焜琨褌髡鯤鵾鶤壼悃捆梱稇閫困廓彉括 kūn-kuò 249. 2. (bn.) ～縷 lánlǚ (MC lam-ljuX), ragged and tattered, ⦿襤褸 lánlǚ. 3. ⦿ 籃 lán, esp. as abb. of 籃輿lányú,

焜琨褌髡鯤鵾鶤壼悃捆梱稇閫困廓彉括 kūn-kuò 249

焜 kūn MC hwon1. bright, shining; warm glow.

琨 kūn MC kwon1. semi-precious stone, perhaps jasper.2. (bn.) ～珸 kūnwú, ⦿ 昆吾 kūnwú, → 昆 kūn.

褌 kūn MC kwon1. full-bottomed pants, drawers, breeches.2. (med.) underpants, loincloth.

髡 kūn MC khwon1. shave the head.

a. judicial punishment of having head shaved.b. (med.) bald-pate(d), a Budd. monk.

2. prune branches from a tree.

鯤 kūn MC kwon1. fabulous fish of gigantic size in the Northern Main 北溟, from opening passage of Zhuang-zi 莊子; transforms into the enormous → 鵬 péng-bird.

鵾 kūn MC kwon1. ～雞 kūnjī, “kun-fowl,” painted stork (Mycte-ria leucocephala), or common white stork (Cico-nia ciconia).

a. ～弦 kūnxián, “stork strings,” zither or lute strings made from kun-fowl sinews.

鶤 kūn MC kwon ⦿ 鵾 kūn.

kǔn

壼 kǔn MC kwonX1. corridor in palace or passage-way between palaces.

a. by metonymy, the inner palace, esp. women’s quarters.

悃 kǔn MC khwonX1. sincere; honest, trustworthy.

a. (bn.) ～款 kǔnkuǎn (MC khwonX-khwanX), true-hearted and trustworthy, devoted and dependable.

捆 kǔn MC khwonX1. to baste thread, sew temporarily with long stitches; plait, truss; esp. in making sandals.2. to hammer so as to make fast or secure.

梱 kǔn MC khwonX1. doorpost, gatepost, placed where 2 leaves meet to keep them from swinging back.

a. by metonymy, door-sill, border between inner and outer.

2. strike, knock, beat against. kùn MC khwonH1. make uniform, equalize.

稇 kǔn MC khwonX1. bind or truss up with twine, esp. in sheaves or bundles.

閫 kǔn MC khwonX1. threshold, of gate; esp. of city-gate.2. ⦿ 壼 kǔn, corridor in palace or passage-way between palaces; the inner palace, esp. women’s quarters.

kùn

困 kùn MC khwonH1. constrain(ed), constrict(ed); bound up; re-strict(ed), hem(med) in.

a. in difficulty, hard-pressed; arduous.2. exhausting, wearisome, tiresome; trying.3. in straits, straitened, pinched; in want, poor.4. “Obstruction,” name of 47th hexagram of the Yijing.

kuò

廓 kuò MC khwak1. vast, extensive, immense; broad; grand(eur); excess(ive).

a. immeasurable, unlimited; infinite.2. enlarge; broaden, extend.

a. open(ed) out, spread out; patent.3. empty; desert(ed); uncultivated; unpeopled.4. ⦿ 郭 guō 1, outermost wall of city area, outskirts.

彉 kuò MC xwak1. bend or pull a bow.

括 kuò MC khwat1. attach, bind; lash together; tie up, wrap up.2. include, contain; comprise, comprehend; draw together.3. seek, search, hunt for.

250 kuò-lái 擴栝闊鞟鞹䯺拉搚摺剌臘菈蠟辣鑞來

4. arrive, come to.5. rear tip of arrow, notch of arrow; by synecdo-che, arrow; ⦿ 栝 kuò 2.

擴 kuò MC khwak1. broaden, widen; expand; extend, spread.

a. patulent, patulous.

栝 kuò MC kat1. Chinese juniper (Sabina chinensis), ⦿ 檜 guì.2. rear tip of arrow, notch of arrow.3. binder, for straightening objects (e.g. arrows).

a. carpenter’s square.

闊 kuò MC khwat1. far-divided, far-separated (from), far off.

a. distance oneself from; estrange; ignore.b. far from reality, unrealistic; impractical.

2. commodious, capacious; vast, extensive.a. broadly spread; loose-fitting.

3. loosen, release; let go. a. excuse; exempt from, remit.

4. far back, ages ago.

鞟 kuò MC khwak ⦿ 鞹 kuò.

