© David Last 14-15 November 2014 La Coruña, Spain Satellite Navigation – Where’s it Taking Us Now? Professor David Last Picture: earthobservatory.nasa. gov//ewsroom/ BlueMarble/ International Sail Training & Tall Ships Conference
© David Last 14-15 November 2014 La Coruña, Spain Satellite Navigation – Where’s it Taking Us Now? Professor David Last Picture: earthobservatory.nasa.
Dec 17, 2015
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© David Last
14-15 November 2014La Coruña, Spain
Satellite Navigation – Where’s it Taking Us Now?
Professor David Last
Picture: earthobservatory.nasa.gov//ewsroom/BlueMarble/
International Sail Training & Tall Ships Conference
© David Last
A Proper NavigatorPhoto: Dreamstime.com
From: May, V., ‘The first handheld aviation navigator’, Navigation News Nov/Dec 2001, pp8-9..
From: www.garmin.com/marine
Photo: Ashtech Inc., Optron Pty.
From: www.cellphonesforbusiness.com/ www.samsung.com
© David Last
© David Last
Pictures: https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/nika-glonass/id668566712?mt=8, http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/20/iphone-4s-supports-glonass-satellite-system-much-to-the-delight/
© David Last
Pictures: www.readio.com/new-york-hotel/pictures/warwick-hotel-new-york-city-pictures.jpg, pantransit.reptiles.org/images/1996-07-28/washington-rain-forest.png, www.at-bristol.org.uk/open/carpark.htm
Picture: europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/intro/index_en.htm
© David Last, University of Wales, Bangor
GALILEOEuropean Satellite NavigationSystem
What’s new?
• Real-time integrity - warning of failure• Legal service guarantees• Multi-nation control• Commercial service-provider• Civil, not military
• Technically compatible • More satellites• Higher accuracy
… plus …?
Picture: europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/intro/index_en.htm
Galileo plus GPS
GPS plus …
GLONASS Galileo Compass-Beidou (Russia) (Europe) (China)
• More satellites• Technically compatible • Higher performance
QZSS IRNSS(Japan) (India)
© David Last
Picture: Ashtech, Inc.
Picture: Kelvin Hughes Ltd.
WAAS &EGNOS + RAIM Figure: European Space Agency
Figure: http://www.airrouting.com/gps-raim-prediction.html
andIRNSS (India)
GPS plus …
QZSS (Japan) GALILEO (Europe) IRNSS (India)
GLONASS (Russia) Compass-Beidou (China)
… and all the augmentations:
Dover Strait – 28 days’ traffic records
© David Last
Satellite and Control System Failures
Official announcement: "A significant GPS anomaly occurred on 1 Jan 04... (which) … resulted in the transmission of Hazardously Misleading Information."
Sources: Vogel, Macabiau & Suard, ‘Effect of a GPS Anomaly on Different GNSS Receivers’, ION GNSS 2005, Long Beach, CA, Sep 13-16, 2005, Hoppe & Walterfang, ‘Investigation of a GPS Satellite Problem with respect to DGPS and GPS users’, European Journal of Navigation, May 2004, www.lr.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=400f4487-ed8c-4274-95cb-ebc2afa7385e&lang=en
SVN23 clock failure
© David Last
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26957569
© David Last
Picture: Professor Durk van Willigen
• GPS satellite radiates 100W
• From 20,000km range
• Illuminates 38% of Earth
• eg Europe + Africa + Atlantic
© David Last
Solar flares
“The burst produced 20,000 times more radio emissionthan the … rest of the sun … and swamped GPSreceivers over the entire sunlit side of the Earth.”
© David Last
Picture: www.flickr.com/photos/l23productions/1451697290/
A small jammer on this cliff-top disrupted GPS on vesselsout to ranges as wide as the Dover Strait
© David Last
Low-powered GPS jammer on ship
Jammer of less than 1 milliWatt: •False positions, and velocities •Autopilot may turn vessel•But no alarms!
With a little more jammer power:•Electronic Chart Displays•Autopilot•Automatic Identification System•Differential GPS•Satellite voice and data comms•Maritime distress safety system
plus …Ship’s Radar & Gyrocompass
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNAr8eQQ_9E&feature=youtu.be
© David Last
xx
Pictures: www.jammer-store.com/gj5-gps-l1-l2-l5-jammer-blocker.html
Jammers like this already on our streets can block all frequenciesof GPS and Galileo, Compass-Beidou & GLONASS, plus theEGNOS, WAAS, QZSS & GAGAN augmentation systems.
Pictures: wikipedia.org, dailymail.co.uk, insidegnss.com, youtube.com
Picture based on: http://www.amcsearch.com.au
© David Last
eNa
Picture: General Lighthouse Authorities of the UK & Ireland
eNavigation is coming!
© David Last
Reduce impact ofGPS vulnerability• Harden GPS systems
• Complementary navigation system
- independent of satellite navigation
- compatible with it
- meets modern standards
• Enhanced Loran (eLoran)• GNSS + eLoran: So resilient you can reduce lighthouses and buoys – and pay for eLoran
© David Last
Pictures: Mitchell Narins, Federal Aviation Administration; Reelektronika bv
Enhanced Loran(eLoran)
• eLoran: Strong LF signals from earth • GPS: Weak microwaves from space• Both: timing, ranges, position, time• No common mode of failure • Plug-in replacement
The GLAs’ prototype eLoran system is on the air
Runs continuously; available since May 2010; 10-20m accuracy in ports with differential service (green area)
Pictures: www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment, www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news, www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech, www.ft.com
© David Last
Picture: General Lighthouse Authorities of the UK & Ireland
On 28 February 2013, the Trinity House Vessel Galatea reverted automatically to eLoran when GPS was jammed. Galatea
continued seamlessly on track, reporting eLoran positions to nearby ships and the Vessel Traffic Service ashore.
Picture: www.insidegnss.com
© David Last
14-15 November 2014La Coruña, Spain
Satellite Navigation – Where’s it Taking Us Now?
Professor David Last
Picture: earthobservatory.nasa.gov//ewsroom/BlueMarble/
International Sail Training & Tall Ships Conference
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