© Copyright 2006 POSC1 Production Reporting Overview.

© Copyright 2006 POSC 1

Production Reporting

Overview


Production Reporting Outline

• Flow Network – Collection of connected Flow Units.

• Product Flow Model – Collection of Flow Networks

• Product Volume Report– Measurements of p,v,t,q,… in fluid flows.

• Production Operations Report– Activities related to production.


Flow Network

• Represents a flow system.• Named collection of connected Units.• A unit is a black box that describes the flow into

or out of something.• Flow properties can be measured at a Port.• A network may have external ports.

Port

Network

Unit

Node


Flow Network – Flow Unit

• A black box with ports but an internal network allows drill-down for more details.

• A unit can represent:– A complex thing like a platform or separator.– A simple thing like a valve or choke.

• Contextual knowledge (i.e., what does this unit represent).


Flow Network – Flow Port

• Represents a real world measurement point on a facility.

• Has an expected direction (inlet or outlet).• Connects to one Node - may represent a many-

to-many connection.• May have an expected Product Flow (for

validation purposes) – e.g., oil production or gas injection.

• Future - Control point (across two ports)


Flow Network – Port Direction

• The direction is the intended direction of flow.• A change in pressure across a unit can change

the actual flow direction at a port.• In the Product Volume Report:

– A positive volume represents an intended direction (i.e., a flow out of an outlet port or into an inlet port).

– A negative volume represents an unintended direction (i.e., a flow into an outlet port and out of an inlet port).

B3


Flow Network – Expected Product Flow

• Pairs of product kind and flow kind where:– Product = oil, gas, condensate, aqueous, oleic,

vapour, water, carbon dioxide gas, etc.– Flow = production, injection, consume, import,

export, gas lift, overboard, etc.


Flow Network – Node (artificial concept)

• All ports that are connected to the same node are connected to each other.

• For an actual flow diagram the graphics may ignore the node.

asserts a connection Port

Node

Unit


Flow Network – Flow Assumptions

• Steady state fluid flow across nodes and ports. That is, pressure is constant across internally and externally connected ports and nodes.

• Conservation of mass across a node or port.• The temperature and other properties can vary

between connected ports.• Pressure can vary internally between ports on a

unit.


Flow Network – Internal Network of a Unit

• Corresponding ports have the same name (i.e., they are logically the same port).

• There is no pressure change across ports or nodes. Thus, there is no pressure change between ports A2 and C1.

BB1

B3

B2

B2

B Internal Network

B1 C1

AA2

B3

C


Flow Network – What good is it?

• Defines the connectivity status of one fluid system over time. That is, how fluid “could” flow.

• Defines measurement points within the fluid system.• The flow connectivity is independent of physical

descriptions.• The connectivity can be tailored to specific business

scenarios.• Requires something else to capture actual flow

properties over time.


Exercise - Start

Compressor 2

Compressor 3

Compressor 1

Separator

Wing & Master ValveController or

Casing Choke

Flowline Choke

Perforations

Tubing

Casing

Lift-gas Production

To Well

From Well

From Well

To Well

2

34

5

1

1112

131514

10

16

21

20

22

24

23

25 2726

Gas HeaderProduction

Header

Gas Lift Valve

Packer

Valve

Choke

Measurement # 1


Exercise - Measurements1 Bottom hole pressure Well (Subsurface)

2 Bottom hole temperature Well (Subsurface)3 Flowing tubing head pressure Well (Surface)4 Annulus pressure Well (Surface)5 Lift gas pressure (CHP) Well (Surface)6 SSSV status Well (Surface)7 SSV status Well (Surface)8 Chemical injection flow (Injection gas) Well (Surface)9 Chemical injection (Injection gas) ppm N/A10 Lift gas control valve percent open Well (Surface)11 Lift gas rate setpoint N/A12 Lift gas pressure (upstream of meter) Well (Surface)