鞹 kuò MC khwak1. shorn pelt, depilated hide; leather.2. wrap round or bind up with leather.

䯺 kuò MC kwat1. bind up the hair, esp. in top-knot

L

lā

拉 lā MC lop1. break, snap in two, split; fracture, splinter.2. (med.) drag; tow, haul.

搚 lā MC lop1. ⦿ 拉 lā 1, break, snap.

摺 lā MC lop  → 摺 zhé.

là

剌 là MC lat1. perverse, refractory; fractious, contumacious; disagreeable.2. (med.) rdup., onom. of gusting or lapping wind; (bn.) 撥～ bōlà, → 撥 bō.

臘 là MC lap1. 12th-month sacrifice to all ancestors on 8th day of month, preceded by the → 儺 nuó exor-cism.2. sgl. or ～月 làyuè, All-Hallows month, 12th month.

a. gen. ref. to end of year.3. (Budd.) end of the monastic year coincid-ing with the end of summer retreat in the 6th month; marks the end of year when counting a

monk’s religious age, i.e. years since taking mo-nastic vows.

菈  là MC lop1. (med.) (bn.) ～擸 làlà (MC lop-lop), burst apart, crack, split open; also, crashing din.

蠟 là MC lap1. any waxy or greasy effusion from animal, plant, or mineral; cere, cereous.2. wax, beeswax.

a. (med.) abb. for ～燭 làzhú, wax-candle.3. ～梅 làméi, “wax-mume,” wintersweet (Chi-monanthus praecox), medium to tall deciduous shrub, with scented flowers blooming in winter.4. maggot.

辣 là MC lat1. (med.) spicy, peppery; piquant.

鑞 là MC lap1. (med.) solder; fuse lead and tin.

a. (med.) pewter.

lái

來 lái MC loj1. wheat (archaic usage).2. come, come to, arrive (ant. 往 wǎng, go); e.g.

崍徠萊騋勑瀨癩睞籟藾賚賴婪 lái-lán 251

～往 láiwǎng, come and go, back and forth; also, contacts or meetings between people; ～去 láiqù, arrive and depart, also ref. life and death.

a. cause to come; summon; bring along.3. the future, what is coming.

a. combined with 以 after a specified time or event, indicates from that time or event forward, coming from that time or event to the future, after the specified time; e.g. 漢興以～ hànxīng yǐlái, from the restoration of the Han onward.

4. (med.) when following time-period X: during X; e.g. 夜～ yèlái, during the night.5. (med.) (GP) from Tang times, when following VB indicates continuing action (cf. modern zhe 着) or change of status (cf. modern le 了).

崍 lái MC loj1. 邛～ qiónglái, name of mountain range in Sichuan.

徠 lái MC loj1. ⦿ 來 lái 2, come, come to; cause to come, bring along, summon. lài MC lojH1. ⦿ 勑 lài, encourage; comfort, console.

萊 lái MC loj1. goosefoot, melde (Chenopodium album), a weed with stalked, opposite leaves; syn. 藜 lí.2. gen. term for weeds; e.g. 蒿～ hāolái, worm-wood and weeds.

a. weed-choked, infested with weeds.b. to weed, clear out; eradicate.

3. land beyond the outskirts of a city that has gone uncultivated, weedland.

騋 lái MC loj1. a horse more than 7 chi 尺 (“feet”) tall, a stately horse.

lài

勑 lài MC lojH1. encourage; comfort, console. chì MC trhik1. ⦿ 敕 chì 1, rectify, organize; 2, advice, coun-sel, recommendation; (med.) imperial decree.

瀨 lài MC lajH1. riffle(s); brisk, chattering flow over sandbank or stones.

a. shallows.b. rapids.

癩 lài MC lajH1. leprosy; leprous, scabrous.

睞 lài MC lojH1. squint; skew; peer at.2. look sideways or askance at, out of the corner of one’s eye.

籟 lài MC lajH1. sounding-pipes.

a. pipings, sounds emitted from sounding- pipes (whether man-made or natural).

藾 lài MC lajH1. pearly everlasting (Anaphalis sinica), a small evergreen perennial shrub with silvery-gray leaves, many-petaled flowers, and fruits that are achenes; syn. 萩 qiū.2. to shade, cover, protect.

賚 lài MC lojH1. bestow on, grant, confer.

a. (med.) give, in general.

賴 lài MC lajH1. profit, benefit, take advantage of.2. rely on, depend on.

a. put one’s trust or confidence in; dependa-ble; e.g. 無～ wúlài, not to be trusted, unde-pendable, without certainty.b. lay a task or responsibility on.

