

Philippe Perchoc (Bruges, Belgium)TArPjurIS: A rEgION WITh NO NAME?.....................................................48

Anastasia Klimovich (Minsk, Belarus)TErrITOrIAL ThINKINg AS A FACTOr IN rEgIONAL DEVELOPMENT (ThE CASE OF BELAruS PArTICIPATION IN ThE TrANSNATIONAL PrOgrAMME BALTIC SEA rEgION) .........61 iSSuES of REgioNAl SECuRitY

Donatas Vainalaviius (Vilnius, Lithuania)PErSPECTIVE OF A POST-MODErN EurOPEAN SECurITy OrDEr IN BALTIC-BLACK SEA INTErMAruM AND BEyOND................85

Irina Batorshina, Kretinin Gennady (Kaliningrad, Russia)SOME PrOBLEMS OF ENErgy SECurITy IN ThE BALTIC SEA rEgION........................................................................ 103

Hennadiy Maksak (Chernihiv, Ukraine)uKrAINES rOLE IN ShAPINg ThE ENErgy SECurITy OF ThE BLACK SEA rEgION ................................................... 116

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politiCS of mEmoRY iN BAltiC-BlACk SEA REgioN

Tatiana Zhurzhenko (Vienna, Austria)gEOPOLITICS OF MEMOry: rEThINKINg WOrLD WAr II AND ThE FIghT FOr hEgEMONy IN ThE BALTIC-BLACK SEA rEgION ......................... 134

Georgiy Kasianov (Kiev, Ukraine)hOW COMMON hISTOry DIVIDES: POLITICS OF MEMOry IN uKrAINE, POLAND, ruSSIA, 1990-s 2000-s....................................... 158 migRAtioN ANd idENtitY iN thE REgioN

Olena Ponomareva (Rome, Italy)uKrAINIAN IMMIgrATION IN ITALy IN ThE CONTExT OF ThE FOrMATION OF SOCIAL IDENTITIES IN SOCIETIES uNDEr TrANSFOrMATION ....................... 185 CASE fEllowS RESEARCh

Vyachaslau Pazdnyak (Vilnius, Lithuania)EASTErN PArTNErShIP: ThE DyNAMICS OF A DIFFErENTIATED INTEgrATION IN ThE rEgIONAL MuLTILATErAL rEgIMES COMPLEx .................... 200

Svitlana Babenko (Kiev, Ukraine)COMPArINg SOCIAL COST OF POST-SOVIET TrANSFOrMATION AT EASTErN EurOPEAN BOrDErLAND (uKrAINE, BELAruS, AND MOLDOVA) .................................................... 221

Viktoria Vengerska (Zhytomyr, Ukraine)ThE IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFErENCES AND SOLIDArITy OF ThE POLESSIE AND PODOLSKy FrONTIErPOPuLATION IN ThE 19Th CENTury: PhENOMENA AND DILEMMAS OF IDENTITy ................................................................... 251

GelinadaGrinchenko (Kharkiv, Ukraine)IDENTITIES AND SELF-PrESENTATIONS IN OrAL hISTOrIES OF uKrAINIAN OSTArBEITErS ........................... 274

Elmira Muratova (Simferopol, Ukraine)MODErN MyThOLOgy OF CrIMEA: CrIMEAN TATAr MyTh OF INDIgENOuS PEOPLE............................. 291

Paptsova Alla (Ceadr-Lunga, Moldova)BIrTh OF NATION: IMAgE OF ThE PAST IN EThNICAL MOBILIzATION OF gAgAuz PEOPLE ............................. 301 tRANSlAtioNS

Jacques Rupnik (Paris, France)TWENTy yEArS OF POSTCOMMuNISM IN SEArCh OF A NEW MODEL .................................................................... 317

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Curt Woolhiser (Boston, USA)CAN ruSSIAN BE A NATIONAL LANguAgE FOr MOrE ThAN ONE NATION? (Chapter 1.) ................................................................ 326 Book REviEwS

Iryna Shuliankova (Florence, Italy)VALErIE BuNCE, MIChAEL MCFAuL, KAThryN STONEr-WEISS (EDS.). DEMOCrACy AND AuThOrITArIANISM IN ThE POSTCOMMuNIST WOrLD ..........348

