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Slide 1
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+ HOW TO READ A MAP . LIKE A PRO
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+
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+ 1. IDENTIFY THE BASICS
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+ Grid The pattern of lines that circle the globe in East-West
and North-South directions
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+ Degrees Measures the distances on the grid from the Equator
(the x- axis) or the distance of meridians from the Prime Meridian
(the y- axis)
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+ Latitude Imaginary East- West horizontal lines in the grid
measuring the distance north and south of the equator
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+ Parallels lines of latitude; always parallel to the
equator
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+ Equator Imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between
the North and South Poles
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+ Longitude Imaginary North-South, Vertical lines that pass
through the poles. They measure distance east and west of the prime
meridian
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+ Meridians Lines of longitude that measure East to West of the
Prime Meridian
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+ Prime meridian Imaginary line that represents 0
longitude
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+ Hemispheres: The equator divides the globe into two halves,
Northern and Southern Hemispheres the prime meridian divides the
globe into two halves, eastern and western hemispheres
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+ Continents (7) & Major bodies of water Find the
continents- Australia Africa Asia Europe North America South
America Antarctica Bodies of Water Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
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+ Compass Rose A compass that has arrows that point to all four
principal directions Find your directions and you can orient
yourself on the map
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+ Legend (KEY) explains what the symbols on the map
represent
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+ Test your knowledge! Map Activity (See if you can identify
the basics)
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+ 2. IDENTIFY WHERE THE MAP LIES
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+ SCALE, SIZE & SHAPE Maps are a 2-dimensional graphical
representation of the surface of a 3- dimensional, spherical earth
in other words Maps try to make our earth (which is a sphere) look
like a flat rectangle.
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+ Scale The Distance between continents and latitude/longitude
lines.
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+ Size The actual area or square miles of a continent or
place.
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+ Shape The outline or format of what a country, continent,
city, etc. looks like.
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+ MAP PROJECTIONS 3 ways to map the Earth 1.Planar 2.Conic
3.Cylindrical
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+ Planar Projection Project the Earth onto a plane that
touchesthe globe at a single point, and you get a planar
projection. Because this projection, Also known as an azimuthal
projection, is most accurate at its center, it is often used for
maps focusing on one of the Poles.
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+ Conic Put a cone on the globe to make a conic projection. Cut
open the cone, and the basis of a map emerges. The map will be
least distorted along the line where the cone touches the
sphere.
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+ Cylindrical Projection Wrap the globe in a paper to form a
cylinder. Cut the cylinder and flatten it into a map. This
projection is most accurate near the Equator and greatly distorted
near the Poles (Greenland/Africa problems)
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+ Advantages/Disadvantages
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+ Mercator
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+
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+ Peters Projection
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+ Robinson
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+ Bottom Line All map projections have benefits and drawbacks,
you will need to recognize these problems to determine the real
perspective of the earth.
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+ 3. IDENTIFY THE MAPS PURPOSE
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+ Types of Maps Maps have a purpose. They can be Political
Physical Thematic Maps can have more than one purpose
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1. Political Maps Show boundaries between countries, states,
and cities.
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2. Physical Maps Show natural features like elevation or
mountains and rivers Types of Physical maps : Topographic Raised
Relief/Elevation
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3. Thematic Maps Show a single focus such as roads, natural
resources, or precipitation Types: Choropleth (color shades)
Pictograph
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+
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+ 4. IDENTIFY WHAT ELSE the MAP IS SAYING
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+ What is the map NOT telling you? Make inferences on what the
purpose of the map could also tell you. Maps sometimes
over-simplify major ideas (so theyre easier to read), so they cut
out other information.