3. (med.) go back on one’s word, renege.

lán

婪 lán MC lom1. covet(ous), greed(y), avaricious, cupidinous; insatiable.

a. rdup., greedy and grasping.b. (med.) impatient, restive, yearning for; e.g. ～尾 lánwěi, “restive tail,” the last guest to drink when wine is passed round at a banquet.

252 lán 嵐惏攔斕欄瀾籃籣藍蘭襤襴讕闌

嵐 lán MC lom1. aura of the hilltops; mountain fog or vapor; windgap-mist.

a. mist of mountain grove.

惏 lán MC lom1. ⦿ 婪 lán, covet(ous), greedy; insatiable. lín MC lim1. (bn.) ～悷 línlì (MC lim-lejH), joyless and mournful, doleful and downcast, woebegone.

攔 lán MC lan1. (med.) bar, obstruct; block off, cut off.

斕 lán MC lean1. (med.) (bn.) ～斑 (MC lean-paen) or ～斒 lánbān (MC lean-pean), or 斒～ bānlán, vividly various, diversely dazzling.

欄 lán MC lan1. pen for domestic animals.

a. stable, corral (for horses).2. sgl. or (bn.) ～杆 lán’gān (MC lan-kan), rail-ing, balustrade, barrier; also, criss-cross(ed), interlace(d); also, crack and cleave.

瀾 lán MC lan1. rolling or welling waves; swells, billows, breakers.

a. surge, swell; undulate; e.g. (bn.) ～汗 lánhàn (MC lan-hanH), swell and surge, swash and crash.b. (med.) rdup., welling tears, waves of tears.

làn MC lanH1. (bn.) ～漫 lànmàn (MC lanH-manH), fling-ing oneself around freely, with casual uncon-cern, willfully wanton; also, elated and exultant, at the height of happiness; also, glossily gleam-ing, glisteningly aglow; also, (med.) spreading into space, far-flung.

籃 lán MC lam1. (med.) wicker basket or hamper.2. (med.) sgl. or cmpd. ～輿 lányú, wicker or bamboo sedan-chair.

籣 lán MC lan ⦿ 䪍 lán.

藍 lán MC lam1. indigo (Polygonum tinctorium), the leaves of which are a source of blue dye; the dye-color produced from the plant was usu. ref. to as qing 青.

a. indigo-blue, as color, relatively rarely used through med. times.b. 紅～ hónglán, safflower (Carthamus tinc-torius).

2. (bn.) ～縷 lánlǚ (MC lam-ljuX), ragged and tattered, ⦿ 襤褸 lánlǚ.3. ⦿ 籃 lán, esp. as abb. of 籃輿 lányú, wicker or bamboo sedan-chair.

蘭 lán MC lan1. thoroughwort, agrimony, eupatorium (Eupa-torium japonicum, Eupatorium fortunei), flowers white or very light purple; a genus of the aster family that includes chrysanthemums and dai-sies; (lit.) often symbolic of purity of character, redolent integrity.

a. ～若 lánruò, cmpd. ref. to láncǎo ～草, thoroughwort, and dùrùo 杜若, pollia.

2. ～花 lánhuā, “superior sword orchid” (Cym-bidium ensifolium). n.b. This meaning for lán not attested until the Song period; for pre-Song texts, lán is invariably Eupatorium, not “orchid.”3. 木～ mùlán, laurel magnolia, lily tree (Mag-nolia denudata); 紫玉～ zǐyùlán, lily magnolia (Magnolia liliflora), syn. 辛夷 xīnyí.4. (Budd.) ～若 lánrě, abb. of 阿～若 ālánrě (MC a-lan-nya), trsc. of Skt. araṇya, quiet refuge, hermitage; ～闍 lánshé (MC lan-dzyae), abb. trsc. Skt. rañjanī, “good cheer,” Budd. greeting.5. (bn.) ～單 lándān (MC lan-tan), fatigued, tired; worn and weary.6. ⦿ 闌 lán weapon rack; 欄 lán palisade; balustrade.

襤 lán MC lam1. unhemmed garments.2. (bn.) ～褸 or ～縷 lánlǚ (MC lam-ljuX), rag-ged and tattered, shabby and ragged, scrappy and tattered.

襴 lán MC lan1. (med.) sgl. or cmpd. ～衫 lánshān, long, flow-ing robe that trails and billows.

