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Séminaire Agrocarburants et développement durable – Grenoble, 28-29/01/2008
(% in energy content) Roadmap may depend upon States, e.g. France
In USA 2015 : 15 % EtOH in gasoline 90 Mt EtOH (50% corn = 45
Mt !) 2030 : 30 % EtOH in gasoline 160 Mt EtOH
Liquid biofuel blending share targets (EC)
European Council, March 8-9, 2007, conclusions:A minimum ratio of 10% biofuels of the total consumption of gasoline and diesel oil for transportation in EU, this target having to be achieved by 2020 in all Member States, at a reasonable cost. This target is justified, if the production has a sustainable feature, if second generation biofuels are on the market and the directive on the quality of biofuels has to be modified accordingly to plan the suitable blending levels.
Séminaire Agrocarburants et développement durable – Grenoble, 28-29/01/20086
Le prétraitement aim: making cellulose available to the action of
enzymes or catalysts (sometimes leads to fractionation, e.g. hemicellulose hydrolysis)
technology: physical-chemical, several competing technologies (steam explosion, diluted acid, thermohydrolysis at 200°C, ...)
constraints: energy consumption, degradation of sugars, formation of toxic compounds, continuous feeding of reactors under pressure, corrosion, dry matter concentration
Bioéthanol: le procédé (2)Le prétraitement
Séminaire Agrocarburants et développement durable – Grenoble, 28-29/01/200811
•obtenir des enzymes plus efficaces•diminuer le coût de production des enzymes
•Prétraitement•choix technologiques à effectuer : un bon prétraitement doit déstructurer la paroi végétale sans détruire les sucres (baisse du rendement et production d'inhibiteurs)
•Fermentation•conversion des pentoses en éthanol•résistance aux inhibiteurs
•Intégration du procédé•diminuer les consommations d'énergie•diminuer les demandes en eau
•Validation en pilote/démo
Bioéthanol lignocellulosique : conclusions
Séminaire Agrocarburants et développement durable – Grenoble, 28-29/01/200817
• POET (Broin & Associates) : 80 000 t EtOH/an (corn cobs), integration in a production unit from corn-grain (cellulosic ethanol = 25 % total capacity)