فقه الحجّ Fiqh of Hajj The Ultimate Bailout Plan.

فقه الحج�Fiqh of Hajj

The Ultimate Bailout Plan

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ع�ن� ال�ع�ال�م�ين�Introduction to

Hajj

Definition of Hajj

• Linguistic – to intend to travel to a place of great honor

• Islamic - to intend to travel to the House of Allah and perform specific rites and rituals during specified times at specified places

Manasik

• Manasik which is the plural of ‘mansak’ or ‘mansik’ which means ‘worship’ or time or place of worship. It can also mean sacrifice of animals or the place or time animals are sacrificed.

• In Shariah, it refers to the rites and rituals of Hajj.

When was Hajj obligated?• 11 opinions have been stated out of which:

– 2 are weak: before Hijrah and 10th year of Hijrah – 2 opinions are well-known and accepted: 6th year and

9th year of Hijrah• Ayni has stated opinions varying from the 5th

year of Hijrah all the way to the 10th , without giving preference to any.

• Qastalani states that the opinion of the majority is that it was mandated in the 6th year because that is when the verse; “ والعمرة الحج أتموا و was revealed. This is also the opinion of ”... للهHafidh Ibn Hajar in Fathul-Bari.

• Shami has resolved that it was the 9th year of Hijrah, and this is also the opinion of Ibn Qayyim, Qadhi Ayadh, Qurtubi, etc.

History of the Hajj

• In the 9th year after Hijrah the Prophet (pbuh) deputed Abu Bakr (ra) to lead the believers in Hajj

• Ali (ra) was sent to make proclamations about purifying the Haram

• This served as a preparation for the great and farewell pilgrimage.

• In 10 A.H. the Prophet (pbuh) performed Hajj, in what is called Hajjatul-Wida’

Why did the Messenger of Allah delay the Hajj till the 10th year of Hijrah?

• Makkah under non-Muslim control

• Nasi – distortion of lunar calendar by the Arabs

• Presence of Mushrikoon and their corrupt practices

• Not obligated till after Hajj in 9th year

Hajj is Obligatory with the Following Conditions

• Muslim• Free • Sound state of mind• Adult• Healthy• Possession of extra wealth that suffices for

transportation, provisions, and maintenance of one’s family or other financial obligations till return

• Women require a Mahram

Hajj mandatory immediately or with delay?

• Imam Abu Hanifah, Ahmad, Malik, and Abu Yusuf: Immediately, otherwise one will be sinful. They use the Hadith: فليتعجل ا أراد من لحج (Abu Dawud)

• Imam Shafi and Imam Muhammad: With delay as long as it is not neglected totally, therefore one will not be sinful by delaying it. But if he dies before performing it, he will be sinful. Their evidence is the fact that the Messenger of Allah salla Allah alaihi wa sallam delayed it till the 10th year of Hijrah.

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+ه* *ل لHajj – Step by

Step

HOW TO PERFORM HAJJ AT-TAMATTU’

• Umrah will be performed first

• In order to do so a person must enter into Ihraam

The Mawaqit

• The mawaqit which it is not permissible for a person to pass except in the state of ihram are: – for the people of Madinah : Dhu’l-Hulayfah, – for the people of `Iraq : Dhatu-`Irq, – for the people of the Levant (al-Sham) : al-Juhfah, – for the people of Najd : Qarn al-Manazil, – for the people of Yemen : Yalamlam.

• If one entered ihram before these mawaqit, it is valid.

• The miqat of one whose dwelling-place is after the mawaqit, is al-Hill .

• The miqat of one who is in Makkah is the Haram for hajj and al-Hill for `umrah.