讕 lán MC lan1. repudiate, deny.

a. renege on a promise.2. accuse falsely, bear false witness, traduce; defame, slander.

闌 lán MC lan1. bar(rier), railing, balustrade; ⦿ 欄 lán 2.

a. bar, obstruct; separate, divide.

䪍懶擥攬欖纜覽濫爁爛㝗廊桹榔狼 lán-láng 253

b. (bn.) ～干 lán’gān (MC lan-kan), railing, balustrade; also, criss-cross(ed), interlaced; also, crack and cleave; ⦿ 欄杆 lán’gān.

2. abate, wane; wear away; finish, end; e.g. 星～ xīng lán, the stars faded; 夜～ yè lán, the night wore on.3. unauthorized, unsanctioned, esp. of entering and exiting restricted places.4. (med.) ～單 lándān (MC lan-tan), weary and worn-out, exhausted.

䪍 lán MC lan1. quiver, for arrows.

lǎn

懶 lǎn MC lanX1. (med.) sloth(ful), lethargic; torpid; inactive, passive.

a. (med.) otiose; unambitious; careless, shift-less.

擥 lǎn MC lamX1. ⦿ 攬 lǎn 1, grasp, clasp; hold.2. ～涕 lǎntì, wipe dry one’s tears.

攬 lǎn MC lamX1. grasp, clasp; hold.

a. take charge of, control.2. gather in, gather up; cull.3. adopt, take up.

欖 lǎn MC lamX1. (med.) (bn.) 橄～ gǎnlǎn, → 橄 gǎn.

纜 lǎn MC lamX1. (med.) hawser, heavy cable for mooring or towing a boat.

覽 lǎn MC lamX1. look broadly at, canvass; scan; vista.

a. look over; peruse.2. adopt, take up; ⦿ 攬 lǎn 3.

làn

濫 làn MC laemH1. brim over, overflow; flood; e.g. ～觴 lànshāng, overflow a goblet, ref. the insignificant source of a river, esp. the Yellow River; > imperceptible beginning, trifling onset.

a. drift away; spread out.

2. excessive(ly), extravagant(ly); overfull; immod-erate.

a. (med.) abuse; presume (wrongly) to do X.

爁 làn MC laemH1. (bn.) ～焱 lànyàn (MC laemH-yemH), roar-ing fire, flames flaring.

爛 làn MC lanH1. soften by boiling or stewing.2. disintegrate(d), deteriorate; fall apart; (un)loose(ned), fray(ed).

a. decompose(d), rotten, overripe; molder.3. burn up, burn through.4. glisten(ing), scintillant, phosphorescent; glit-tering, sparkling; rdup., flashing and flaring.5. (bn.) ～漫 lànmàn (MC lanH-manH), free and unfettered, in total abandon; also, wholly and fully, extravagantly; also, fresh and bright, vividly various, fully displayed or flaunted.

láng

㝗 láng MC lang1. (bn.) 㝩～ kāngláng, → 㝩 kāng.

廊 láng MC lang1. covered corridor or area attached to a build-ing; portico, arcade, veranda.2. structures surrounding a palace hall; e.g. ～廟 lángmiào, gen. term for the court.

桹 láng MC lang1. (med.) beating-pole, struck on the sides of a boat to drive fish into a net.

a. (med.) rdup., onom. of wood striking wood, thump-thump.

2. (bn.) 桄～ guāngláng, → 桄 guāng (guàng).

榔 láng MC lang1. (med.) beating-pole, struck on the sides of a boat to drive fish into a net.2. (med.) ～榆 lángyú, Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifloria, Ulmus chinensis).3. (med.) (bn.) 檳～ bīnláng, → 檳 bīn; 桄～ guāngláng, → 桄 guāng.

狼 láng MC lang1. wolf.2. ～尾草 lángwěicǎo, foxtail grass, foun-tain-grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides); syn. 蕫蓈 dǒngláng.

254 láng-lǎng 琅硠稂筤艆莨蓈螂郎鋃閬朗

3. cmpd. ～籍, ～藉 lángjí, strewn in a clutter, littered and jumbled, in a total mess; (med.) cmpd. ～狽 lángbèi, fall stupidly out of step, stumble and blunder unwittingly; disconnect-ed(ly), disconcerted(ly) (< 2 animals, 1 with front legs too short, 1 with back legs too short, who must lean on each other to go forward).

