+ Macromolecule s Short Chemistry Review and Macromolecules
+
MacromoleculesShort Chemistry Review and Macromolecules
+Focus Question
What are the functions of each group of
organic compounds?
+
Short Review
+Quick Review
Atom:
-Protons: positive charge
-Neutrons: neutral charge
-Electrons: negative charge
1
+Quiz Question
1. The three particles (parts) that
make up an atom are:
a.protons, neutrons, and isotopesb.neutrons, isotopes and electronsc. positives, negatives and
electronsd.protons, neutrons and electrons
+Atoms, Elements, Molecules
HH
H H
ATOMS
Molecule - H2
O O
O O
ATOMS
Molecule – O2
Elements
+Ionic Bonding
Ionic Bonds: when atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions (charged particles).
+Covalent Bonding
Covalent Bond: when two or more atoms share electrons to form a molecule.
In a water molecule, each hydrogen atom forms a covalent bond with the oxygen atom. 3
+Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen Bond: when a hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom of another
4
+Quiz Question
2. What type of bond holds together the oxygen and hydrogen in a water molecule?
a. Ionic bondb. Covalent bondc. Hydrogen bondd. Oxygen bond
+Quiz Question
3. What type of bond holds together 2 water molecules?
a. Ionic bondb.Covalent bondc. Hydrogen bondd.Oxygen bond
+Water Polarity
Polarity: charges are unevenly distributed is called a polar molecule.
A water molecule is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
9
+
Cohesion: attraction of molecules of the same substance
Adhesion: attraction of molecules from different substances
9
+
pH scale
Base: 8 -14
Neutral: 7
Acid: 0 - 6
+Macromolecules
Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
+Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties
Most molecules that make up living things are based on carbon atoms.
MONOMER: small molecule subunit
POLYMER: molecule that contains many monomers
+Four Main Types of Carbon-based Molecules
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic Acids
+Carbohydrates
Structure: Made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Function: main source of energy, make up plant cell wall
Building Block:
Monosaccharide
Examples: Fructose and Glucose
Larger Molecule:
Polysaccharide
Examples: Starch and Cellulose
5 & 8
+ Proteins Structure: Made up of carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen, oxygen, and sometimes sulfur
Function: enzymes, different body functions including movement, eyesight, digestion
6
+Protein
Building Block:
Amino Acids
Examples: Glycine, Glutamine
(20 different types)
Larger Molecule:
Polypeptide or Protein
Examples: Hemoglobin (Red Blood Cell),
meats, beans and nuts 7
+Lipids
Structure: chain of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
Function: store large amounts of energy, membrane structure, insulation
Building Block:
Glycerol + fatty acids
Larger Molecule:
Fats, Oils, Waxes, Phospholipid, Steroids, Cholesterol
Examples: Meat, Butter, Oil
+Nucleic Acids
Structure: made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing molecule (base)
Function: contain instructions which are the code of proteins, contain the hereditary information
Building Block:
Nucleotides
Larger Molecule:
Nucleic Acid or Polynucleotide
Examples: DNA and RNA
+Quiz Question
4. Which of the four macromolecules’ main function is to provide an energy source for living things?
a. Lipidsb. Carbohydratesc. Nucleic acidsd. Proteins
+Quiz Question
5. What is the main function of nucleic acids?
a. Provide energy for living thingsb. Store genetic information in DNA and
RNAc. Speed up chemical reactionsd. Store large amounts of energy
+Quiz Question
6. Amino Acids are the building block of a. Carbohydratesb. Lipidsc. Proteinsd. Nucleic Acids
+Quiz Question
7. Glucose, cellulose and starch are alla. Carbohydratesb. Lipidsc. Proteinsd. Nucleic Acids