How to stop accidents before they happen About 2 million young people 10-14 visit the emergency room each year 1 out 10 adolescents will have an.

How to stop accidents before they happen

About 2 million young people 10-14 visit the emergency room each year

1 out 10 adolescents will have an injury serious enough for an emergency room visit this year

Accidents- leading cause of death among 8 to 14

By learning and practicing safe habits you are preventing accidents

Use the buddy system. Never go by yourself Stick to safe places Carry a flashlight at night and wear light colored clothing so cars

can see you Home alone- keep the door locked and do not answer the doorbell Check the caller ID- if its not someone you know, don’t answer Internet- do not enter personal information Social networking- anyone can read what you post- use common

sense If someone tries to make you go somewhere you don’t want to go,

get away- scream for help Playing sports-wear proper protective gear Don’t play ball or use skateboard in the road or parking lots Concentrate on what you are doing Know your limits Think ahead Resist peer pressure

Kitchen On the stove, turn pot handles in so they can’t be bumped Wipe up spills immediately Keep anything that can burn away from the stove top Knives should not be left on the counter where they could fall off Don’t leave stove burners on when nothing is cooking Put safety locks on cabinets and chemicals out of reach

Bathroom Keep medicine in original packaging Keep it out of sight of children Don’t put a radio, TV, or any other electrical device near the sink or tub Apply non skid strips to the bottom of the bathtub/ shower

Around the House Don’t climb on ladders, cabinets, or furniture to get items unless there is a spotter Put your stuff up so people don’t trip over it Curtain and blind cords should be tied up and out of reach Gates should be at the bottom and top of all stairs Don’t run up and down stairs Don’t use loose carpets

Keep all electrical appliances and devices away from water Use appliances only when hands are dry and you’re standing

on dry ground Turn off and unplug small appliances after you use them Don’t plug in cords if they are not in good condition Put cords where you won’t trip over them, but not under rugs Remind adults to put safety caps in all outlets Don’t put too many plugs in one outlet To unplug an appliance, pull the plug head not the cord Turn off space heaters when you leave the room Keep space heaters at least 3 ft. away from anything that can

burn If you see a wire hanging loose, stay away Don’t ever reach in an electrical device when it is plugged in

Fire Safety Keep stoves clean to avoid burns and fires Keep flammable objects at least 3 ft. away from portable heaters Never smoke in bed or on overstuffed furniture Inspect electrical outlets, wires, and appliances for safety Throw out newspapers, oily rags, and other materials that burn easily Use and store matches properly Install smoke alarms on level of the home

Reducing Risk of Injury in a Fire Leave the house immediately if possible Call the fire dept. from a neighbor’s house or cell phone If you are in the house, stay close to the ground below the smoke- keep

nose and mouth covered Before opening a closed door, feel it- if hot exit another way If clothing catches fire- stop, drop, and roll Never go back into a burning building Leave firefighting to the experts

Automobile Safety Always put your seat belt on Don’t distract the driver Never jump around or throw things or change seats. Obey the rules of the road Never ride with someone who has been drinking or using drugs

Bicycle Safety Wear a helmet (70 to 80%) head injuries result of not wearing helmets Reduce risk by 85% Follow the rules of the road Defensive driving- watch out for others and anticipate unsafe acts Don’t ride at night or in bad weather ( wear lights and reflective clothing if you

must drive at night) Check the safety of your bike

Skates, Skateboards, and Scooters Wear protective gear Keep speed under control Watch for pedestrians and stay off busy sidewalks Avoid parking lots and streets with traffic On a soft surface, practice a safe way to fall

Pedestrian Safety Do’s▪ Cross streets at cross walks▪ Obey traffic signals▪ Look left, right, left before crossing▪ In day light, wear bring clothing; night wear reflective gear and carry a

flashlight▪ No sidewalk? Stay to the left side of road and walk facing oncoming

traffic Don'ts▪ Don’t jaywalk or cross the street in the middle of the block▪ Don’t walk into the street between parked cars▪ Don’t assume a driver will see you because you see them▪ Don’t walk into a large group that covers the side walk and into the road▪ Don’t enter the street without looking left, right, left

