© Mather Associates Susan M. Mather Gallaudet University Department of Linguistics NFO Day 1- Part 2 August 9, 2011 Visual Readiness.

© Mather Associates

Susan M. MatherGallaudet University

Department of Linguistics

NFODay 1- Part 2

August 9, 2011Visual Readiness


Agenda

Set Visual Readiness

1. Eye Assessment

2. Summons : Visual and Tactile Getting-Attention Regulators

3. Acknowledgment Regulators


Turn-Allocation Components of the Turn-Taking System

Four Functional Regulator Types Speaker/Signer Listener/Addressee 1. Initiation Regulator 2. Continuation Regulator 3. Shift Regulator 4. Termination Regulator

(Weiner & Devoe,1974)


Pre-Initiation Regulators

1. Eye Assessment

2. Summon Regulators

3. Addressee’s Acknowledgement

4. Initiation

(Mather,1996)


Set Visual Readiness:Eye Assessment

Before one initiates signing, the following three items must be assessed, regardless of whether the addressee(s) is paying attention or not.


Three Types of Eye Assessments

1. Is the addressee in the signer’s line of vision?

2. If not, is the addressee still within the line of peripheral vision?, or

3. Is she in or out of the signer’s line of vision?


Getting Attention:Summon Regulators

This will determine the kind of summon regulator the signer will use to elicit the addressee’s attention.

1. The signer will use one of several visual summon regulators by summoning or using hand/body motions.

2. The signer will move into the addressee’s vision field and use eye-level gaze waving strategy, depending on what the addressee is doing (e.g., reading)

3. The signer will use one of the either tactile or environment-produced regulators.


Getting Attention:Different Types of Summon Regulators

1. Vocal summon regulators

2. Visual summon regulators (including eye-level)

3. Tactile summon regulators

4. Unique Summon Regulators


Vocal Summon Regulators

1. “Hey,” “call by first name,” “Excuse me,” “Yo,” “What gives.”

2. “Hey” in an excited voice: “Hey, let’s go out for pizza!” or “Hey, I have something exciting to tell you!”

3. “Hey” in a loud voice: “Hey, don’t do that!”

4. Ma’am: “Ma’am, can I talk with you for a minute?”

5. “Stop” or “Watch out” are used when one warns another of dangers: “Watch out, there is a car coming.”

6. “Excuse me” in a loud voice: “Excuse me, you parked in the wrong place” or “Excuse me, you can’t sit there!”


Visual Summon Regulators

Examples of regulators used to convey social and emotional information:

1. If the signer just wants to summon the addressee’s attention, she will use a standard wave.

2. For something important or exciting, she will continually and quickly wave.

3. If upset or furious, she will wave sharply.


Visual summon regulators (cont’d)

For the last two regulators, a signer can use different kinds of motion to give a particular meaning

Ex: If the signer is very angry or upset, she would use a “stiff wave” only once. (Translation: Hey, Excuse me)

Ex: For something very important or urgent, she would continually “flap” like a bird. (Tr: What gives?)


Tactile Summon Regulators

1. Body tactile summon regulators

2. Environment-produced tactile summon regulators


Body Tactile Summon Regulators

Fingertips

Finger pads

Elbow

Shoulder

Foot


Environment-produced Tactile Summon Regulators

• Tap- or ban-on-object (e.g., table or window)

• Stomp-on-floor


Summon Regulators

1. Human chain summon regulators Zig-zag summon In a row summon

2. Reflection summon regulators Mirror Slide door


Unique Summon Regulators

1. Human chain summon regulators

2. Reflection summon regulators

3. Distance summon regulators

4. In-dark summon regulators


Addressee Acknowledgement

Why is it necessary to get the addressee’s acknowledgment before one can initiate the talk?

Before the speaker/interpreter starts to sign, s/he will either move into the addressee’s line of vision or the addressee specifically ask the speaker/interpreter to move (depending on types of visual blockage or any other obstacles).

And then the addressee will either use … non-manual or manual acknowledgement

Types of Acknowledgement

1. Non-manual acknowledgement

2. Manual acknowledgement


2 Steps to Acknowledge Each Other

1st step

Receive student’s acknowledgment cues

2nd step

Teacher’s responded acknowledgment

“YOU READY”


4 Steps To Set Visual Readiness

Pre-Initiation Regulators

1. Eye Assessment

2. Summons

3. Acknowledgment

4. Initiation Regulator


15-minute Break


Part A II. During the class

Practice: How to

A. Monitor for students’ visual readiness

B. Monitor for students’ visual readiness of other students

C. Demonstrate appropriate attention-getting techniques


Tomorrow Topics

1 Uses of Eye Gaze

2 Classroom management


© Mather Associates Susan M. Mather Gallaudet University Department of Linguistics NFO Day 1- Part 2 August 9, 2011 Visual Readiness.

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