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Slide 1
Slide 2
Home
Slide 3
"Do not misunderstand me [and] my affection for the land. I
never said the land was mine to do with as I chose. The one who has
the right to dispose of it is the one who has created it. I claim a
right to live on my land, and accord you the privilege to live on
yours. The earth is the mother of all people and all people should
have equal rights upon it. You might as well expect the rivers to
run backward as that any man who was born a free man should be
contented when penned up and denied liberty to go where he
pleases..." Chief Joseph Chief Joseph Quotation
Slide 4
Contact and Conflict Difference in values For Native Americans,
community means more than the individual. Wealth is spread equally
Decision making made by tribe not one person. There is not private
property. People do not own the land.
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Slide 6
Allotment Period In 1871 U.S. Government states Native American
tribal groups are no longer independent nations
Slide 7
General Allotment Act (Dawes Act) Passed in 1887 Gave natives
land to civilize them as farmers & ranchers Divided
reservations & reduced amount of land controlled by natives
Senator Henry Dawes
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Dawes Act
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Dawes General Allotment Act Dawes Act: Aimed to end the
reservation system by implementing an allotment system. Divided
reservations into 160 acre homesteads for farming. Federal
government held the land in trust for 25 years. Native Americans
would gain American citizenship for giving up tribal status.
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Allotment Period Worked to assimilate natives into American
society: Practice of traditional spiritual ceremonies forbidden
Children sent to day & boarding schools
Slide 11
React to these two pictures: Are they the same person? Is one
more acceptable, why? How would you feel if you were asked to
change who you are?
Slide 12
In the White Mans Image Group of Omaha boys in cadet uniforms,
Carlisle Indian School, Pennsylvania, 1880.
Slide 13
In 1875, Captain Richard Pratt escorted 72 Indian warriors
suspected of murdering white settlers to Fort Marion in St.
Augustine, Florida. Once there, Pratt began an ambitious experiment
which involved teaching the Indians to read and write English,
putting them in uniforms, and drilling them like soldiers. "Kill
the Indian and save the man," was Pratt's motto.
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Carlisle School
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A Cultural Experiment News of Pratt's experiment spread. With
the blessing of Congress, Pratt expanded his program by
establishing the Carlisle School for Indian Students to continue
his "civilizing" mission.
Slide 16
Apache children on arrival at the Carlisle Indian School
(Pennsylvania) wearing traditional clothing.
Slide 17
Apache children at the Carlisle School four months later.
Slide 18
Cheyenne woman named Woxie Haury in ceremonial dress, and, in
wedding portrait with husband. Two studio portraits; on left she
poses with her hair down, in a beaded & fringed dress,
necklace, and beaded moccasins. On right she wears a western-style
wedding dress
Slide 19
Before and After
Slide 20
Learning finger songs at Carlisle Indian School, ca. 1900.
Frances Benjamin Johnston photo
Slide 21
Response to Allotment: Sitting Bull Proud Lakota Chief Led
Sioux in resistance to U.S. Government policies designed to strip
his people of their identity, their dignity and their sacred land
-- the gold-laden Black Hills of the Dakotas
Slide 22
Hope rose for the Sioux in the form of the prophet Wovoka
(Studi) and the Ghost Dance a messianic movement that promised an
end of their suffering under the white man. This hope is all but
obliterated after the killing of Sitting Bull and.
Slide 23
Massacre at Wounded Knee (1890) Following the death of Sitting
Bull, U.S. cavalry tried to arrest his followers While surrendering
and handing over weapons, a shot rang out=soldiers opened fire
Killed more than 200 unarmed Sioux, including around 70 women &
children
Slide 24
Results of the Dawes Act 1928 Meriam Report: 1. Allotment was a
dismal failure. 2. Huge loss of NA land holdings. (98 million acres
in 40 years) 3. Created huge Indian bureaucracy. 4. Furthered
issues of poverty
Slide 25
Split up into groups of 3 or 4. Your group will be assigned to
read and answer questions from one of the following: Dawes Act of
1887 Reporter Helen Hunt Jacksons A Century of Dishonor in 1881.
President Chester Arthurs Viewpoint from 1897. We will come
together as a group and answer the questions Finally, we will
answer the Discussion Questions on the back page. Dawes Act