ENTERING INTO IHRAAM

• Clip the nails and remove the under-arm and pubic hair. (sunnah)

• Take bath. If this is not possible then, perform wudhu (sunnah)

• Put on the two sheets of cloth. (fardh)

ENTERING INTO IHRAAM(Cont’d)

4. Use Itar (perfume) without leaving any visible signs of its existence on the sheets of Ihraam. (sunnah)

5. Perform 2 rakaats of Ihraam, with the head and shoulders covered. Recite in the 1st rakaat Sura Al-Kafiroon’ and in 2nd rakaat Al-Ikhlas. (mustahab)

6. Males should remove their head cover and not cover the head until free from Ihraam. (fardh)

7. Make intention for Umrah only and not Hajj.

ENTERING INTO IHRAAM(Cont’d)

8. Recite the following Talbiyah three times, audibly for males and in a low voice for females.

Labbayk Allahumma labbayk. Labbayk la shareeka laka labbayk. Innal hamda wan ni’mata laka wal

mulk la shareeka lak. I am present. O Allah I am present. You have no partner, I

am present. Indeed all praise and bounty is for You and the entire universe. You have no partner.

9. Remember that from now onwards you are in the state of Ihraam and all restrictions of Ihraam apply.

The Talbiyah for Hajj & Umrah

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Forbidden Deeds during Ihram - Men

• rafath (physical or verbal intimacy with ones spouse),

• fusuq (sins) and

• jidal (argument).

• He should not kill game, nor point it out, nor direct to it.

• He should not wear a shirt, nor pants, nor a turban, nor a cap, nor a gown.

• No shoes that cover the entire feet and no socks

Forbidden Deeds during Ihram – Men

• Wearing sewn garments• He should not cover his head, nor his face.• He should not apply perfume.• He should not wash his hair or beard with

shampoo• He should not shave his head, nor his body

hair, nor cut [anything from] his beard, nor [cut] his nails.

• He should not wear a garment died with wirs , saffron or safflower, unless it has been washed and does not exude fragrance.

Forbidden Deeds during Ihram – Women

• Using perfume

• Covering the face

• Wearing gloves

Permissible Deeds during Ihram

• performing ghusl

• entering a bath-house

• taking shade under a house, or a canopy

• Wearing glasses or a watch

• Tying a belt around his waist to carry money.

• Women may wear sewn clothing, shoes, and should cover their head

ARRIVING AT JEDDAH1. Proceed to Makkah.

2. Arrange to put belongings at a safe place, hotel, etc.

3. Take a rest if required and fix a time for Umrah.

4. If you take a shower then remember not to use scented soap.

5. Remember the location of your hotel.

TAWAF1. Enter Masjid Al-Haram, preferably from Babus

Salaam with wudhu making intention of I’tikaaf2. Stop reciting Talbiyah and make intention for

Tawaaf of Umrah whilst standing on the black line, facing Hajrul Aswad.

1 Recite: Bismillahi Wa Allahu akbar and raise the hands and let them fall, in the way Takbeer Tahrima is done in Salaah. This is done only at the beginning of the first round of a Tawaaf and not in every round. Thereafter, do Istilaam, by raising the hands with the palms facing the approximate height of Hajrul Aswad. Recite Bismillahi wa Allahu akbar and kiss your hands. (sunnah)

Hateem / Hajr Ismail

Tawaf4. Proceed with the Tawaaf and do Istilaam in

every round. Perform Raml (sunnah) in the first 3 rounds and Idhtiba’ (sunnah) in all seven rounds.

5. After Tawaaf, perform two rakaats Sunnah of Tawaaf preferably at Maqaam Ibraahim. (Due to overcrowding, do not push to pray there but pray elsewhere in Haram).

7. Before going for Sa’y make (the ninth) Istilaam of the Hajrul Aswad. (sunnah)

Every Tawaf followed by sa’y will be performed with Idhtiba’ and Ramal

The Black Stone & Maqam Ibrahim

Sa’y1. Proceed to Safaa to begin sa’y

2. Stand on the crop of the mount from where Ka’bah is visible, make dua. (sunnah)

3. Do not do Istilaam, as is commonly done at these points.

Sa’y4. Proceed to Marwah

• Safaa to Marwah is one round and back to Marwah from Safaa is two rounds. Continue seven rounds in this manner.

5. Males should lightly jog between the green lights and not the women. (mustahab)

Sa’y

Halaq/Qasr6. Males must shave or cut the hair

within the boundaries of Haram. (fardh)• If cutting (qasr), at least one inch of all

the hair must be cut. (fardh)• Females must trim approximately one

inch from the end of their hair plaits. (fardh)

You have now completed Umrah and you are out of Ihraam.

