This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:• any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;• preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;• any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Myths cloud our understanding of physical Myths cloud our understanding of physical violenceviolence E.g. African Americans are more likely to kill E.g. African Americans are more likely to kill
whites and that women kill their husbands due whites and that women kill their husbands due to infidelityto infidelity
Terrorism now accounts for much Terrorism now accounts for much violence, especially in Israel and Londonviolence, especially in Israel and London
Assault and Aggravated Assault Assault and Aggravated Assault
AssaultAssault: unlawful use of physical force against : unlawful use of physical force against another personanother person
Aggravated assaultAggravated assault involves intent to kill or the involves intent to kill or the use of a deadly weapon, where the victim use of a deadly weapon, where the victim survives rather than diessurvives rather than dies
Assaulters are less likely than murderers to use Assaulters are less likely than murderers to use firearmsfirearms
Assault rises dramatically during the summer Assault rises dramatically during the summer
Who is More Likely to Kill? Who is More Likely to Kill?
Over 90% of murderers in the U.S. are in Over 90% of murderers in the U.S. are in the lower classes the lower classes
While making up 12% of the general While making up 12% of the general population, blacks account for 45% of the population, blacks account for 45% of the murders murders
Most killings are INTRA-racial Most killings are INTRA-racial
Who is More Likely to Kill? – cont.Who is More Likely to Kill? – cont.
Southern region has the highest rate (10 per 100,000) Southern region has the highest rate (10 per 100,000) Large cities have a significantly higher murder rate than Large cities have a significantly higher murder rate than
small cities/rural areas small cities/rural areas More men than women kill, and kill other menMore men than women kill, and kill other men Women usually kill in defense of themselves in an Women usually kill in defense of themselves in an
abusive relationship abusive relationship Both male and female murderers are relatively youngBoth male and female murderers are relatively young
highest murder rate is aged 15-19 for males and aged 20-24 for highest murder rate is aged 15-19 for males and aged 20-24 for femalesfemales
Who is More Likely to Kill? – cont.Who is More Likely to Kill? – cont.
Today, the overall murder rate in the United Today, the overall murder rate in the United States is lower than it was in the mid- 1980sStates is lower than it was in the mid- 1980s
Since 1985 murders committed by teenagers are Since 1985 murders committed by teenagers are on the riseon the rise Reasons: many inner-city teenagers carry guns to Reasons: many inner-city teenagers carry guns to
protect themselves, availability of guns, dysfunctional protect themselves, availability of guns, dysfunctional families, drugs, the declining quality of public schools, families, drugs, the declining quality of public schools, and increased violence on TV and in the movies. and increased violence on TV and in the movies.
Fewer murders occur during fall and Fewer murders occur during fall and spring, and more during July and August; spring, and more during July and August; they also peak during Decemberthey also peak during December
Saturday night is the time of week murders Saturday night is the time of week murders most often occur. most often occur.
Higher class murders, though, are more Higher class murders, though, are more premeditated and show no variation by premeditated and show no variation by time of year or weektime of year or week
Patterns of Killing – cont.Patterns of Killing – cont.
Men commit murders inside and outside the houseMen commit murders inside and outside the house Women almost exclusively kill in their own homes, Women almost exclusively kill in their own homes,
especially in the kitchenespecially in the kitchen If guns were less available, many heated arguments If guns were less available, many heated arguments
would result in aggravated assaults rather than murderswould result in aggravated assaults rather than murders In America, over 10,000 handgun homicides occur each In America, over 10,000 handgun homicides occur each
yearyear In other industrialized nations such as Canada, England, In other industrialized nations such as Canada, England,
and Japan, where guns are much harder to get, the and Japan, where guns are much harder to get, the number is less than 100number is less than 100
Characteristics of Homicide Characteristics of Homicide
Of all crimes, homicide is least likely to Of all crimes, homicide is least likely to involve strangers (less than 20%) involve strangers (less than 20%)
In 1 of 4 homicides the victim first attacks In 1 of 4 homicides the victim first attacks his subsequent slayer (his subsequent slayer (victim-precipitated victim-precipitated homicidehomicide))
most homicides result from a "character most homicides result from a "character contest" among lower-classcontest" among lower-class
Characteristics of Homicide – cont. Characteristics of Homicide – cont.
