广广广广广广广广《广广广》广广 Logistics Information Tec Logistics Information Tec hnology hnology 第第第 第第第第第第 第第第第 第第第第第 : 第第第第 第第第第第 : 广 广 广 广 广 第 12 第 第第第第 Chapter 12 International Logistics
广东外语外贸大学《物流学》讲义
Logistics Information TechnologLogistics Information Technology y
第三讲 物流信息技术
主讲教师:张余华教授主讲教师:张余华教授
物 流 管 理 学
第 12 章 国际物流
Chapter 12 International Logistics
12-2
Learning Objectives
To identify the reasons for governmental
intervention in the area of international trade
To distinguish among the unique activities of
international trade specialists
To examine issues involved in international
air transportation
To relate activities involved in international
ocean transportation
12-3
International Logistics
Key TermsCustoms house
brokers
Export
management
company
Export packers
Key TermsExport trading
company
Import quotas
Incoterms
2000
12-4
International LogisticsKey Terms
International Air
Transport
Association (IATA)
International freight
forwarders
Irrevocable letter of
credit
Land bridge
Key TermsNontariff barrier
Nonvessel-
operating common
carrier (NVOCC)
Shippers
associations
Shipping
conferences
12-5
International LogisticsChanges to political landscape affect logistics
The end of Soviet rule in Eastern Europe
EU economic integration
Nontariff barriers-a rule that has the effect of reducing
imports
Restrictions on truck traffic, forcing freight onto rail and
water
NAFTA
Multinational firms
12-6
International MarketingSize or scale of firms may be different
Firms selling products under their own
brand are concerned about quality
maintenance
Consumer preferences differ
International credit system is not well
developed
Irrevocable letter of credit
12-7
Figure 12-1: Irrevocable Letter of Credit
12-8
International Marketing ChannelsDomestic (U.S.) channels
Ownership
Negotiations
Financing
Promotions
Logistics
International channel additions
Documentation
12-9
Terms of Sale—Incoterms 2000
EX-Works (EXW)
FCA (Free Carrier)
FAS (Free Alongside
Ship)
FOB (Free on Board)
CFR (Cost and Freight)
CPT (Carriage Paid To)
CIF (Cost, Insurance, and
Freight)
CIP (Carriage and
Insurance Paid To)
DES (Delivered Ex Ship)
DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)
DAF (Delivered at
Frontier)
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)
DDU (Delivered Duty
Unpaid)
12-10
Government Influences on Foreign Trade
Government controls on the flow of international tradeCustoms or duties
Import quotas
Health inspections
Safety standards
Currency outflow
Political or military reasons
Port choice
Non-trade reasons
12-11
Government’s Role in International Transport
International carriage is an export to the
nation operating the carrier-affects balance
of payments
International fleets and airlines may be
subsidized
Large nations must protect their flag
carriers’ interests
12-12
International Trade and Supply Chain SpecialistsInternational Freight Forwarders
Advising on acceptance of letters of credit
Booking space on carriers
Preparing an export declaration
Preparing an air waybill or bill of lading
Obtaining consular documents
Arranging for Insurance
Preparing and sending shipping notices and documents
Serving as general consultant on export matters
12-13
International Trade and Supply Chain Specialists
Nonvessel-operating common carrier (NVOCC)
Customs house brokers
Export management company
Export trading company
Shippers associations
Shipping conferences
Export packers
12-14
Figure 12-2:
A Forwarder’s
Export Quotation
Sheet Showing
Factors to Include
When Determining
a Price Quote
12-15
Figure 12-3: A Package Marked for Export
12-16
Logistics Channels in International Distribution
Landward move to the port or airport in
exporting country
International air
International ocean shipping
Landward leg in importing country
12-17
Movement to Port or AirportTo adjacent countries, move is similar to
domestic, with more paperworkTo ports
Use containerization
Land bridge operations
To airportsChartered aircraft
Scheduled air carriers
Integrated air carriers
International Air Transport Association (IATA)
12-18
Figure 12-4:
Large
Containers
Used by
International
Airlines
12-19
Ocean ShippingTypes of Ocean Cargo
Petroleum
Dry-bulk cargoes-grain, ores, sulfur, sugar,
scrap iron, coal, lumber, logs in vessel loads
Containers
Shipping conferences and alliances pool
resources and extend market coverage
12-20
Ocean ShippingTypes of Vessels
Containerships
Lighter aboard ship (LASH) vessels
Roll On-Roll Off (RO-RO) vessels
Tankers
Parcel Tankers
Tramps
Specialized vessels
12-21
Figure 12-5: A RO-RO Vessel in Jacksonville, Florida
12-22
Surface Transport in Importing CountriesFew foreign nations have as wide a range
of modes as in the United States
Transportation nationalization is higher in
most countries other than the United States
Ship owners are becoming involved in land
transport
Short sea shipping along coasts
Rail gauges vary around the world
12-23
International Trade InventoriesMay vary in small ways from country to
country—products may be tailored to fit
Less is needed (than in U.S.) to serve any
one country
Return items are impossible to accommodate
Import and export quotas affect value of
inventories
Currency and language differences
Logistics Information TechnologLogistics Information Technology y
第三讲 物流信息技术
主讲教师:张余华教授主讲教师:张余华教授
物 流 管 理 学Thanks for Your Cooperation