Svetlana Suveice, Ludmila Coada (Chiinu, Moldova)SErgIu MuSTEATA, IgOr CASu. Fr TErMEN DE PrESCrIPIE. ASPECTE ALE INVESTIgrII CrIMELOr COMuNISMuLuI N EurOPA (NO PrESCrIPTION. ASPECTS OF ThE INVESTIgATION OF COMMuNIST CrIMES IN EurOPE) ...................................................... 351 ABOuT ThE AuThOrS.................................................................................. 360 guIDELINES FOr AuThOrS ........................................................................ 364

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: . , . . , - . : ? ? ? : Plurinational Democracy. Stateless Nations in a PostSovereignty Era (2001) Nations against the State. The New Politics of Nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland (2001) , . 2009. The Independence of Scotland. Self-government and the Shifting Politics of union , , . , . , . , , . , . . ( 2011.) , . . - . , , .

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MidzyMorze interMaruM : - ?Abstractgeopolitical changes in Eurasia in the late 80-es early 90-es of the previous century have brought about revival of so called retro images in public discourse and assisted to place them into the focus of discussions among politicians and experts. By renewing historically based Polish-Lithuanian geopolitical retro project called during Intra-war period as Intermarum with broader border perimeter then it had been defined earlier there made vital the idea of Intermarum geopolitical space as distinct geopolitical zone possessing significance for European security architecture in politics, defense and economy, and playing important ideological role in public discourse of the countries situated in the region and became element of European identity. This fact has determined new course in interpreting number of reper points that define maritime part of the construct and finds its display in bringing to light new version of Intermarum as the project of Three Seas such as 1) Baltic, Black and Mediterranean seas; 2) Baltic, Black and Caspian seas and 3) Baltic, Black and Adriatic seas. So called Baltic-Black sea Caspian-Mediterranean geoconstruct became combination of several projects considered to consolidate different parts of this wide space. keywords: Intermarum, East Central Europe, geohistorical Paradigma, Flexible regions. , 80- 90- . . , , -

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, . , , , , . , , (, 2002). 90- . . I . , - , , . - - , - , : -, , . , , Pax Sovietica ( ), . () , , , , , , . - . , (, 2002). -, , , () , , . - (-),

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(, , 1992: 119133; , 2001: 7596; janowski, 2005: 558; Mitteleuropa, 1994). . -, - , : -, , -, , , , (halecki, 1950). , - . , , , , -, - , - , - . , , , , . - , - , , , , . - : -, - , --, (Koczowski, 2004: 2930). . - - ,

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Midzymorze Intermarum

. , , , , , , , : 1) ; 2) (Mackinder, 1919). . . , 1904. . , . , : , . , , , , (Charaszkiewicz, 2000: 56). , , , , . . , , , 3. , . - ( ), . (Midzymorze, 1995; Dziewanowski, 1969; Levy, 2007; Okulewicz, 2001). , , -: , , , , , , , . , , - , /

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. , . . , , , ( 2005)4. . , 5 . , , , 19171920 . - , , , , - . - , ( 1919 . ), . - - (Lubelski, 2010: 186189). , . . . 15 1935. , . . -, . , , , , , , , ( ), , (Kornat). , 30- . . ( , , , 1930- .), , , (), , , . raison detat,

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Midzymorze Intermarum

. , , - , , , - , (Biaobocki, 2001: 26). , - . . - , , , . , , , , , - (Europa rodkowo-Wschodnia, 2004; Wolaski, 1996), (; , 1996). , - , (, ) . , , , (, ) , , , . 1990- . , , , (Pbo, 2005: 41). , , I. : 1) , ; 2) , ; 3) , . , , , , , , -

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, . I ., , , : - - . , ( ) (harutyunyan). , , , , , , , (Olsen, 2002: 923, 924). , , (ukasz, 2007). , ., , -, , ; -, (), , , (Organization for Democracy and Economic Development); -, (The Community of Democratic Choice), , - , . :