琅 láng MC lang1. (bn.) ～玕 lánggān, gemstone-jade (MC lang-kan), prob. ref. originally to malachite, but regularly used as name of gemstone from dis-tant lands or supernal regions, appropriate to decorate persons of special beauty or power, to nourish transcendent beings, to grow as trees in paradise realms.2. rdup., onom. of tinkle or clink of pendants, bells, other metallic objects; also, (med.) sterling distinction, ref. outstanding person.

a. (Dao.) ～玕華 lánggānhuá, efflorescence of gemstone-jade, astro-alchemical concoc-tion involving absorption of stellar essences, a Shangqing practice.

3. (bn.) ～當 lángdāng (MC lang-tang), onom. of tink-clink of pendants, bells, etc.; also, shack-les, iron chains, onom. of clank-lank of same; rdup., onom. of clear tones of stone-chimes: ling-ling.

硠 láng MC lang1. onom. of a rockslide, a mountain collapsing

a. rdup., onom. of rocks grinding and grating together; also, staunch and strong.

稂 láng MC lang1. ryegrass, darnel, tare.

筤 láng MC lang1. (med.) fresh bamboo-shoots.

艆 láng MC lang1. (med.) sea-going vessel, ship.

莨 láng MC lang1. foxtail grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides), syn. 狼尾草 lángwěicǎo. làng MC langH1. (bn.) ～菪 làngdàng (MC langH-dangH), henbane (Hyoscyamus niger).

蓈 láng MC lang1. (bn.) 蕫～ dǒngláng, → 蕫 dǒng.

螂 láng MC lang1. (bn.) 蜣～ qiāngláng (MC khjang-lang), → 蜣 qiāng; (bn.) 螳～ tángláng, → 螳 táng; (bn.) 蟑～ zhāngláng, → 蟑 zhāng.

郎 láng MC lang1. gentleman, person of respect; used in various titles at court; e.g. 侍～ shìláng, “officiant gentle-man,” from Han to Tang usu. mid-level attendant or secretary, in Tang the 2nd-ranking position in the Imperial Secretariat (zhongshusheng 中書省) and Chancellery (menxiasheng 門下省) carry-ing with it appointment as a grand councilor (zaixiang 宰相); ～中 lángzhōng, “gentleman of the inner court,” from Han to Tang usu. a ser-vitor awaiting appointment, in Tang the head of a sub-office (si 司) of a department (bu 部) in the Bureau of State Affairs (shangshusheng 尚書省).2. (med.) donzel, esquire, young gentleman.

a. (med.) gen. term for a courtier or servitor.3. (med.) term of address for husband by wife, for master by slave: my sir, my master; for son-in-law: master; with exaggerated courtesy for young boys: young sir, young master.

a. (med.) 女～ nǚláng, term of endearment used toward young girl: lass(ie).

4. (med.) (ADV) truly, really, doubtless.

鋃 láng MC lang1. (bn.) ～鐺 lángdāng (MC lang-tang), shackles, iron chains; to link together, chain.

閬 láng MC lang1. grand or high gate.2. spacious, far-extended.

a. rdup., yawning, gaping, hollow.3. fell(s), elevated stretch of wild land, moor-land ridge; e.g. ～風 lángfēng, “Wind-on-the-Fells,” name of a peak on Mt. Kunlun 崑崙山.4. dry moat. lǎng MC langX1. (bn.) 儻～ or 爣～ tǎnglǎng, → 儻 tǎng. liǎng MC ljangX1. (bn.) 罔～ wǎngliǎng, → 罔 wǎng.

lǎng

朗 lǎng MC langX1. sgl. or rdup., brilliant, luculent, glowing; transparently luminous, brightly gleaming.

a. bright, intelligent, far-sighted, enlightened.

烺埌浪勞撈浶牢簩醪栳潦 lǎng-lǎo 255

2. sgl. or rdup., loud and clear, resonant, sonorous. 3. (med.) serene, poised; e.g. ～豫 lǎngyù, serenely tranquil.

烺 lǎng MC langX1. (med.) rdup., brilliant and dazzling; striking and distinct.

làng

埌 làng MC langH1. (bn.) 壙～ kuànglàng, → 壙 kuàng.

浪 làng MC langH1. whitecap, breaking wave, billow; comber, surf.

a. surge up, rise; billow.2. reckless, unrestrained; carefree, negligent(ly); insouciant; e.g. ～語 làngyǔ, crazy talk; ～人 làngrén, drifter, someone attached to no place.

a. (med.) as one will, however one likes, casually.b. (med.) expansive, effusive, exuberant.c. (med.) (bn.) ～漫 làngmàn (MC langH-manH), carefree and unconstrained, extrav-agantly expansive; also, vibrant and bright.