8th Dhul Hijjah (Yawm At-Tarwiyah)

Before Fajr Salaah1. Make ghusl (Sunnah), pray two rakaats

(Sunnah) and wear the sheets of Ihraam (fardh).

2. Recite Talbiyah making intention of Hajj only (wajib)

8th Dhul Hijjah (Yawm At-Tarwiyah)

4. Leave for Mina (sunnah) after sunrise. (But nowadays due to the vast number of pilgrims, the guides start to locate everyone to their tents in Mina starting from late after Isha, buses carry on arriving in Mina throughout the entire night).

5. Fajr. (If you arrive early in Mina).

6. Zuhr, Asar, Maghrib, Esha.

Camps at Mina

9th of Dhul-Hijjah (Yawm Al-Arafah)

In Mina1. Fajr. 2. Leave for Arafat after sunrise.

In Arafat3. Dhuhr and Asr will be prayed together 4. Cannot leave Arafah before sunset.5. Leave for Muzdalifah after sunset without praying Maghrib.

In Muzdalifah6. Pray Maghrib and Isha at Isha time.7. Collect 70 pebbles at Muzdalifah and a few extra. 8. Stay overnight in Muzdalifah (Sunnah until Subh Sadiq).

ARAFAH

Night in Muzdalifa

10th Dhul-Hijjah

In Muzdalifa1. Pray Fajr and leave for Mina a little before sunrise.

In Mina1. Ramy (Wajib) of the Big Jamarah. Masnoon time is from

sunrise till zawal. It is permissible after zawal until Maghrib and also after Maghrib until subh sadiq in necessity

2. Stop recital of Talbiyah after pelting the first pebble.3. Sacrifice (Wajib).4. Shave or trim the hair (wajib)5. Now you are free from the restrictions of Ihraam and can

dress into normal sewn clothes and the head can be covered but sexual relations between the husband and wife are not permissible.

7. Leave for Makkah

The New Jamaraat Site

Muzdalifah

10th of Dhul-Hijjah

In Makkah8. Tawaaf of Ziyaarah (Fardh) with Raml

(sunnah). Do Idhtiba (sunnah) as well if you are still wearing the clothes of ihram.

9. Menstruating women should delay Tawaaf Ziyaarah until clean.

10. Perform Sa’y (wajib) as mentioned under Umrah

10. Now even sexual relations are permissible.11. Return to Mina.

10th of Dhul-Hijjah

Back to Mina12. It is Sunnah to spend the night in Mina.

Perform all Salahs on time. No other rite.

One may also spend the night in Makkah

Similarly the night of 11th and 12th Dhul-Hijjah may also be spent at Makkah

Mina at Night

11th of Dhul-Hijjah in Mina

1. Ramy (pelting) of all three Jamarat (wajib) after zawal - sequence small to big.

2. Sunnah until Maghrib and ok until Subh Sadiq if necessity.

3. Mustahab to make Dua after pelting the small and middle Jamarat.

4. All Salat on time

12th of Dhul-Hijjah in Mina

1. Ramy of all three Jamarat (wajib) after zawal - sequence small to big.

2. Sunnah until Maghrib and ok until Subh Sadiq in necessity.

3. Mustahab to make Dua after pelting the small and middle Jamarat.

4. You may leave for Makkah before sunset or else it is also ok to leave after sunset. If one stays in Mina until Subh Sadiq then the ramy of the jamarat as mentioned above will be wajib on the 13th Dhul-Hijjah as well.

5. Perform Tawaaf Al-Widaa (Wajib) before departing Makkah.

HAJJ COMPLETED

Must Be Done…Fara’idh or Wajibat

1. Ihram for Umrah 2. Tawaaf for Umrah 3. Sa’y for Umrah 4. Shaving or trimming of the hair for

completion of Umra5. To reenter Ihram for Hajj on the8th of Dhul Hijjah6. Wuqoof at Arafat

Must Be Done…Fara’idh or Wajibat

7. Wuqoof at Muzdalifah 8. Rami at Jamratul Aqabah9. Sacrifice 10. Shaving or trimming of the hair11. Tawaaf Ziyaarah 12. Sa’y for Hajj 13. Ramyul Jimaar 14. Tawaaf Widaa