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Midzymorze Intermarum

- . , : (harutyunyan). 90- . . , , , , , . , , , - (Black Sea Economic Cooperation). ( ., , , , Babaoglu, 2005.) 25 1992 . 11 , BSEC, 1 1999. - . (BSEC) (2004)6

BSEC , : -, -

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, , , ; -, - , (- ); -, ( ) BSEC () . (Broader Black Sea region). , . : 7, , . . . (grotzky, Isic, 2008: 5). - : (King, 2004; Lessr, 2007). , , 8. , (King, 2004). , , , , , (Lessr, 2007: 12). , , , ( 1993.), , , , , -

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Midzymorze Intermarum

(Cornell, jonsson, Nilsson, hggstrm, 2006). 9 , , - (Wider Black Sea/Caspian Area [WBSCA]), 10, (japaridze, 2007; Minchev). 90- . ., , . (European Neighbourhood), , , , . , , . , --- , , , . (), , - . 10 1997. , , , 1999. , 2002. 2005. 29 . 7 2001. , . 19992001. , , , -

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. 22 2005. - ( . ) , . (), . () . , : , . , , . , 2 2005., , - , , .

. , 2006. -- , , , 11. 20- . ., .

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Midzymorze Intermarum

, - - . , - , . , (Kechaqmadze; The Fourth Wave of Democracy, 2002). , . , , . . , - , -, .. . 2000- . : - . ---- (Central, Adriatic, Danubian and South-Eastern European Space, CADSES) , , - , . 18 - CADSES 7 , ( ). CADSES / , , -- , . : , , , .

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, , . . () .

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. . 165. . 1. . 655. . 2.2 (.). . , . 1900. . . 4. 1909. . 1914. , . . . , . ., : .. . : . ., 2003. . 131141. . 1939. . , - . , - (16.12. 1922 26.4.1923 .). , , , . BSEC , . .: Kurt S. Montenegro Denied BSEC Membership Because of Turkish-greek rift // Todays zaman. 6.11.2006. ,

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8

9

10 11

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(). 165. 1. 655. 2, 2(.) . , . 1900.

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Biaobocki z. Prby realizacji koncepcji Trzeciej Europy a zSrr 19341938 // zeszyty Naukowe. Wysza Szkoa gospodarki Krajowej w Kutnie. Kutno: Wysza Szkoa gospodarki Krajowej, 2001. Tom I. S. 2566. Charaszkiewicz E. zbir dokumentw ppk. Edmunda Charaszkiewicza. pracowanie, wstp i przypisy Andrzej grzywacz, Marcin Kwiecie, grzegorz Mazur. Krakw: Fundacja CDCN Ksigarnia Akademicka, 2000. Cornell S., jonsson A., Nilsson N., hggstrm P. The Wider Black Sea region: An Emerging hub in European Security. Silk road Paper. Washington, December 2006. Dziewanowski M. joseph Pilsudski: a European Federalist, 19181922. Stanford Calif., hoover Institution Press, 1969. Europa rodkowo-Wschodnia w polskiej myli politycznej / Pod red. Mirosawa Dymarskiego i jerzego juchnowskiego. Wrocaw: uniw. Wrocawski, 2004. grotzky D., Isic M. The Black Sea region: Clashing Identities and risks to European Stability // Policy Analysis research group on European Affairs. Mnich. 4. October 2008. halecki O. The Limits and Divisions of European history. London; New york: Sheed & Ward, 1950. harutyunyan g. New Cold War and transformation of deterring strategy. Noravank Foundation. 4 December 2006 / [ ]. : http://noravank.am/ en/?page=analitics&nid=495 Inventory of Black Sea regional Activities of the European Commission. i Ii I ii i I i / [ ]. : www.fp6-nip.kiev.ua/ 211106/bsec1.doc janowski M., Iordachi C., Trencsenyi B. Why Bother About historical regions? // East Central Europe. V. 32. N I-II. 2005. P. 558. japaridze T. Security risks and Dilemmas in the Wider Black Sea region: Back to realpolitik or Simply going through a Crunch? // harvard Black Sea Security Program. Expert Opinion. harward, 2007. P. 5765. Kechaqmadze M. Anti-revolutionary Measures of the Post-Soviet regimes / [ ]. : http://gfsis.org/pub/files/publications_politics/kechaqmadze_ anti-revolutionary.pdf King Ch. Is the Black Sea a region // The Black Sea region: Cooperation and Security Building/ Ed. by Pavliuk O., Klympush-Tsintsadze I. EastWest Institute. New york, 2004. P. 1327. Koczowski j. Actualit des grandes traditions de la cohabitation et du dialogue des cultures en Europe du Centre-Est // Lhritage historique de la res Publica de Plusieurs Nations. Lublin: Towarzystwo Instytutu Europy rodkowo-Wschodniej, 2004. S. 2930. Kornat M. realna koncepcja czy wizja ex post? Polska idea Trzeciej Europy (19371938)/ [ ]. : http://politologia.wsb-nlu.edu.pl/uploadedFiles/file/M_Kornat%20-%20realna%20koncepcja%20czy%20wizja%20ex%20post.pdf Kurt S. Montenegro Denied BSEC Membership Because of Turkish-greek rift // Todays zaman, 6.11.2006. Lessr I. global trends, regional Consequences: Wider Strategic Influences on the Black Sea // International Centre for Black Sea Studies (ICBSS). xenophon Paper. November 2007. 4. P.131. Levy j. The Intermarium: Madison, Wilson, and East Central European Federalism. Boca raton, Florids: universal-Publishers., 2007. Lubelski j. zwizek Batycki i Trzecia Europa. Koncepcje reorganizacji Europy rodkowej w polityce zagranicznej II rzeczypospolitej // Nowa Europa. 1 (9). 2010. S. 183217.