3. (med.) vain(ly), in vain, pointless, useless(ly); e.g. ～語 làngyǔ, pointless speech; ～死 làngsǐ, die for naught.4. (med.) tap, strike against, drum; e.g. ～栧 làngyì, drumming oars. láng MC lang1. (med.) rdup., coursing incessantly, of river or prolonged rain.

láo

勞 láo MC law1. (be)labor, struggle, put under strain; take trouble with.

a. travail, toil, moil; trouble(some), strenuous.b. troubled at heart, depressed, overborne.

2. contribution, accomplishment; credit, merit. lào MC lawH1. comfort, console; assuage; reassure, commis-erate; encourage, hearten.2. acknowledge, recognize, or express thanks for one’s labors.

a. remunerate, compensate, pay off; requite with gifts; reward.

3. trouble oneself to entertain, provide food and drink for.

撈 láo MC law1. (med.) dredge up, drag out of water, drag for.

浶 láo MC law1. (bn.) ～浪 láolàng (MC law-langH), raise and rouse (esp. game), rummage and ransack, search out and scare up.

牢 láo MC law1. pen for domestic animals; coop; stockade.

a. pen up, enclose; cage.2. collective term for animals used in sacrifices, indicating the type of sacrifice; e.g. 大～ dàláo, suovetaurilia (sacrifice of pig, sheep, and ox); 小～ xiǎoláo, suoveilia (of pig and sheep).3. prison, pen for criminals; N.B. this meaning rare in pre-Han times.4. public granary; food supplied from govern-ment storehouses.5. firm, secure.6. (bn.) ～落 láoluò (MC law-lak), desolate and deserted, silent and set apart; scattered and strewn; withered and fallen. lào MC lawH1. (med.) (bn.) 搜～ sōulào, → 搜 sōu. lóu MC luw1. reduce in the middle of the fist; roll in the hand, knead; e.g. ～丸 lóuwán, kneaded dough-ball.

簩 láo MC law1. unspecified poisonous variety of bamboo, native to Wu area, may be shaped into a lance to kill wild animals at a touch.

醪 láo MC law1. unstrained wine, still with lees; usu. ref. a rich ale, sweeter than 醴 lǐ.

lǎo

栳 lǎo MC lawX1. (med.) (bn.) 栲～ kǎolǎo, → 栲 kǎo.

潦 lǎo MC lawX1. heavy rain, rainstorm, torrent(ial). lào MC lawH1. flooded roads; inundation. liǎo MC lewX1. (med.) (bn.) ～倒 liǎodǎo (MC lewX-tawX), undisciplined, incorrigible, willful and incura-ble; also, dispirited and depressed.

256 lǎo-léi 老轑嫪憦澇酪勒扐樂泐肋艻阞儡

老 lǎo MC lawX1. old, elder(ly), aged, advanced in years (cf. 舊 jiù, of long standing; 古 gǔ, of long ago).

a. elder; venerable: sgl. or in various combined terms showing respect for seniority or rank.b. sgl. or cmpd. ～身 lǎoshēn, humble self- reference: this oldster.c. aging; waning, declining.d. old age, senescence, end of life; die of old age.e. (med.) prefixed to surname or to birth-rank in generation or family, showing friend-ship or intimacy.

2. superannuated; outmoded, obsolete; stale.a. retire(d), withdraw(n), estivate(d).

3. experienced (in), versed (in), masterly, devoted to; practiced (in), proficient (at); knowl-edgeable (of).

轑 lǎo MC lawX1. curved pole of a carriage canopy.

a. by synecdoche, arched canopy of carriage. liǎo MC ljewX1. ⦿ 橑 liǎo, upswept eaves of roof; 燎 liǎo, controlled burn; burn up, enflame.

lào

嫪 lào MC lawH1. (med.) tentiginous, lust(ful).

a. (med.) jealous of, greedy for; clinging, tenacious.

憦 lào MC lawH1. (bn.) 懊～ àolào, → 懊 ào.

澇 lào MC lawH1. drenched, flooded from rain; waterlogged, inundated. láo MC law1. cresting wave, heaving wave.

酪 lào MC lak1. kumiss, fermented mare’s milk (also cow’s or sheep’s), < Khotan-Saka ragai (with metathesis).

a. yogurt, milk curdled by bacteria.

lè

勒 lè MC lok1. bit, mouthpiece of bridle.

a. pull on the bit; rein in, pull up; restrain.

