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摘要:代际传承是家族企业可持续成长的关键。然而,二代继承人往往因为权威合法性
不足面临着“少主难以服众”的尴尬局面。针对上述现象,本文从权威理论和比较期望理论
出发分析二代继任的权威合法性不足的问题。这一研究从过去主要关注家族企业传承什么
和如何传承的问题,转向对代际传承与组合创业的关系及其微观机理的研究。本文的基本
假设是,二代继承者一个可能的选择不是简单地继承父业,而是“另创领地”进入其他行业或
领域,这一组合创业是其面对自身权威合法性不足以及比较期望过高的不利环境时,构建个
人权威和显示其能力合法性的战略选择。同时,制度环境作为改变比较期望的参考框架,也
会影响二代进行组合创业的倾向。这一研究模型将家族传承、权威合法性与组合创业理论
有机地结合起来,拓展和深化了家族企业代际创业与传承的研究。运用我国上市家族企业
的数据,本文分析检验了上述理论命题,给出了稳健性较好的实证支持,对我国家族企业二
代传承与组合创业的关系给出了一个制度情境依赖的解释。
关键词:家族企业 组合创业 二代继任 权威合法性 制度环境
一、问题的提出
自我国实施改革开放政策以来,私营企业在意识形态和制度上逐步获得生存和发展的
合法性,随着经济的高速增长,其在国民总产值、就业、出口、税收等方面已占有不可或缺的
重要地位。这其中,大多是家族控制的企业。近年来,随着第一代创业者逐渐年近花甲,全
国性的家族企业“接班”时代已经到来(《中国家族企业发展报告》,2011)。能否顺利传承是
关系到成千上万家族企业生死存亡的大事,也会从整体上影响我国宏观经济的发展(范博
宏、马新莉,2012)。《福布斯(中文版)》2013年发布的统计数据也显示,在A股上市的 711个
家族企业中,36.4%的企业有一二代①同时任职的现象。其中,16.99%的企业已由二代接管,
并且随着经济的转型升级,二代接班的步伐正逐渐加快。
然而,来自世界各地大量的经验表明,二代继承之路常常是荆棘密布的。一方面,虽然
年轻的一辈往往比父辈有更高的学历和国际视野,但自身的权威合法性不足,面临着“少主
难以服众”的尴尬局面。另一方面,一代创业者已经打下了自己的“一片江山”,创下的业绩
和荣誉成为二代在短期内难以超越的比较期望参照点。在接班的过程中,二代如何克服自
身合法性不足和组织内比较期望过高的不利影响,树立其权威合法性?这是一个在理论和
实践中值得探讨的问题。
组合创业理论(Sieger et al.,2011)为家族企业二代继承研究提供了指引:二代作为家族企
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BRIFE COMMENTARIESThe Relationship between China and ASEAN, and the Integration in Trade: A Theoretic Model and a Measuring CaseStudy ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Ma Changgang
A Commentary on the Theory Progress and Key Problems of Household Asset Allocation Based on Financial Decision-Making Framework …………………………………………………………………Wang Zhizheng and other writers
The Coordinated Management: A New Exploration into the Management Model of the Conflict in Policies……Ye Dafeng
The Obstacles, in Interests, of the Interregional Ecological Civilization Construction and the Surmounting of these Ob⁃stacles ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Dai Shengli
A Study, in the Perspective of the Management of the Natural Risks, on the Model of the City Elastic Communities…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Zhang Hui
A Trans- Layer Study on the Change in the Regional Investment Structure of the Listed Family Firms……………………………………………………………………………………………… Jing Xiuli and Wang Xiao
A Model of the Plan of the Employees’Help that Promotes the New Generation of Peasant-workers Integrating them⁃selves with the Urban Community …………………………………………………………… Zhang Hongru and Li Qun
An Essential-Factor Study, Based on the Analysis of the Main Composition, on the Impact of the Effect Rate of theKnowledge Transfer of the Innovation Team of the Students of Colleges and Universities ………… Lu Li and Guo Yong
Our Thought on the Tactics of the Cultivation of the Talent in Firms……………Wu Jing, Cao Xiaojun and Ling Zishan
The ABSTRACT OF SELECTED ARTICLES
The Industrial Heterogeneity, the Industrial Structure, and the Provincial Growth Convergence in ChinaDai Mi and Mao Rui
In this paper, we have studied the characteristics of the heterogeneity of the economic convergence in China’s dif⁃ferent departments, and studied the impact of the industrial structure on the economic convergence across Chinese prov⁃inces. The study made before has generally found that the absolute convergence does not exist between provinces. Inthis article, we have pointed out that this conclusion as a whole has neglected the great difference in the nature of theconvergence in different industries. We have discovered that, different from the GDP per capita, the labor productivityin China’s industrial departments has showed the steady absolute convergence characteristics. The convergence in theindustrial departments has not led to the convergence in the whole economy, because (1) there does not exist conver⁃gence in the labor productivity in non-industrial departments. (2) the degree of the industrialization in various provinc⁃es has been unbalanced. The industrial proportion in backward provinces is relatively small, which led to the drivingfunction of the industrial productivity rate is small. By the counterfactual analyses we have discovered that, if the indus⁃trial gap between all provinces is narrowed, the GDP per capita will show obvious convergence. The conclusion madein this article shows that the industrial structure has played an important role in explaining the problem of the econom⁃ic convergence in China, and that the optimization of the industrial structure in the backward area and promoting theprocess of industrialization in the backward area is helpful to narrowing the gap of the economic growth between Chi⁃na's regions.