13 Lift gas meter differential pressure (dp) Well (Surface)

14 Lift gas meter temperature (upstream of control valve) Well (Surface)

15 Lift gas flow rate N/A16 Lift gas temperature n/a17 Chemical injection flow (Production) Well (Surface)18 Chemical injection (Production) ppm N/A19 Sand detection Well (Flow line)20 Flow line pressure differentual Well (Flow line)21 Flow line pressure Well (Flow line)22 Flow line temperature Well (Flow line)23 Bulk lift gas temperature Injection Manifold24 Bulk lift gas pressure Injection Manifold25 Total gas production rate N/A26 Water production rate N/A27 Net oil production rate N/A


Exercise - Boundary

Compressor 2

Compressor 3

Compressor 1

Separator


Casing Choke

Flowline Choke

Perforations

Tubing

Casing

Lift-gas Production

To Well

From Well

From Well

To Well

2

34

5

1

1112

131514

10

16

21

20

22

24

23

25 2726


Header

Gas Lift Valve

Packer

A

C

B

D

E F

G H

Valve

Choke

Measurement #

Unit Boundary

Unit Name

1

A


Exercise - Hide

Compressor 2

Compressor 3

Compressor 1

Separator


Casing Choke

Flowline Choke

Perforations

Tubing

Casing

Lift-gas Production

To Well

From Well

From Well

To Well

2

34

5

1

1112

131514

10

16

21

20

22

24

23

25 2726


Header

Gas Lift Valve

Packer

A

C

B

D

E F

G H

Valve

Choke

Measurement #

Unit Boundary

Unit Name

1

A


Exercise – End

From Well

Compressor 2

Compressor 3

Compressor 1

Separator

Lift-gas Production

To Well

To Well

2

34

5

1

1112

131514

10

16

21

20

22

24

23

25 2726

D

BA

G

CE F

H

From Well

Measurement #

Unit

Flow (from/to port)

1

F


Real World Example

From Aspen tech

From AspenTech








Product Flow Model

• Defines the flow behaviour of something (normally larger installations).

• Collection of Flow Networks.– The model is represented by one network.– Each of the other networks represent a Flow Unit

within a network.• External ports.

– Allows models to connect.


Product Flow Model - Model Hierarchy

• Model – Collection of networks.– Network – Collection of connected units.

• Unit – Black box with ports.–Port – Allows flow in or out.

»Node – Allows ports to connect.


Product Flow Model - Summary

• Flow system defined by a Network (Units with connected Ports).

• Unit can represent anything (big or small).• Steady state fluid flow across ports/nodes• Conservation of mass across ports/nodes.• Properties are assigned by the Product Volume

Report.


Product Volume ReportRequirements

• Simple (e.g., one well) or complex (e.g., one field).

• Fluid measurements at a point in a flow stream.– Multiple measurement points.– Multiple flow streams– Multi-phase streams– Multiple reporting periods– Multiple properties


Product Volume Report -Problem Analysis

• ProductionML – meets a subset of Partner Daily Reporting Project requirements

• Typical Recurring Pattern– Where - well, field, platform, tank, flowline, vessel, …– Flow – production, injection, gas-lift, import, export,

consumption, inventory, …– Product – oil, gas, water, condensate, diesel, aqueous, … – Period – day, month, year, mtd, ytd, cumulative total, …– Measurements – volume, flow rate, pressure, temperature,

density, component concentration, mass, differential pressure


Product Volume Report Schema Outline

ReportcontextFacility

kind (well, wellhead, wellbore, separator, flow line, choke, platform, etc.)contextual identityFlow

kind (production, injection, consumption, import, export, gas-lift, etc.)port (measurement point in flow network)qualifier (measured, simulated, constraint, etc.) properties (temperature, pressure, differential pressure)Product

kind (oil, water, gas, aqueous, vapour, diesel, electricity, etc.)properties (density, component content)Period

kind (day, month, year, MTD, YTD, midnight, etc.) date and time (point or interval)

properties (volume, flow rate, mass, temperature, pressure)


Product Volume Report -Report Context

• Report - kind, title, period• What - Installation, Contextual facility• Where - Country, state, field, offshore (area, block,

quadrant)• Who - operator, issued, approved• When - issue date, approval date• Flow Network• Standard temperature and pressure


Product Volume Report -Facility

• Represents one real world concept– Name and kind (e.g., well, wellhead, wellbore, separator, flow line,

choke, platform, etc.) – May represent one Flow Unit in a Flow Network

• Contextual facilities (e.g., a particular field).• Downtime reason, injecting/producing flags,

operation time, capacity• One or more Flows


Product Volume Report -Flow

• Kind (e.g., production, injection, consumption, import, export, gas-lift, etc.)