2. control; lead, direct.3. compel, force, exercise pressure.4. carve, engrave (text on stone).

a. (med.) outline, limn; transcribe.5. (med.) trsc. Tokharian rak, fruit, in “3 fruits” 三～ sānlè (Skt. triphalā), medicinal tonic of 3 myrobalans from Central Asia/Northern India: 毗梨～ pílílè (MC bij-lij-lok), belliric myrobalan (Terminalia bellirica, Skt. vibhītakī), 訶梨～ hēlílè (MC ha-lij-lok), chebulic myrobalan (Ter-minalia chebula, Skt. harītakī), 菴摩～ ānmólè (MC ‘om-ma-lok), emblic myrobalan (Emblica officinalis, Skt. āmalaka).6. (med.) (bn.) 蘿～ luólè, → 蘿 luó. lēi MC lok1. (med.) bind up; tie, fasten, twist together; tighten.

扐 lè MC lok1. spaces between the fingers; esp. for holding divining-stalks.

樂 lè MC lak  → 樂 yuè.

泐 lè MC lok1. split along veins of stone.

a. erode; wear away from exposure.2. (med.) ⦿ 勒 lè 4, engrave.

肋 lè MC lok  → 肋 lèi.

艻 lè MC lok1. (bn.) 蘿～ luólè, → 蘿 luó.2. ⦿ 扐 lè, spaces between the fingers; esp. for holding divining-stalks.

阞 lè MC lok1. veins of earth; creases and depressions reflecting structure of mountains, rivers, etc.

léi

儡 léi MC lwoj1. fatigued, worn out.

a. enfeebled, weak.2. discomfit(ed); destroy, wreck, damage; over-throw.3. rdup., listless and dispirited, dour and depressed. lěi MC lwojX1. (med.) (bn.) 傀～ kuǐlěi, → 傀 kuǐ (guī).

樏櫑縲纍罍羸蔂虆轠雷靁傫儽壘磊磥礨 léi-lěi 257

樏 léi MC lwij1. litter, for being conveyed in mountains. lěi MC ljweX1. (med.) plate, with internal partitions.

a. (med.) lacquered box with partitions, boxes often in pairs to fit together.

櫑 léi MC lwoj ⦿ 罍 léi.

縲 léi MC lwij1. ropes or bonds to restrain a prisoner.

a. be bound; in bonds; > imprisoned.

纍 léi MC lwij1. cord, rope, line.

a. put in bonds, as prisoner.2. encircle, engird, encompass.3. rdup., continuously connected, clustered and commingled, joined and jumbled; also, bewil-dered, dejected. lěi MC lwijX1. piled up, heaped up; aggregate, accumulate. lèi MC lwijH1. rope in, implicate, involve, entangle.

罍 léi MC lwoj1. wine-vase, with a large body, made of copper or pottery.

a. (med.) cannikin, drinking vessel.

羸 léi MC ljwe1. emaciated, thin, gaunt.

a. feeble, weak.b. fade away, attenuate; decline; falter.

2. exhausted, weary; haggard; peaked.a. outworn, timeworn; shoddy.

3. ruin; undermine.4. bind up, tie up; encircle, wrap up.

蔂 léi MC lwij1. creeping grapevine, species of liana (Vitis flexuosa).

a. bind round, wind round, envelope.2. basket or pannier, esp. for carrying earth.3. ⦿ 樏 léi, litter, to be carried on amidst mountains.

虆 léi MC lwij ⦿ 蔂 léi.

轠 léi MC lwoj1. butt against, collide with; strike, batter.2. rdup., onom. of thundering rumble, rumble and rattle, of carts or carriages.

3. (bn.) ～轤 léilú (MC lwoj-lu), bound and linked together, completely connected.

雷 léi MC lwoj1. thunder(ous), thunderclap.

a. beat or strike thunderously, esp. a drum.

靁 léi MC lwoj ⦿ 雷 léi.

lěi

傫 lěi MC lwojX1. sgl. or rdup., tired and overtaxed, fatigued, worn out, done in, exhausted; listless and dispir-ited, lethargic, depressed.

儽 lěi MC lwojX ⦿ 傫 lěi.

壘 lěi MC lwijX1. earthworks, military defences incl. rampart, entrenchment, fortification, bulwark.2. build up, pile up, pile on.

a. rdup., piled higher and higher, heaped and massed, more and more.

3. (bn.) ～塊 lěikuài (MC lwijX-khwojH), rough and rugged, gnarled and knotty. léi MC lwij1. truss up, bind. lèi MC lwijH1. shower stones on enemy from above, ⦿ 礧 lèi.