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ukasz M. Alternatywne koncepcje polskiej polityki zagranicznej w rodowiskach antyintegracyjnych po 1989 roku // Alternatywne koncepcje polskiej polityki zagranicznej w rodowiskach antyintegracyjnych po 1989 roku. Wrocaw, 2007. P. 99111. Mackinder h. Democratic Ideals and reality: A Study in the Politics of reconstruction. London: h. holt, 1919. Midzymorze: Polska i kraje Europy rodkowo-Wschodniej xIxxx wiek. Studia ofiarowane Piotrowi ossowskiemu w siedemdziesit rocznic urodzin / red. Andrzej Ajnenkiel. Warszawa: Instytut historii PAN, 1995. Minchev O. Major Interests and Strategies for the Black Sea region. Institute for regional and International Studies. Framework Analytical review. September 2006 / [ ]. : www.iris-bg.org/index.php?q=publications&pid=59 Mitteleuropa. history and prospects / Ed. by P. Stirk. Edinburgh: university Press, 1994. Okulewicz P. Koncepcja miedzymorza w myli i praktyce politycznej obozu jzefa Pisudskiego w latach 19181926. Pozna: Wydawnictwo Poznaskie, 2001. Olsen j. The Many Faces of Europeanization // journal of Common Market Studies. 40 (5). 2002. . 921952. Pbo h. Balti riikide geopoliitilise thenduse ajalooline kujundamine // Maailmast. 2005. rSr artiklite kogumik: phendatud professor emeritus Eero Loonele 70. snnipevale. Tartu: Tartu likooli Kirjastus, 2005. Lk. 40104. McFaul M. The Fourth Wave of Democracy and Dictatorship: Noncooperative Transitions in the Postcommunist World // World Politics. V. 54. N. 2. january 2002. . 212244; http://muse.jhu.edu/about/muse/publishers/hopkins; Wolaski M. Europa rodkowo Wschodnia w myli politycznej polskiej emigracji 1945-1975. Wrocaw: Wydawn. uniwersytetu Wrocawskiego, 1996. : ( : ; Bialorus Polska: droga ku wspolpracy): . , 11 2004. : , 2005. . (19912001) // . 6. 2002. . 5361. . : . (19912001) / [ ]. : http:// spkurdyumov.narod.ru/Dzamiyatin.htm ., . , ? // . . . . ., 1992. . 119133. . . // .ua. 15.06. 2004 / [ ]. : http://dialogs.org.ua/issue_full.php?m_id=1255. ., . : : - . .: -, 2000. . , -. : // . 31.08.09 / [ ]. :http://www.russ. ru/Mirovaya-povestka/rech-Pospolitaya-imperiya-lovushka . : , // . 2001. 52 (6). . 7596. . IV : . 19.1.2006. . / [ ]. : http://www.apn.ru/opinions/article9544.htm

