© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of 28 Organizing the Elements Section 6.1.

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Organizing the Elements

Section 6.1


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6.1 Organizing the Elements

In a self-service store, the products are grouped according to similar characteristics. With a logical classification system, finding and comparing products is easy. You will learn how elements are arranged in the periodic table and what that arrangement reveals about the elements.

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Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle

Elements are organized using their properties. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine have very similar chemical properties.

They are all in group 7A.

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Organizing the Elements >

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Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

How did Mendeleev organize his periodic table?

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Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass.

This first table was used to predict the properties of undiscovered elements. The presence of Gallium was predicted based on this table

Problem- some elements didn’t line up with other elements that had similar properties

Example: I and Te were out of place

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Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

An Early Version of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

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Organizing the Elements >

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The Periodic Law

The Periodic Law

How is the modern periodic table organized?

Moseley developed the organization used in the modern periodic table.

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Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law

In the modern periodic table elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

Atomic number = # of protons

Protons are in the nucleus

Nucleus has a positive charge

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Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law

The periodic law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.

• The properties of the elements within a period change as you move across a period from left to right.

• The pattern of properties within a period repeats as you move from one period to the next.

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Organizing the Elements > Groups and Periods

Remember that:

a group is a vertical column

a period is a horizontal row

Groups have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons

For groups 1A-8A the number of valence electrons matches the group number (with the exception of He)

For groups 1B-8B the number of valence electrons is 1 or 2 and must be found using electron configurations.


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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Three classes of elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

Across a period, the properties of elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic.

Use the following slides to help you color in the 3 classes of elements using colored pencils.

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Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table

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Metals

Metals are good conductors of heat and electric current.

• 80% of elements are metals.

• Metals have a high luster, are ductile, and are malleable.

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Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum

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Nonmetals

In general, nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electric current.

• Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature.

• A few nonmetals are solids, such as sulfur and phosphorus. These solids are brittle.

• One nonmetal, bromine, is a dark-red liquid.

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Metalloids

A metalloid generally has some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals.

The behavior of a metalloid can be controlled by changing conditions.

A metalloid may be brittle, lustrous, and a good conductor, like silicon.

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If a small amount of boron is mixed with silicon, the mixture is a good conductor of electric current. Silicon can be cut into wafers, and used to make computer chips.

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1. The modern periodic table has elements arranged in order of

a. colors.

b. melting and boiling points.

c. increasing atomic mass.

d. increasing atomic number.

6.1 Section Quiz


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2. Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing

a. atomic number.

b. number of protons.

c. number of electrons.

d. atomic mass

6.1 Section Quiz


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3. Which one of the following is NOT a general property of metals?

a. ductility

b. malleability

c. having a high luster

d. poor conductor of heat and electricity

6.1 Section Quiz

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of 28 Organizing the Elements Section 6.1.

Documents

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