Goal- Re-admit CSA states into the Union How does this happen?

Goal- Re-admit CSA states into the Union

How does this happen?

Reconstruction1865-1877

◦ A. Lincoln At least 10% of the state’s

population signed an oath of loyalty to the Union, then… New state government

could be formed New state constitution must

ban slavery

◦ Does not punish South◦ Amnesty offered

White southerners Swear loyalty to Union Excludes Confederate

leaders

10% PlanGoal: Heal Nation Quickly

Why would Lincoln hesitate to punish the South after the War?

Linco

ln wants

the South

..

There ar

e too m

any Con...

He fe

els th

e devastation ..

He fe

lt punish

ment wou..

25% 25%25%25%1. Lincoln wants the South to

feel welcomed back into the Union.

2. There are too many Confederate leaders to prosecute.

3. He feels the devastation of the war in the South was enough punishment.

4. He felt punishment would delay reunification of the country.

Thaddeus Stevens◦ Denied legislative seats to any state re-admitted

under 10% Plan Wade-Davis Bill

◦ Majority of state’s males had to swear loyalty◦ White males who fought against Union could not

vote for state delegates to new constitution convention

◦ Ban slavery in new states◦ Former Confederates could not hold public office◦ Lincoln refused to sign this bill

Radical Republicans

A Johnson◦ Grants amnesty to Southerners

Loyalty Oath High-ranking Confederate

leaders could be pardoned Requires an appeal to the

President Considered humiliating

◦ States had to: Renounce secession Ban slavery Ratify 13th amendment- banned

slavery

Restoration Plan

Amnesty is a pardon granted that excuses past bad behavior. Should Confederate leaders have been offered amnesty?

No, p

eople should alw

ay...

Yes, so

metimes amnesty

...

It doesn

’t se

em right s

in..

33% 33%33%1. No, people should

always suffer the consequences of their choices.

2. Yes, sometimes amnesty can prevent further problems.

3. It doesn’t seem right since these guys caused so many deaths.

Called for creation of new governments in Southern states

Tennessee excluded◦ Had rejoined the Union in1866◦ State govt had already complied with

requirements for readmission South divided into 5 Military Districts Second Reconstruction Act

◦ Military commanders Register voters Prepare for state constitution conventions

First Reconstruction Act- 1867

What is the primary goal of Reconstruction?

1. To pre

vent Confederat

...

2. To punish

the South

f..

To bring t

he South

ern st

...

To get a

Loya

lty O

ath fr

..

25% 25%25%25%1. To prevent Confederate leaders from being elected again.

2. To punish the South for seceding.

3. To bring the Southern states back into the Union.

4. To get a Loyalty Oath from all Southerners.

Southern whites opposed expansion of Af. Am. Rights◦ Landowners refused to rent

land to freedman◦ Store owners refused credit◦ KKK increased in visibility

Broad public support in South Violence directed at Af. Am. Legal recourse difficult

Whites refused to testify

Resistance to Reconstruction

How do white supremesist groups like the KKK gain in popularity?

People feel p

owerless

a..

People are angry

and th..

People honestly b

elieve...

33% 33%33%1. People feel powerless

and search for a group that is powerful.

2. People are angry and that group gives them an outlet for anger.

3. People honestly believe they are better than other people.

Freedman’s Bureau

1. Assistance for newly freed slaves

1. Food, clothing, medical services

2. Acquire land3. Find work/wages4. Education

1. Local schools2. Colleges

1. Atlanta University2. Howard University3. Fisk University

What two long term factors would help make newly freed slaves most successful in this major life change? 33% 33%33%

1. Money and food2. Education and land3. Entertainment and

housing

African American Rights

1. Memphis Riot- 18661. Freedmen targeted by white mob2. Goal- create fear in black community

2. Reinforced Northern fears1. Felt Johnson’s plan was too easy for South2. Congress refuses to seat new Southern delegates

3. Black Codes1. Suppressed local rights of freedmen

1. Couldn’t own land in some communities2. Arrest/fine unemployed freedmen in some

communities

Think of one example where violence occurred because people were afraid. It can be a personal experience, something from the news, or something from history.

Turn to your partner and explain the circumstance.

Fear is a common motivator for violence.

Full citizenship to African Americans Fed govt can intervene in states to protect

Af-Am rights Overturns Black Codes Overturns Dred Scott decision Vetoed by Andrew Johnson

◦ Johnson says that fed govt overstepped its authority

◦ Unconstitutional because the Southern states are not represented in vote

Congress overrides veto

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Why is full citizenship so important?

It give

s a perso

n legal p

r...

It pro

ves equality

.

It fo

rces f

air tre

atment.

33% 33%33%

1. It gives a person legal protections.

2. It proves equality.3. It forces fair

treatment.

13- Banned Slavery anywhere in US 14- Full citizenship to anyone born in US

◦ Due process of law to ALL citizens◦ Equal protection of law to ALL citizens◦ Excluded Native Americans from citizenship◦ Excluded Confederate leaders from holding

national office- unless pardoned by Congress 15- All citizens have the right to vote

13-14-15 Amendments

Participation as a citizen…

The 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments guarantee basic rights to newly freed slaves. Which of these three rights would be most important to you?

33% 33%33%1. No more slavery2. Full citizenship in

United States3. Voting rights

African Americans◦ Voted for Republicans Lincoln’s party)◦ Elected to state and federal government positions

Whites◦ Scalawags

Southern whites who supported Republicans◦ Carpetbaggers

Northern whites who moved to South after War Perceived as taking advantage of the South in time of

need Included genuine reformers

Changes in the South

African American Representatives

Why would white people in the South be upset by their neighbors voting Republican?

They did not feel re

pres...

Linco

ln was a

Republican.

50%50%

1. They did not feel represented by the Republican Party.

2. Lincoln was a Republican.

Education system segregated◦ Freedmans Bureau establishes Af. Am. Schools◦ Northerners migrated south to fill teacher needs in

new schools◦ Mission schools- higher education

Eventually became major universities segregated Fisk University; Morehouse College

◦ 50% of white kids enrolled in school◦ 40% of Af. Am. Kids enrolled in school◦ Few states required integrated education

Attempt to own land◦ Difficult for Af. Am. to purchase land◦ Sharecropping- renting land

Education and Farming

Congress restricts presidential power◦ Tenure of Office Act

Senate needs to approve decisions to remove govt officials from power Includes president’s own cabinet members

◦ Johnson challenges law Suspends Secretary of War w/out Senate approval

During congressional recess Congress reconvenes- refuses to approve suspension Johnson removes Sec or War from office anyway

Violates Tenure law

◦ House votes to impeach Johnson◦ Senate fails to convict (didn’t get 2/3 vote)◦ Johnson stays in office

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

War Hero Republican Most Southern African

Americans voted for him Wins 1868 election for

presidency◦ Broad public support for

Reconstruction

Ulysses S. Grant

Besides Andrew Johnson, which president had misconduct when he was president, was impeached by the House but not removed from office?

25% 25%25%25%

1. Ronald Reagan2. Jimmy Carter3. George W. Bush4. Bill Clinton