• May represent one Flow Port on a Flow Unit in a Flow Network.

• Gas oil ratio, water concentration (mass or volume basis)

• Temperature, pressure• Pressure difference across Flow Ports.• One or more Products


Product Volume Report -Product

• Kind (e.g., oil, water, gas, aqueous, vapor, diesel, electricity, etc.)

• Density, vapour pressure, bsw, specific gravity, dewpoint, calorific value

• Component content (product kind, density, concentration)

• One or more Periods


Product Volume Report -Period

• Kind (e.g., day, month, year, MTD, YTD, midnight, report, etc.)

• Date and time (if different from reporting period)• Volume, flow rate, temperature, pressure, mass,

work (for product=electricity)


Product Volume Report –Summary

ReportcontextFacility

kind (well, wellhead, wellbore, separator, flow line, choke, platform, etc.)contextual identityFlow

kind (production, injection, consumption, import, export, gas-lift, etc.)port (measurement point in flow network)qualifier (measured, simulated, constraint, etc.) properties (temperature, pressure, differential pressure)Product

kind (oil, water, gas, aqueous, vapour, diesel, electricity, etc.)properties (density, component content)Period

kind (day, month, year, MTD, YTD, midnight, etc.) date and time (point or interval)

properties (volume, flow rate, mass, temperature, pressure)








Production Operations Report

• Contextual information.– what, where, who, when

• Installation Reports– what, crew count, cumulative work, bed count– HSE

• incident, time since, counts, weather– Activity

• lost production, water cleaning quality, shutdown events, alarms, marine operations, cargo ship operations.


Production Operations Report - Contextual information

• Report - kind, title, period• What - installation, contextual facility• Where - country, state, field, offshore (area, block, quadrant)

• Who - operator, issued, approved• When - issue date, approval date


Production Operations Report – Who (generic structure)

• Name, roles, aliases• Addresses - physical, mailing, …, phone, email,

contact preference• Associated with• Contact for• Personnel count (for a group)


Production Operations Report – HSE

• Incident count• Time since - lost time, prevention exercise, defined situation

• Counts - alarm, safety intro

• Safety - MTB incidents, count of each type, dated comment (who, role, when)

• Weather - from WITSML (added significant wave)


Production Operations Report – Activity

• Lost production - volume with reason, due to 3rd party processing

• Water cleaning quality – chemical amounts before/after, temperature, dated comments (who, role, when)

• Shutdowns - when, estimated loss, detailed activities

• Alarms - time, area, type, reason, dated comment

• Marine Operations – when, vessel [supply, standby], dated comments about – [vessels, basket movement, detail activity]

• Cargo Ship Operations – name, time, captain, cargo, oil volumes, density, vapor pressure, bsw, salt content

• Operational Comments – type, start time, end time


Production Operations Report - Review

• Contextual information.– what, where, who, when

• Installation Reports– what, crew count, cumulative work, bed count– HSE

• incident, time since, counts, weather– Activity

• lost production, water cleaning quality, shutdown events, alarms, marine operations, cargo ship operations.


Production Reporting Summary

• Flow Network – Collection of connected Flow Units.– Ports represent measurement points.

• Product Flow Model– Collection of Flow Networks– Supports finer grain networks

• Product Volume Report– Measurements of p,v,t,q,… in fluid flows.– Can assign properties to network ports

• Production Operations Report– Activities related to production.– Currently has offshore bias.

© Copyright 2006 POSC1 Production Reporting Overview.

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