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MYANMAR: ACHIEVING UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY BY 2030
In Myanmar, 70 percent of the population and 84 percent of rural households lacked access to grid electricity in 2014. Achieving the Myanmar Government’s goal of universal electricity access by 2030 requires doubling the speed of grid extension to connect 7.2 million households in the next 15 years. Nonetheless, the experiences of Vietnam, Laos and Thailand, which managed to accomplish a similar feat of increasing electricity coverage from 30 percent to nearly 100 percent within two decades, show that achieving universal access within a relatively short time frame is possible.
The Myanmar Government is committed to achieving universal access to electricity by 2030, which is in line with the goals of the global Sustainable Energy for All initiative. With technical assistance from the World Bank Group, the Government developed a National Electrification Plan in 2014 to accomplish this rapid increase through a two-pronged, sector-wide approach: an ambitious extension of the national grid plus off-grid electrification for communities that would otherwise have to wait for years for grid access.
The Plan is based on a geo-spatial least-cost strategy to mobilize financial and physical resources in a predictable and structured fashion. The Plan estimates total investment requirements of US$6 billion (not including additional generation and transmission capacity needed to support electrification rollout).
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FIGURE 1: MYANMAR UNIVERSAL ACCESS ROADMAP AND INTERMEDIATE MILESTONES
The Plan adopts a phased approach to implement both grid and off-grid programs and calls for a roadmap with milestones of 50 percent electrification in 2020 and 75 percent in 2025 (Figure 1). Implementation in the near term will face several constraints such as human resources, supply of materials and availability of financing. So the investment prospectus for the first five years of the Plan (FY2015-2020) calls for 1.7 million households to be electrified at a cost of US$700 million in investment and technical assistance.
Despite the ambitious grid expansion program, more than one million households will remain without electricity for 10 or more years. These households, primarily in outer states and regions where settlements are sparse and the investment requirements per household are high, will be the focus of a systematic off-grid program that operates concurrently with the grid expansion plan. The off-grid program will consist of solar home systems, mini-grids and other technologies and is expected to help people living in low-income and remote areas of the country.
The sector-wide approach requires institutional reforms and comprehensive solutions to overcome financing constraints. In their current state, the institutions in this sector lack the capacity needed to implement the program efficiently and at a sufficient speed. To implement comprehensive reforms and build necessary institutional capacity, the Government will require substantial and sustained technical assistance, estimated to cost US$30 million over the next 5 years.
The Plan serves to align technical and financial support from development partners, central and local governments, consumers, as well as the private sector toward a common goal. It also calls for vital concessional financing and grants to ensure the viability and sustainability of the Plan. During the first year of implementation, approximately US$550 million has been confirmed or is under preparation.
To support implementation of the Plan, the World Bank is providing US$400 million for the Government to acquire goods and materials, technical assistance and capacity building. The project will be implemented between 2016 and 2021 and the details of the project are summarized as follows:
Component 1: US$300 million for extension of existing distribution grid networks and to increase access to electricity for 6 million people by 2021. Component 2: US$80 million for off-grid electrification, including solar photovoltaic systems, mini-grids and electricity connections for clinics, schools, religious buildings and public street lighting. Component 3: US$20 million for technical assistance, capacity building and project management.
For further information, visit: https://energypedia.info/wiki/Achieving_Universal_Access_to_Electricity_in_Myanmar
The World Bank MyanmarNo 57, Pyay Road (Corner of Shwe Hinthar Road)61/2 Mile, Hlaing Township, YangonRepublic of the Union of Myanmar