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. // . I-i . 464 / [ ]. : http://www.bielarus. org/viestki.php?n=464&a=0 . ( ) // . (- ) : i , 1996. . : [ ]. : http://litopys.org.ua/ukrxxr/a05.htm . - // . 24.12.2009 / [ ]. : http://geopolitica.tv/index.php : . . , 1 2006 . , 2006 . / [ ]. : http://www.cdc.parliament.ge/files/78_22_421342_ Communique_r.doc .. : : . .: , 2003.

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interMaruM.

AbstractThe article examines the issues of regionalization of space between the Baltic and Black seas and their interrelation with the general European processes in a broad historical and theoretical context. The range of problems is defined, which actualizes the regional practices and contribute to the transformation of the space and social knowledge in the region. Particularly, the transit from the state-centric paradigm, in which the territory and region were external political factors and resource to a regional paradigm, characterized by the processes of space construction in which the regions acquire the properties of actors, is analyzed. The unsuccessful attempts of regionalization in the Baltic-Black Sea Intermarum in the past, in which the nation-state has played the leading role dont cause the mandatory failures in emerging of regional structures in Intermarum at the present time, taking in account common regional challenges for the societies in the economic, demographic, security, and cultural spheres. The article raises a number of questions about the state of regional space and the most important points of its development, indicating the possibilities of spatial policy in the region: the standardization of citizenship policy, cross-border interactions, practices in the sphere of human rights and constitutionalism. keywords: Intermarum, region, decentralization, federalism, Eastern Partnership, integration, Baltic sea, development, territory, construction, space.

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: - 1, , , . , , , , , , . , , , . , , , , , . , , . , , . . , xIx . . c . , , xV xVI . xIx . . , . . , , , , , . -

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. , , , . , , , , , . , , , , . , . . , , . , 70 80- . . : (giddens, 1990) (, 2000), , . . , , , , , , . . , : , . () , (, 2007: 185). (Lefebvre, 1974), , , , . , 80- . . , , (Sassen, 1996). . - , . , . - : ,

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. . , , , . : , , . ( .) , , . , , , . , . , , , , , . . , , . , , . , (NAFTA), (gATT) (WTO) , , , . , . . 80- . . , -

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, , 19501960- . (Ir) (IPE) , .. . , , . , (), - (APEC), (), (NAFTA) (SADC), 1980- 1990- . , , , . , . . 1. . -, ; , . , , . , , , . , , . 2. . , - , . , , , , 2. ,

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, . , , , . 3. . , . , , , , 1980- 1990-, , (governance). , , SADC , , , . , , , . 4. . , , , . , , , . , , , , . , , , , . , , , . , , , .

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5. . , . . , . , , . , , . . , , , , .

, , . , , . , . , ; , . , , . , , , ; . , , , , . , .. , , , , Intermarum , , , , ,

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. , . , , , , . , , . : , (, 2006). : . , , , Intermarum, . - , , , , . , , . , , , . , . , , , , . , . , , . . .3. Essai sur la diplomatie ( ), 1827., 1830., , , , . , , , . , , (Czartoryski, 2011). , , , - , , , , . ,

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, , . 18481849., - , . xVI . , , . , Intermarum , , , . . . , - 1920. , . 2007 . Intermarium: Wilson, Madison and Eastern-Central European Federalism, . , . : 1. , , Intermarum. , , ( ) . , , . 2. , . , 1918., ; , , , , , , . , (- , - , - ), ( , ). 3. ( ), -

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, . , , . 1926 . . 4. , . . . 1926. . . , , , , , . , . , , , () , , , , , , . - (19191921) , - , . . - , , , , , , , , , , , . : ; , , . 1921. - . 1935 . . , ,

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1930- , . , . - , , , . 1942. , , - - , , , . xxI ., 4. , , . , , 1999., , , , , , 2004 . . 2004. , , , . , , , , , . , . , . . . 2009. . , . , , -

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, . , , . , , . , , , . . , . . , , . , . ? ? ? , . , -, , . , , , - , . , . , , , . , , , , ? ? , (Williams, 1958). , , , xxI -

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. . , , . , Intermarum , , . . . , , . , , . , . , . . , , . , . , , . . , , , , , . , , . , . 1990- . . , , , , , , . . , -

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, . , .