Homicide-suicide offenders first kill another person and Homicide-suicide offenders first kill another person and then themselvesthen themselves Sociologists see suicide as remorseSociologists see suicide as remorse Psychologists see suicide as psychosisPsychologists see suicide as psychosis
Mass murder:Mass murder: killing a number of people at about the same killing a number of people at about the same time and placetime and place Offenders usually die by their own hands or the hands of the policeOffenders usually die by their own hands or the hands of the police
Serial murder: involves killing a number of people one at a Serial murder: involves killing a number of people one at a time.time. Most murder in one city, plan what they do, stalk their victims, and Most murder in one city, plan what they do, stalk their victims, and
lure them into traps lure them into traps Often suffered abuse while children and cannot feel remorse for Often suffered abuse while children and cannot feel remorse for
The Social Profile of Serial Killers The Social Profile of Serial Killers
Most serial killers: Most serial killers: Usually seem like ordinary peopleUsually seem like ordinary people Are typically blue collar workersAre typically blue collar workers Are usually white men in their late 20s or 30sAre usually white men in their late 20s or 30s Are typically motivated by an intense desire Are typically motivated by an intense desire
Global Perspective: Homicide Global Perspective: Homicide
Homicide rates are higher in developing Homicide rates are higher in developing countriescountries
Latin America has the highest homicide rate in Latin America has the highest homicide rate in the world – characteristic of “machismo culture”the world – characteristic of “machismo culture”
in the highly patriarchal societies such as the in the highly patriarchal societies such as the Middle East, women are likely to fall victim to Middle East, women are likely to fall victim to “honor killings” by their male relatives“honor killings” by their male relatives
The U.S. has the highest homicide rate among The U.S. has the highest homicide rate among developed countriesdeveloped countries
School violence is attributed, in part, to the School violence is attributed, in part, to the availability of guns, media violence, and a availability of guns, media violence, and a culture of violenceculture of violence
Offenders are highly likely to be those Offenders are highly likely to be those rejected by parents and peersrejected by parents and peers
Stalking:Stalking: act of pursuing someone that act of pursuing someone that creates the fear of being assaulted or creates the fear of being assaulted or killedkilled
Most stalkers know their victimsMost stalkers know their victims Most cases are men stalking womenMost cases are men stalking women No racial differencesNo racial differences
9,000 Americans per year experience hate 9,000 Americans per year experience hate crimes crimes
African Americans and gays are the most likely African Americans and gays are the most likely victims victims
Most hate killers are part of hate groups, which Most hate killers are part of hate groups, which are often formed in prisonare often formed in prison
Three types of hate killers: Three types of hate killers: thrill hate killersthrill hate killers defensive hate killers defensive hate killers mission hate killersmission hate killers
Theories of genocide:Theories of genocide: physical or psychological separation between physical or psychological separation between
perpetrators and victimsperpetrators and victims dehumanization of victimsdehumanization of victims obedience to authority when askedobedience to authority when asked psychological ability to dissociate from the insanity of psychological ability to dissociate from the insanity of
killingkilling Power – The more power that a government has, the Power – The more power that a government has, the
greater its ability to carry out killing on a large scalegreater its ability to carry out killing on a large scale
TerrorismTerrorism: violence intended for a government but : violence intended for a government but victims are usually innocent citizensvictims are usually innocent citizens e.g. Timothy McVeigh, al Qaeda e.g. Timothy McVeigh, al Qaeda
The suicide attacks of 9/11 were said to be waged The suicide attacks of 9/11 were said to be waged against “the Great Satan” or the U.S., as part of a holy against “the Great Satan” or the U.S., as part of a holy warwar
The U.S. has obtained assistance from friendly Muslin The U.S. has obtained assistance from friendly Muslin countries, such as Saudi Arabia and Pakistancountries, such as Saudi Arabia and Pakistan
Following 9/11, most Muslim nations express less Following 9/11, most Muslim nations express less support for terrorism than in the pastsupport for terrorism than in the past
Two popular theories:Two popular theories:1.1. external restraint theoryexternal restraint theory: tries to explain : tries to explain
how the presence or absence of how the presence or absence of restraints controls the expression of restraints controls the expression of frustrationfrustration
2.2. subculture of violence: basic cause of subculture of violence: basic cause of high homicide rates in poor high homicide rates in poor neighborhoods neighborhoods