Recreational Safety Be aware of the weather Use the buddy system

Water Safety Never swim alone Swim in supervised areas only Don’t dive into water if you don’t know how deep it is Never pretend to be drowning Get out of the water if you hear thunder or see lightning Use plenty of sunscreen and cover up so you won’t get burned If you get caught in a strong current, swim parallel to the shore Don’t swim when you are tired Avoid drugs and alcohol

Boat Safety Wear a life jacket Get off water if a thunderstorm develops

Hiking and Camping Safety Wear protective clothing Bring equipment and supplies Follow fire safety rules Know poisonous plants and animals Have a cell phone

Tornadoes- whirling, funnel shaped windstorm that may drop from the sky to the ground Tornado watch- tornadoes are possible with the weather in your area Tornado warning- funnel cloud has been spotted ( seek shelter

immediately) Avoid windows Cover yourself Lie down

Earthquakes- violent shaking movement of the Earth’s surface Most deaths happen when bits of building or heavy furniture fall on

people Cant really prepare for an earthquake, but you can protect yourself Stay inside If you are outdoors, stay in the open Be careful afterward In a car- pull over and stop

Thunderstorms Severe thunderstorm watch- thunderstorms are possible Severe thunderstorm warning- thunderstorms are occurring Close all windows and doors- draw shades to reduce flying glass Don’t use electrical appliances ( phone/ computer) Outdoors/ boat- seek shelter immediately In a car- pull over- keep away from trees and phone poles

Floods More people loose their lives because of floods- don’t try to swim or

drive across a flooded roadway (speed and depth are not obvious) Flood watch- flooding is possible; be prepared to move to higher

grounds Flood warning- flooding is or will soon occur Flash flood warning- a flash flood is occurring now or soon; move to

higher ground immediately. Flash floods occur much more quickly than river floods.

Make sure to turn off gas, electricity, and water before leaving your house

Blizzards- heavy snow storm with winds up to 45 miles per hour Stay inside Wear protective clothing Avoid getting lost

Hurricanes- strong windstorm with driving rain that originates at sea Secure your home Take loose objects indoors Leave the area

Guns Guns should have trigger locks and should always be

stored unloaded in a locked cabinet Ammunition should be stored in a separate, locked

closet Anyone who will handle a gun should be trained in

gun safety Guns should always be handled if they are loaded Guns should never be pointed at anyone

Knives Don’t bring pocket knives to school Handle knives with proper care

Stay calm, walk away, and report the situation immediately Gang Violence

May take part in illegal activity- robbery or stealing cars Do you want to be part of a family that terrorizes and hurts others? Choose your friends wisely

Violence at School Most schools have safety officers, and some have metal detectors and require

see through back packs Teachers and other school personnel are trained in handling violent situations Most schools are careful to keep outside doors locked so that no one can enter

the school without first going to the office.

The immediate temporary care given to an injured or ill person until he or she can get professional help

Be prepared Take universal precautions- actions to prevent the

spread of disease by treating all blood as if it was contaminated

First Steps: Recognize the signs of an Emergency- listen for people calling

out or unusual noises; or odor Decide to Act- evaluate situation and decide what action to take Call for Help- 9-1-1 Provide care until help arrives- stay with person until

professional help arrives and protect them

Condition in which the ligament that holds the joint in position is stretched or torn

Rest- 24 to 48 hours Ice-Compression- in an elastic bandageElevation- raise above the heart to

reduce swelling

Broken bonesFracture- break in the boneStay calmMake the person comfortable, but don’t

move them- can make injury worseCall a doctor or 9-1-1 right awaySplint the injury If the broken bone has split the skin- call

9-1-1 immediately and don’t touch it

Apply Pressure Press a clean cloth against the wound for a few minutes Wash with mild soap and warm water It will heal itself- keep area clean and dry Point antibacterial ointment on it and cover with a bandaid