Sunan of HajjSunan of Hajj

sunnasunnasunnasunna3. Perfume for ihram

SunnasunnawajibCond.5. Intention for Tawaf

Cond.Cond.wajibwajib6. Start from Hajar Aswad

sunnasunnasunnasunna2. Bath for ihram

sunnasunnawajibwajib1. Recital of talbiyah adjacent to ihram

AhmadShafiMalikiHanafiAct

Sunan of Hajj

condcondcondwajib11. Around Hatim

Condcondcondsunna10. Clean body, clothes & place

Condcondcondwajib9. Free from both hadath

Condsunnawajibwajib8. Walking for the abled

CondcondCond.wajib7. Walking counter clockwise

AhmadShafiMalikiHanafiAct

Sunan of Hajj

sunnasunnasunnasunna17. Jog between green mile lights

Sunnasunnasunna14. Idhtiba’

sunnasunnasunnasunna13. Ramal

sunnasunnasunnasunna12. Istilam

AhmadShafiMalikiHanafiAct

Condcondcondwajib16. Intention for sa’y

Sunnasunnawajibwajib15. 2 Rakat tawaf

Sunan of Hajj

sunnasunnasunnasunna18. Dua at Safa & Marwa

sunnasunnasunnasunna19. Spend night in Mina night of Arafa

SunnasunnasunnaWajib/sunna

21. Sequence between ramy, dhabh & halq

Sunnasunnasunnawajib20. Combine Maghrib & Isha at Muzdalifa

AhmadShafiMalikiHanafiAct

wajibsunnawajibsunna22. Not to delay ramy till night

Sunan of Hajj

Wajibwajibprefwajib26. Tawaf wida’

sunnasunnawajibsunna25. Delay of ifadha till after ramy of aqaba

Wajibwajibwajibsunna24. Sequence between jamarat

wajibwajibwajibsunna23. To spend night at Mina 10, 11, 12

AhmadShafiMalikiHanafiAct

sunnasunnasunnasunna27. Khutbah for imam 7th, 9th & 11th

فقه العمرةFiqh of Umrah

The 4 Pillars of Umrah

1. Ihram

2. Tawaf

3. Sa’y

4. Halaq/Qasr

Umrah in Ramadan

• Ibn `Abbâs relates that Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him) asked a woman from Madinah: “What prevented you from embarking on the Hajj pilgrimage with us?”

She replied: “We had two camels. My husband and child took one and left the other for the rest of us to ride on.”

The Prophet (peace be upon him) then told her: “When the month or Ramadan arrives, go for ‘umrah, because `umrah in Ramadan is like accompanying me on Hajj.” [Sahîh al-Bukhârî]

Visiting Madinah

It is Recommended to Visit Madinah

• The Prophet’s Mosque is one of the 3 most sacred places on earth:– Kabah– Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah– Masjid al-Aqsa

Etiquette of Visiting Madinah

• A person should first go the Masjid and pray, preferably in the Rawdhah – the Prophet (pbuh) has explained this to be the area between his house and pulpit

• Then he should approach the grave of the Prophet (pbuh) and give greetings to the Prophet (pbuh), Abu Bakr (ra), and Umar (ra).

Etiquette of Visiting Madinah

• A person should be well dressed and perfumed

• He should not raise his voice and be loud

• He should not indulge in inappropriate acts such as wiping hands on the gate, kissing things, etc.

• When making Dua he should make sure to face the Qiblah

Hajj/Umrah vs. Debt

• If the indebted has time to repay the debt or it is a large amount, then it is permissible for that person to go for Hajj/Umrah

• If a person has to choose between Hajj/Umrah and paying off a debt, then he should give preference to the debt.

• It is not permissible to take a loan to do Hajj/Umrah (Hadith)

Hajj/Umrah on Behalf of Someone Else

• It is permissible to do Hajj/Umrah on behalf of someone else in the following circumstances:– For a living person physically unable, however

the substitute should have performed Hajj before

– For a deceased person:• Some scholars say the deceased should have

willed it• Some scholars hold the opinion that the expenses

must be from the wealth left by the deceased