磊 lěi MC lwojX1. piled-up rocks.

a. amassed; gigantic.b. rdup., massed and mounded, heaped and huddled, stacked and scrambled, hugger- mugger; also, (med.) clear-cut and complete; wholly candid, open and aboveboard.

2. shingle, talus; rubble.a. (bn.) ～落 lěiluò (MC lwojX-lak), rough and rugged, flintlike; pebbled and piled, massive boulder > outstandingly impressive, highly distinguished; (bn.) ～砢 lěiluǒ (MC lwojX-laX), gnarled and knotty, rugged and hubbly; (bn.) ～塊 lěikuài (MC lwojX-kh-wojH), same as preceding.

磥 lěi MC lwojX ⦿ 磊 lěi.

礨 lěi MC lwojX1. cave, hollow; den.

258 lěi-léng 累耒藟誄淚礧纇肋酹類棱楞

lèi MC lwojH1. ⦿ 礧 lèi, shower rocks or roll logs on an enemy from above.

累 lěi MC ljweX1. pile up, heap up; stack, mound; cluster(ed); e.g. ～重 lěichóng, massed; tiered; ～足 lěizú, one foot on top of another, i.e. immobile, transfixed.

a. clump(ed); pebbled; e.g. ～丸 lěiwán, “pebbly pellet,” fungus that resembles pebbles (Omphalia lapidescens), used medicinally.

2. gather up, collect together; hoard, store, set aside; accumulation; e.g. ～辭 lěicí, hoard of words, verbose; ～息 lěixī, bated breath.

a. repeat(edly), successive; continuous; fre-quent; e.g. ～日 lěirì, many days in succession.b. increase(d), add(ed) to; augment, pile on.

lèi MC ljweH1. trouble(some), bother(some).

a. overwork(ed), tire(d).2. tie up, rope; bind up, bind round; entangle (-ment).

a. complication; quandary, predicament.b. rope in; involve, implicate(d); compro-mise(d); shackled.

耒 lěi MC lwijX1. digging-stick, 2-pronged; plowstick > plow; e.g. ～耜 lěisì, plows and plowshares, plough-sticks and square-frame plows.

藟 lěi MC lwijX1. creeping grapevine, liana (Vitis flexuosa); ⦿ 蔂 léi 1.2. wind round; entangle.

誄 lěi MC lwijX1. eulogize the deeds and character of the dead.

a. (lit.) eulogy, verse form of solemn nature, usu. heptametric and with a prose preface giving the circumstances of composition.

lèi

淚 lèi MC lwijH1. tears; teardrop.

a. tearful, lachrymose; weep(ing). lì MC lejH1. cold; glacial.2. (med.) rdup., intensely forceful, vehement.

礧 lèi MC lwojH1. in war, shower rocks or roll logs on enemy from above. lěi MC lwojX1. crash against, collide with. léi MC lwoj1. (med.) rdup., distinct and well-defined, stand out clearly.

纇 lèi MC lwojH1. knot in silk thread; knotty.2. kink; rough spot; defect, drawback; deforma-tion, scar.

a. perverse; disagreeable.

肋 lèi MC lok1. rib(s); sides of chest.

酹 lèi MC lwojH1. pour a libation on the ground.

類 lèi MC lwijH1. category, class, kind, type, sort; e.g. ～聚 lèijù, collection or gathering grouped by category.2. akin to, conform to; be of the same category, etc.

a. analogy; analogize.3. arrangement, disposition; criterion, standard.4. (ADV) for the most part; in general, in the main.5. (GP) (Budd.) following a personal pronoun or a noun ref. to a person, forms plural.

léng

棱 léng MC long1. (med.) square-edged log.

a. (med.) angle(d), edge; ridge(d).2. (med.) severe, formal; stiff, austere.3. (med.) stately, dignified; imposing, majestic.4. (med.) rdup., bitter and biting, of wind; also, stately and solemn, austere and severe; (bn.) ～層 léngcéng (MC long-dzong), tiered and tow-ering, of mountains; also, cruel and ruthless, of appearance.

楞 léng MC long1. (med.) ⦿ 棱 léng 1a, angle, edge.2. (Budd.) ～伽 léngqié (MC leng-gwa), trsc. Skt. Laṅka, name of mountain in Ceylon where Bud-dha reputedly preached the Laṅkavatāra sūtra.3. (med.) (bn.) ～層 léngcéng (MC long-dzong), cruel and ruthless, of appearance.