-consumer-behaviour-towarda-two-wheelers.pdf

A

RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT

ON

“CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS 150CC BIKES (KARNAL)”

AT

RPIIT, KARNAL

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement

For the award of degree

Of

MASTER’S OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

SESSION (2011-2013)

SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY:-

Kurukshetra University, Deepak Kumar

Kurukshetra MBA 4TH Sem.

College Roll No. M-1104

University Roll No.-

R.P. Inderaprastha Institute of Technology Bastara, Karnal

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my pleasure to be indebted to various people, who directly or indirectly contributed in thedevelopment of this work and who influenced my thinking, behavior, and acts during the course of

study.

I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Sorabh Gupta, worthy Principal for providing me anopportunity to undergo winter research at RPIIT COLLEGE, KARNAL.

I am thankful to Mr. Pardeep Singla for his support, cooperation, and motivation provided tome during the training for constant inspiration, presence and blessings.

I also extend my sincere appreciation to Mrs. ……..Head, Department of Management, R.P.Inderaprastha Institute of Technology, Bastara (Karnal)who provided his valuable suggestions andprecious time in accomplishing my project report.

Lastly, I would like to thank the almighty and my parents for their moral support and my friendswith whom I shared my day-to-day experience and received lots of suggestions that improved myquality of work.

(Deepak Kumar)

DECLARATION

I, Deepak Kumar, student of MBA 4th Semester, studying at , R.P. InderaprasthaInstitute of Technology, Bastara (Karnal)hereby declare that the winter researchreport on “CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR

TOWARDS 150CC BIKES” submitted toKurukshetra University, Kurukshetra inpartial fulfillment of Degree of Master’s ofBusiness Administration is the original workconducted by me.

The information and data given in the report is authentic to the best of my knowledge.

This summer training report is not beingsubmitted to any other University for awardof any other Degree, Diploma andFellowship.

(Deepak Kumar)

PREFACE

In this age of globalization hyper competition has become a regular feature. Today the markets areno less then battlegrounds and one has to strive very hard for survival and growth.

Due to very rapid industrialization all over the world the demand for the managerial personnel andthe administrative personnel has increased. The perfect study of Management involves both thetheoretical as well as practical aspects. To survive in this highly competitive market “PracticalKnowledge” is as relevant as the Theoretical.

The significance of MBA Degree is that the Theoretical aspects, which a student learns throughoutthe year in the class sessions, can be practically applied through different projects, which oneundertakes. Keeping in tune with this doctrine, we have tried to apply theoretical aspects throughoutthe project, which we learned under the course of management.

In this project more emphasize given to the various tools of Marketing Research. Actually in recenttrend to some extent this technique also become victim of clutter, even though it can be eliminatedby generating innovative and more attractive tools to lure the customers.

TABLES OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction ( meaning, objective, scope, limitation)

22.1 Review of literature

2.2 research methodology

3 Data collection

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMOBILE

Throughout the centuries man has striven to expand his capabilities through the use of machine. Hisever inventive mind has constantly devised ways to use tool to increase his abilities to explore theworld around him. To go faster, deeper, higher and further than before was it. Coupled with his needto find new thrills, new adventures and new modes of transportation, the invention refinement of themotorcycle seems an inevitable outcome.

It would seem that Michelangelo conceived of the bicycle as early 14th century. And his drawingshows a remarkable resemblance to the modern day bike. It had wheels of similar size and evenpedals and chain. Albeit made without any apparent means of steering.

Through never built, it was a remarkably clever design, and early bicycle makers would have donewell to study his concepts, there have, in fact been 4 machines built based on his drawing, attestingto the viability of his design.

It wasn‘t until 1869 that the first serious attempts were made to produce motor driven bicyclesThese very first were powered by steam, and driven by leather belts or as in the case of the ropersteam velocipede of 1869 by a system of levers attached to a crank on the driven wheel.

In 1885 the Daimler, Europe this is consider by many as the first true motorcycle or motor bicycle,as it was the first to employ an internal combustion engine and was designed from the ground up tobe motor powered. Designed by gottlibe Daimler it was powered by an Otto cycle engine producingabout ½ horse powers. Note this design again employed wooden wheels and Daimler dropped thetwist grip controls from his 1877 design in favor of leavers on the frame.