Is it Succession of the Family Business or Creating Other Field?: The Construction of the AuthorityLegitimacy of the Second Generation Succession of the Family Business
Li Xinchun, Han Jian and Li Weiwen
The intergenerational succession is the key to the sustainable development of the family business (FB). However,often due to inadequate authority legitimacy, the successor of the second generation (SOTSG) has faced the embarrass⁃ment that“the young lords can hardly let others be convinced”. In response to the above phenomena, we have, in thispaper, analyzed the problem of the inadequate legitimacy of the authority of the second generation, on the basis of theauthority theory and the comparative expectation theory. This research has shifted its focus from the content and the
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MANAGEMENT WORLDNo.6 2015
Editor in Chief:Vice Chief_Editor:President:Acting General Editor:Sponsor:Add:Tel:
Li KemuTian Yuan, He Shaohua, Lu Jian & Jiang DongshengGao YanjingLi ZhijunDevelopment Research Centre of the State Council,P.R.C.A-20,Block13,Peace Street,Chaoyang District,Beijing China(010)62112235 62111169
MANAGEMENT WORLDOriginal Name: ADMINISTRATIVE WORLD
way of the FB succession to the study on the relationship between intergenerational transition and the grouping startinga business and to its micro mechanism. This paper is based on the basic assumption that one of the possible choices ofthe SOTSG is not simply inheriting his or her father’s business, but on the basis of“creating other field”, that is tosay , entering into other field, and that this starting a business by grouping is the strategic selection of constructing per⁃sonal authority and showing the legitimating of his or her ability, when they are under the unfavorable environment inwhich they face the inadequacy of the legitimating of his or her authority and in which their comparative expectationhis too high. At the same time, the system environment as changing reference framework of the comparative framework,will also impact on the tendency to the second generation starting, in group, a business. This study model has organical⁃ly combined the family succession, the authority legitimating and the theory of starting, in group, a business, and hasexpanded and deepened the study on starting a business, in generation, of the FB. By the use of the data of the FB inChina’s listed company, we have, in this article, examined, by analyses, the above-mentioned theoretical proposition,given a better steady case support, and provided an explanation, which relies on the system circumstances, of the rela⁃tionship between the second generation succession of China’s FB and starting, in group, a business.
A Study, on the Spillover of the Knowledge of Starting a Business of the International Newly StartingBusiness, and on the Mechanism of the Knowledge Integration
Xu Hui, Wang Lin and Zhang Yang
The internationalized development of international new firms (INF) is a process of the constant obtainment and ac⁃cumulation of knowledge, and the spillover of and the shift of the knowledge of the employees who are sent to foreigncountries to work have important role in the increase in the amount of the international firms’knowledge. In this pa⁃per, taking as the main line the knowledge integration of INF, and from the perspective of the pioneer, we have probedinto the theoretic framework of the mechanism of the knowledge integration, based on the knowledge spillover, of theINF. By the results of our study, we have discovered that the stage of the internationalized development of the INF andthe storage amount have evolution-ized together, and in the process of the expansion in the overseas market, the peo⁃ple who have been sent to foreign countries to work have played the role of the entrepreneur, whose high knowledge po⁃tential of entrepreneurial knowledge is an important prerequisite to promote knowledge spillovers; we have, from the as⁃pect of the organization and that of the pioneer, explored the mechanism of the internationalized knowledge integration.On the entrepreneur level, and in the stage of having no experience knowledge, the knowledge transfer is made throughcross-cultural entrepreneurship, and at stage of having a short period of experience knowledge, the knowledge transferhas been made through the entrepreneurship imitation and starting a business of being the cross-culture, but at thestage of the internationalized knowledge, the knowledge transfer has been made through starting a business by himselfor herself. In the respect of organization, according to the behavior of the pioneer at different stage and the change inknowledge, the role of the firm will be slowly revolutionized from the supporter to the coordinator and the controller.