Serious Cuts Try to stop bleeding with pressure0 don’t take the cloth off Go to the emergency room

Infected Cuts Area will be red and swollen/ oozing yellowish substance See a doctor to get proper medication for the infection

Nosebleeds Hold your head forward Pinch your nose together and breathe through your mouth- 10 minutes Check to see if stopped bleeding- if not repeat for 10 minutes

Preventing Nosebleeds Don’t pick your nose or stick objects in it Don’t blow it hard

First Aid: Insect Stings Remove the stinger Apply ice / cold pack to relieve pain and prevent

swelling Tick: remove with tweezers

First Aid: Insect Bites Wash the affected area Apply a special lotion for bites

Signs: Rash Difficulty breathing Signs of shock

More than 3,000 people die from choking each year

choking is when something is blocking the airway If the object is not removed air will not reach the

lungs and the person could die Choking person may have a look of fear and may

clutch their throat, wheeze, gasp, turn red/purple, have bulging eyes, and be unable to speak

You may be able to clear the object by abdominal thrusts- quick upward pulls into the diaphragm to force out an obstruction blocking the airway

Depends on the amount of skin burned, the location of the burn, and depth of the burn

Burns to the eye, airway, and chemical burns are treated special

First degree burn- outer layer of skin; run cool water over it for 15 minutes and apply sterile bandage

Second degree burn- skin is splotchy-develop blisters; diameter of 2-3 in (treat as a first degree burn) bigger-get help immediately

Third degree burn- charred black, appear dry or white; GET HELP IMMEDIATELY

½ of all poisons involves medicines or household products

Causes harm when swallowed, breathed in, absorbed through the skin, or injected in the body

Call the nearest poison control center- need treatment immediately

They will tell you what action to take- may suggest water or milk to dilute the poison

If you get a foreign object in your eye- don’t rub it

Rubbing can cause injuryTry to flush the eye out with clean waterHelping someone?

Locate the foreign object Pull the lower lid downward If you see it, lightly touch it with a moist

cotton ball If you can not remove it- seek immediate

medical assistance

Life threatening condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver enough blood to vital tissues and organs

Signs to look for: Cool, clammy, pale or gray skin Weak and rapid pulse Slow, shallow breathing Pupils dilated- eyes dull If conscious- may feel faint, weak, confused, or anxious

Call for help and take these precautions Lie down on back Raise feet higher than head Keep person from moving Loosen tight clothing Keep person warm Do not give them anything to drink or eat If they vomit or bleed- roll to side to prevent choking

Blood supply to the brain is cut off for a short amount of time

Leave the person lying down Check the airway Raise legs above the head Loosen any tight clothing If they do not regain consciousness in 1 to

2m minutes call for help If they are not breathing, call for help and

start CPR Losing consciousness after a head injury is

not fainting- call for help if this occurs

Frostnip Extremities are pale and somewhat numb. Early sign of frostbite Go inside and remove wet clothing Wrap up in warm blankets/ warm clothing and

take a warm bathFrostbite

If your extremities turn white or yellowish gray and you can’t feel them at all go to the hospital right away

Heat cramps – painful involuntary muscle spasms that usually occur during heavy exercise in hot weather Rest, cool down, drink water or a sports drink with

electrolytes ( gentle stretching) Heat exhaustion- a condition cauterized by fainting, nausea,

rapid heartbeat, and hot, red, sweaty, or dry skin Take to a shady/ air conditioned place, lie down, elevate

feet, loosen clothing, drink cold ( not ice) water, spray with cool water and fan

Heatstroke- most serious form of heat illness Treat for heat exhaustion and call 9-1-1 immediately

Sunburn Always wear sunblock Get a burn? Don’t go back out into the sun Aloe Vera might help and over the counter pain reliever

Fire and Police Department Local Clinic Red Cross Kentucky Health Department National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Federal Emergency Management Association- natural

disasters U.S. Fire Administration- fire prevention Consumer Products Safety Commission Food and Drug Administration National Guard Homeland Security Environmental Protection Agency