In 1894, Hildebrand and Wolfmuller, France Worlds produce first motorcycle. It came with a 1428 ccwater cooled four-stroke motor producing 2.5 bhp. And speed of 25 mph.

In 1898 orient-Aster, USA the American made production motorcycle was this entry built by the MetzCompany, in Waltham, mass, it used an aster engine that was a French copy of the Metz Company,in Waltham, mass.

Two wheelers in India

Bikes or two wheelers in India cater to various needs of the consumers. With the choice of theIndians improving from bicycles to two wheelers, the Indian two-wheeler market has seen asignificant growth over the years. Now owing a bike has become a must for most Indians. Even ifpeople own a car they prefer to have a bike as it is very economical and fuel efficient.

With the growth in the economy the demand for two wheelers is increasing over the years. It is oneof the most dynamic industries today and with the increasing competition companies are bringing innew products with sophisticated technologies and innovative features to capture a major pie of theIndian market and it‘s the consumer who is benefited from it..

With the availability of reduced consumer loans and high disposable income the Indian two-wheelerindustry has perceived an exceptional growth over the past few years thereby making India thesecond largest market for two wheelers in the world only after China.

The motorcycle has now become one most popular mode of transportation among the Indianmiddle class families because of it is cost effective, economical and easy to navigate through thetraffic. Moreover, the people have started preferring bikes instead of scooters and mopeds andtoday bikes form a major part of the Indian two wheelers.

Indian companies are one of the largest two wheeler manufacturers in the world. The number onebike manufacturer in the world, Hero is in close competition with the Indian manufacturer Bajaj India.

The motorcycle industry in India has witnessed a tremendous change in the 90‘s with the inventionof 4 stroke engine which makes the bikes more fuel efficient. Further companies are trying to bringin more innovations to make the motorcycle ride more comfortable, safe and user friendly andeconomical.

In a nut shell the followings factors can be distinguished for the growth of motorcycle industry in India

Easy accessibility to cheap consumer loansThe increase in the average income of the family.The reduction in duties and taxes.

Convenience with regards to commuting as compared to the public transport system.Continuous innovations in technology making the bikes economic and fuel-efficient.

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

To ascertain consumer’s awareness about various brands and models of bikes.To identify the factor which influence the buying behavior while selecting a particular bikes of150 cc?

CONSUMER

Everybody in this world is a consumer. We need a variety of goods and services right from our birthto death. All consumers are buyers and all buyers are not consumer. Then who are the consumerbuyers and how they behave while purchasing a particular product is very important for marketers.Consumer buyer behavior refers to the buying behavior of final consumers – individuals andhouseholds who buys services and goods for personal consumption. Consumer behavior isinfluenced strongly by culture, social, personal and psychological factors. Culture factors include theset of basic values, perceptions, wants and behavior learned by a member of society from familyand other important institutions. The social factors include consumer’s family, small group, socialroles and status. The personal characteristics such as buyer’s age, life cycle stage, occupation,economic situations and life style influenced by four major psychological factors: Motivation,Perception, Learning, Belief and Attitudes.

By keeping in view the importance of consumer behavior, the present study deals with the consumerbuyer behavior of two wheelers.

Increasing urbanization, higher disposal incomes, falling interest rates and poor public transportlead to increase in the volume of two-wheelers, 10 percent increase year after year for the past onedecade.

In this era of cut throat competition, no company can even survive in the market place withoutknowing it and its products strengths and weaknesses. It has to fortify itself against threats from theenvironment and exploit its strengths or increase profits. And in order to do so, the company has toconduct regular surveys to know the customer’s opinions, needs, and preferences. This helps thecompany to manufacture the product like wise for each customer’s expectations.

It has now become more important for the customer confidence and higher positioning of buyerperception. Thus, Surveys becomes genuine key to success.

Consumers Behavior

Consumers Behavior can be defined as –

"The behavior that consumer display in searching for, punching, using, evaluating and disposing of products & service that they expect will satisfy their needs.” The decision process and physicalactivity individuals engaging when evaluating, acquiring using or disposing of goods and services.A consumer plays a no of roles in purchase decision. The study of consumer’s behavior would beincomplete if it treated only one consumer role. Some consumers Behavior role are :-

ROLE DESCRIPTION

Initiator: -The individual who determines that some or need or want is not being met & authorize torectify the situation.