, , ; . . . , , - . , , , . , . , , , , , , , , . 1970- . , , , . Intermarum , , , , . , , , , . , , , . : , . , : ? ? ? ? ? , . , , , . , , , , , . , , , .

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. , , . , , , . , , , , , , , . . , . , , , , . , . , .

Czartoryski A. j. rozwaania o dyplomacji. Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2011. giddens A. The Consequences of Modernity.Stanford, 1990. Lefebvre h. Production of Space. Blackwell, 1991. Levy jonathan. Intermarium: Wilson, Madison and Eastern-Central European Federalism. Dissertation. Com, 2007. Sassen S. Losing Control?: Sovereignty in an Age of globalization. N.y.: Columbia university Press, 1996 Williams r. h. Culture and Society. 1958. . .., 2007.. 185. . : , . ., 2000. . ..: , 2006.

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2324 2010 ., , . : - . (, ), , (, ), . , 2011., , (). 1792., 1794. 1795. , , . I , . 1830 . , . , . , , 12 2011. 2016. . . , , , , , . .

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tarpjris: ?

AbstractTaking into consideration the ambition of the Lithuanian foreign policy after 1991and 2004 to become a regional leader in the European post-soviet space, this article tackles the semantic aspect of this foreign policy. It notes that this region Vilnius wanted to lead has no proper name, neither given from the outside nor claimed by these countries themselves. In addition, the enlargement of the European union in 2004 created new dividing lines that prevent the emergence of the regional feeling and strengthened the semantic problem of the Lithuanian foreign policy. keywords: Diplomacy, regionalism, Lithuania, Belarus, constructivism. . . , [4; 27; 19] . ( , , . ) , . , . , . ( ), -

48

Tarpjris: ?

. , , . . damnatio memoriae, : , . , , , . , . [10], , . , . , , , . . , : . , . . , , . , , . [1], , , . , . , , , [26]. , , , , , , , , , (. 1). , 1990- -

49

, . , . , . . 1. 1 Vilnius Lviv/Lvov Kiev Minsk galicie Volynie Pologne Lituanie Bilorussie ukraine russie Vilnius Lviv Kyiv Minsk galicia Volhynia Poland Lithuania Belarus ukraine russia Wilna Lemberg Kiew Minsk galizien Wolhynien Polen Litauen Weirussland ukraine russland

. , [17], , , , [13]. , , [14] , , , (. 1). , : , 2. , , ( ), . . , . . . , 1980- , 2004., -

50

Tarpjris: ?

, . , , , , .

. 1.

, (, , ). , , , . , [22; 16]. 1990. . , , [4; 19; 27], , . , , , . , , [7]. , , 1991.? , , , , .

51

, . , , , , , , , ( ), , . , . , , , .

. , . . , ? , , ( xII .) (15691795). , , . . [8; 9]. , , , , . . . , ( ), . 1795 ( ) 1918., xIx .

52

Tarpjris: ?

, , - . , .

. 2.

. ( ) . , , [24]. , (, , , , ), . , -

53

, , . - , . 1992., ( ) , , [2]. , 1990- , , , [25], . , 3 , . . [5; 6] , , , , [21]. : ( 1992 1996.4), ( ), - , 1990- , 2000-. . . , . , 5 [11; 12; 20]. , , , , , . , , , . , -

54

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. , , , .

