Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to
breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send
these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the
golden door! Bell-work: Read the poem by Lazarus 1. Who was this
poem meant to appeal to? 2. Would the nickname Mother of Exiles be
appropriate for the Statue of Liberty? 3. Summarize the poem in
your own words. Slide 2 Slide 3 Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 Before the
Civil War manufacturing centered in the countryside By the end of
the 19 th century, 90% of all manufacturing took place in the
cities. New immigrants Why did they immigrate? Slide 7 The
population of cities grew at double the rate of the nations
population as a whole. New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, St. Louis,
Boston and Baltimore were the nations largest cities. Movement from
the South and farms.why? What is the difference between immigrants
and migrants? Immigrants and their children were the major source
of urban population growth. Slide 8 What is the difference between
the first wave of immigrants before the Civil War and the new
immigrants? -Skilled vs. Unskilled labor -Settled in countryside
vs. Settled in cities Chicago Germans New York Italians Boston
Irish (most numerous among the new immigrants) Slide 9 Immigrants
came to the city for expanding opportunities for employment. Jews
had the most experience with urban life. Rural European immigrants
Continued mobility Slide 10 We know that people swelled population
in the cities, but how did they live? Urban landscape Tenements By
1890, New Yorks Lower East Side crammed more than 700 per acre into
back to back buildings. Slide 11 Slide 12 Concept! What is an
ethnic enclave? An ethnic community which retains some cultural
distinction. Slide 13 New styles of commercial and civil
architecture were established. Architects played a key role in the
late 19 th century City Beautiful movement. Influenced by American
wealth New schools, sport amphitheatres, court houses, capital
buildings, hospitals, ect. Who helped pay for these? Central YMCA,
Chicago 1891- Jenney Slide 14 Slide 15 What disparities can you
already identify in American cities between American wealth and the
urban working population? Slide 16 Industrialization vs.
environmentalism :Who always wins this one? Mass transportation
Sewer systems Pollution Biggest danger facing the urban population?
-Fires! Contagious diseases Public health reform efforts wouldnt
take place until the turn of the century Slide 17 Slide 18 Attempts
to transplant communities from Old World Modification of old
attitudes and customs Younger generations adapt Clash between old
and young generations Influence on religion -Predominance of
Protestant religions before newcomers -Influx of Catholics and Jews
-Attempts to convert newcomers Slide 19 Immigrants as innovative
entrepreneurs helped to shape popular culture German immigrants Tin
Pan Ally African Americans Ragtime Chicago Coney Island Slide 20
Close to 60% of the industrial labor force was foreign-born. Had
links to the America Hemispheric migration Slide 21 Immigrant
communities took the form of densely packed ghettos. NY became the
center of both Jewish immigration and Americas huge ready to wear
clothing industry. Piece-rate Garment industry was highly seasonal.
A typical workweek averaging 60 hours or 70 during busy season.
Slide 22 Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire Think about how events
like these might lead to reform movements during the Progressive
Era. Where are we headed? Slide 23 Create a journal / diary entry
for the following events: You are a new immigrant to the US in the
1890s, reflect on your: Experiences in your journey to the US
Emotions upon sailing into NY harbor Experiences in your processing
on Ellis Island Your emotions and experiences upon leaving
processing and going into the city. Bear in mind the reasons that
prompted your journey and the family / friends you left behind.