Influencer:-A person who by some intentional or unintentional word or action influences thepurchase decision, the actual purchase and the use of the product or service.

Buyer:-The individual who actually makes the purchase transaction.

User:-The person most directly involved in the consumption or use of purchase.

Thus, the importance of CB lies in the fact that behavior can be understand & influenced to ensure apositive purchase decision. So, a round understanding of CB is essential to the long run success ofany marketing program. In fact, it is seen as a cornerstone of the marketing concept. That's why themarketing managers interest lies exactly to ensure that his marketing strategy result in purchase ofthe product.

THE CUSTOMER BUYING PROCESS

Miller and Layton define a Buying-decision process as the series of logical stages, which differ forconsumers and organizations that a prospective purchaser goes through when faced with a buyingproblem.

The stages of the buying –decision process is:

1. Needs recognition: the consumer is moved to action by a need.

2. Identification of alternatives: the consumer identifies alternative products and brands andcollects information about them. Product and brand identification may come from a simplememory scan of previous experiences to an extensive external search.

3. Evaluation of alternatives: the consumer weighs the advantage and disadvantage ofalternatives identified. The evaluation may involve a single criterion, or several criteria, andthen compare each alternative. For example, you might select a frozen dinner on price aloneor on price, taste, and ease of preparation.

4. Purchase and related Decision: the consumer decides to buy or not to buy and makes otherdecision related to the purchase. If the decision is to buy, a series of related decisions will bemade, such as where and when to make transaction, how to order or take delivery, the methodof payment and other issues.

5. Post-purchase behavior: the consumer seeks reassurance that the choice make was thecorrect one. What a consumer learns from going through the buying process has an influenceon his next time purchase.

After we identify the customer buying–decision process, we should know there are some importantfactors that influence it, such as information, social factors, psychological factors, and situationalfactors.

INFORMATION AND PURCHASE DECISIONS

Purchase decisions require information. Customers should know what products and brands areavailable, what features and benefits they offer, who sells the products at what prices and wherethey can be purchased. Miller et al argue that there are three sources of buying information –personal sources, commercial sources, and public sources.

Personal sources: include family members, friends, and members of consumer’s referencegroup.

Commercial sources: refer to the information provided by service providers, marketers, andmanufacturers and their dealers. It bears noting that Advertising is the most familiar type ofcommercial information.

Public sources: include non -commercial and professional organizations and individuals thatprovide advice for consumers, such as doctors, lawyers, government agencies, travelagencies.

THE CONSUMER BUYING –DECISION PROCESS AND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCEIT.

It should be mentioned that advanced technology provides the opportunity to reduce the costs ofsearching for information. This makes it easier for customers to make informed decisions.

Social and group forces influence the customer buying –decision process

The social influences affecting consumers’ purchase decisions include culture, subculture, social

class, reference groups, and family.

Culture is the set of beliefs, attitudes, and behavior patterns shared by members of a societyand transmitted from one generation to the next. Cultures do change over time. Marketingmanagers must be alert this changes so that they can adjust their planning to follow it. Forexample, in some cases, time has become as valuable as money. Australian consumersincreasingly require time - saving services (such as fast food) and labour -saving products(such as frozen dinners).

Reference groups: includes a variety of groups that affect consumer behaviors throughnormative compliance. It should be mentioned that the family is a reference group.

Social class: is a ranking within a society determined by the members of the society. Miller etal argue that people’s buying behavior is often strongly influenced by the class they belong to.Such as the upper class, they usually like to buy expensive goods and services.

Psychological forces impact on the customer buying –decision process. Motivation,perception, and attitudes all affect the customer buying –decision process.

Motivation: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a popular theory on understanding humanmotivation theory.

With a greater understanding of motives, marketers are better prepared to design attractive valuepropositions.

Perception: is the process by which a person selects, organizes, and interprets information. Aconsumer’s personality –encompassing their particular needs, attitudes, belief, and pastinfluences buying decisions. The features of the message and the way it is communicatedalso influence consumers’ perception.