[15], , , , . 24 2004.6 : , . , , . , . , [3]. , , . 1997. ( ) . , , , , , , , , , , - . , , , . , , , , , . , . . . , [23]. . -

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, , . , , : , , . . , , , . , 1990-: - , , , . , , . , , . , , -. , . , ( ), , , ( 1997.), ( 1997.) ( 1997.) . ( ) , , ( , . [4]). 2000- , (2000), (2003), (2004) (2005). , , 2004. -

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. , , , . 2. , / 10.09.1991 03.1992 10.09.1991 03.1992 10.09.1991 01.08.1975 03.1992 03.1992

15.02.1993 31.12.2001 14.05.1993 19971999 - 1997 26.03.2004 01.05.2004

19.11.1993 31.12.2001 10.02.1995 14.05.1993 28.02.1996 19971999 19971999 19971999 1997 1997 1997 26.03.2004 01.05.2004 26.03.2004 01.05.2004

, , ..? . , 2000- , . , 2005. . , , . , . , , , . , , . , . 1957., , . ,

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1 2 3 4

[26]. , . , ( ). - - : (2 1992 10 1993.), (15 1996 27 1996.), (17 1992 10 1996.),

59

5

6

(25 1993 25 1998.). . , . 2007. . .

( )

AbstractTerritorial thinking is clearly represented in wide array of Eu programs and instruments of territorial cooperation within the Eu. The main goal of the cooperation is to create a common European partnership space by involving local, regional and national actors into thematic cooperation for the Eus sustainable future. European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) with its instruments preconditions partnership with non-Eu countries. Being included in a number of programs and instruments, Belarus doesnt exercise its potential to the full extent due to certain systemic and procedural factors. The article examines territorial thinking as a factor of regional development (on the case of Belarus participation in the Baltic Sea region transnational program) tends to analyze Belarusian potential in cooperation with European territories on the case of Baltic Sea region transnational program. Lacking territorial approach in Belarusian regional policy together with numerous internal barriers, dont permit the country to be included in European partnership network. Though the author claims that the regionalization strategy may create a window of possibility for Belarusian actors to be actively involved into the Eu partnership, notwithstanding a rather strained political dimension of BelarusEu relations. keywords: regionalization, Europeanization, territorial cooperation, Eu-Belarus, regional cooperation, transnational programs of cooperation.

61

, , , . , . . , (, 2008), , , . . , . - , . . ( ), , EQuAL, urBACT, INTErrEg ( , , ). , , .. , . . , -2020, , , , , . , . Towards a territorially-based policy for all Europeans? : ; , ()

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. - , , , , , , , , , . , . . Labor () (, 1870: 5). . , . . , , , - . 1897. 4210 , 2606 (, 1897).

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- 1812 . , , , , . , . (, 1923: 67). . . , . . , , , , ,

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4 5

6

I . . . . , , . , , (), , , . , - . , , . , (.rutheni, ruteni, ruthenian, ruthene) - ( ), . Ad Mardgenem ? (Ab imperio. 4, 2004) . . ., , - . , . . . 1838. . . , , , , .

271

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272

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273

AbstractAnalysing the oral histories about forced labour experience in Nazi germany during World War II, we can group these widely different life stories in accordance with definite criteria, such as, for example, strategies of self-presentation, and formulas of inscribing the forced labour experience into the entire autobiographical narrative. In this article accommodation formulae of subjective experience of forced labourers embedded into autobiographical narrative of storytellers are investigated; three variants of self-presentation in the process of their own life storytelling based on the formulae are analyzed. keywords: oral history, forced labour, World War II, ostarbeiters, autobiographical narrative. , , , . () , , , , , ,

CASE274

...

. , , , , . , , . 1970- . , , , , , , , , , 1. , , , : , - , . , , - , 2. , , 2006. , , , , (International Slave and Forced Labourers Documentation Project). ( , ), , . 40 23 , 17 . 8284 , 19241926. . 92 (1914. .), , , , 69 .

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, , . , , , , . , , , : , , . , , , : , , , . : . . 10. , , , - , ? , . , , ? , . . , . , . 12 . . 11. , . , -, , , , , , : . . , , , . () , . . . - - 12. -, , , , . ,

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, : , : ! ! ! ! ! , -. , , ! . . : , ! , , -, , . , , . , , 13. , , , , : () ! ! , , , . , 14. , , , . . , - , , , , . , , , , . . , , , 15. , , , , , . , , , , - , , . , , ( ), ( ), :

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, , , , : , , . , , . ( . ..) , - , . , . . . - , , . , , . , . , . 28. : - , , , , . , , , , . -, -. : ( . , , - . . ), ( ). ( ), , , . -. ( , ..), .

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287

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gregg g. The raw and the Bland: A Structural Model of Narrative Identity // Identity and Story: Creating Self in Narrative / d. by Dan P. McAdams, ruthellen josselson, and Amia Lieblich. American Psychological Association (APA), 2006. P. 6487. handbook of Oral history / d. by Thomas L. Charlton, Lois E.Myers, rebecca Sharpless; with the assistance of Leslie roy Ballard. Lanham (MD, uSA), 2006. riessman K. Analysis of Personal Narratives // handbook of interview research: context & method / d. by jaber F. gubrium, james A. holstein. SAgE, 2002. P. 695710. Spoerer M. zwangsarbeit unter dem hakenkreuz. Auslndische zivilarbeiter, Kriegsgefangene und hftlinge im Deutsche reich und im besetzten Europa 19391945. Stuttgart; Mnchen: Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, 2001. Wallace j.B. reconsidering the life review: The social construction of talk about the past // gerontologist. Vol. 32. 1992. Issue 1 (Feb.). P. 120125.

1

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AbstractThe article is devoted to the problem of myth creation in nowadays Crimea. It presents an analysis of the way the myth of indigenous people has been constructed by the Crimean Tatars who are going through the process of adaptation and integration after fifty years of deportation. The functionalist approach helps to understand how and what for this myth was created and disseminated by intellectuals, politicians and journalists. The article shows different forms of myth of indigenous people existence. It starts with the analysis of the book of russian historian Valeriy Vozgrin historical Fates of the Crimean Tatars which presents the whole process of ethno-genesis of Crimean Tatars, then goes through visual implementation of the main of ideas of the book in the documentary Crimean Tatars made by Crimean Tatar scholar Erik Kudusov and finally touches the issue of the myth of indigenous people presence in ethnic media. keywords: myth, Crimean Tatars, indigenous people, mediadiscourse. . . . , - [8]. . , , . , -

CASE

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, , . . , . .. , , () [6, . 26]. , , , , , . . , - , , , , . , , , . . , , , . . , , , [10, c. 312]. - , 1992 . [3]. , . , . . ( 1987.) .

292

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293

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295

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297

, , . . , . , , , . , , , , , , , , , , . , , , . , , , [5]. , ( ), , . , , . , 230 , , - , . , , -, , , [1]. , , , . , xVIII . . , , . , . . . . [9].

298

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, 1944. , , . , , ( ) , , , , , . , , , , . , , , , . , , , . 50 , . , [5]. , , , , , - .. [4]. , . , , , . (, , ), , , . , (boundary-defining mechanism) . , .

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4. . // . 2009. 30. 5. . // . 2009. 30. 6. .. . : , 1997. 688. 7. .. // . 1946. 3. 8. // . 2009. 30 . 9. . // . 2009. 3 . 10. Myths and boundaries in South-Eastern Europe / Pl Kolst. London:hurst,2005.

1 2

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AbstractThe present article is studying the significance of the reflection of the Past in the process of the ethnical transformation of an ethnos into a nation. The mytho-historical tradition is part of a mytho-symbolical complex, and its significance depends on correlation with other components which are important for forming and making a nation. The ethnical mobilization of the gagauz people took place at the background of the economic crisis and multiple political processes caused by the collapse of the Soviet union and formation of independent state of the republic of Moldova. The process of building of the nation obtained the features of a cultural project, when the lack of material resources is successfully replaced by the symbolic ones. Despite the fact that the significance of the reflection of the Past became actual in the present, its main features were formed during the whole century. At every new stage of its development the mytho-historical tradition obtains new features allowing to solve the new tasks of the building of a nation. keywords: ethnical mobilization, reflection of the Past, mytho-historical tradition, building of the nation, cultural project. - , . , , , .

CASE

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. , . , . , . , .. . , , , , , ( . , [2, . 26], , , , . , , , . , , , . , , : case study , . . , , , , , , , . - 1994 . : ; , ; , ; , , ( ); , , . :

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