Attitude: is a positive and negative feeling about an object.

Attitudes are learned. They are formed as a result of direct experiences with a product or anidea, indirect experiences.Attitudes have direction and intensity. Our attitudes are either favorable or unfavorable towardobjects. They cannot be neutral. For example, you may mildly like something, or like it verymuch. This factor is important for marketer cause both strongly favorable and stronglyunfavorable attitudes are difficult to change.Finally, attitudes tend to be stable and general sable. When people formed their attitude, itshould endure. The longer they are held, the more resistant to change they are.

Situational factors. As Miller et al state that situational influences are a temporary force,associated with the immediate purchase environment, effecting behavior. Encompassesfactors such as when consumers buy, where consumers buy, and how consumers buy.

MOTORCYCLE

The motorcycle segment is dominated by major player’s viz. HERO, BAJAJ, TVS, HONDAand SUZUKI. The market share of each of the player is as given below.

Near 70% of the motorcycle sales is from Indi-Japanese motorcycles and rest coming fromIndian motorcycle manufacturers. The Indo-Japanese segment is catered by 4 to 6 models fromeach of the player’s viz. HERO, BAJAJ, TVS, HONDA and SUZUKI etc. But majority of sales is of100cc to 125cc motorcycles. The Indo-Japanese motorcycles are costlier due to import content androyalty payments to their Japanese collaborations.

The expanding Indian market, the growing size of the middle class and the rise in aspirations of theyouth along with opening up of the Indian economy have collectively influenced the steady growth ofthe two wheeler market in India. With leading foreign brands in collaborations with Indianmanufacturers entering the Indian market, the customer could not have asked for more. In fact, theIndian bike market has grown immensely and the preference for variety looks, design has brought ina number of models in the market. In the last 2 to 3 years, the craze for motorcycle over the scooters

Has picked up and one can find today even girls craving for a motorbike. Not only in the Metros butin small towns and cities also.

Trying to catch up with these, manufacturers are busy working out customer profiles. With thecompetition hitting up one can find a host of discounts including: cash rebates and free accessoriesto push sales of the commuter bikes. Certain changes are also visible as far as customerpreferences are concerned. The basic 100cc bike market is suddenly experiencing a slowdown inthe growth. This Commuter bike was a favorite till the other day commanding up to 90% of the totalbike sales. The shift towards 100cc plus bikes is suddenly discernable and the segment isexpected to double in the next year itself.

Manufacturers are now rushing in to introduce bikes in this segment. But it’s not yet end of the roadfor the basic entry-level bike. We are witnessing segmentation in the bike market, like the Bikemarket. The entry level model will continue to be a high-interest segment for the aspirants.

Against this backdrop, the present project work has been undertaken. With the focus of theconsumer shifting to brand and product features, the project is a study aiming at understanding whatdoes a customer wants from Power segment bikes(150cc & plus).In today’s challenging &competitive world of fast changing technology, consumer tastes are also characterized by fastchanges. So, to survive in the market, a firm has to be constantly innovating and understand thelatest, consumer trends, tastes and preference. Consumer behavior provides invaluable dues andguidelines to market on new technological frontiers, which they should explore. It is realized bystudying the buying behavior of consumers that many consumer products that they felt reflected theirown special needs, personalities and lifestyles. To better meet the needs of specific groups ofconsumers, most marketers adopted a policy of market segmentation & successfully market todifferent segments the marketing manager needs appropriate marketing strategies, which he candesign only when he can understand the factor, which account for these difference in consumer’sbehavior.

The most important reason for studying consumer behavior is the significant role it plays in our lives.It plays a vital role in decision-making. As consumer significantly affected certain decision'sbehavior or expected actions. So, consumer behavior is said to be an applied discipline.

Such applications can exit at two different levels of analysis.

Micro PerspectiveSocietal perspective

The micro perspective involves understanding consumers for the purpose of helping a firm ororganization accomplish its objectives.

The societal perspective can provide insight into aggregate economic & social trends and canperhaps even predict such trends. It may suggest ways to increase the efficiency of the marketsystem & improve the well being of people in society.

Major Players and Products Offered

As India is very potential market for two-wheeler. There are a number of players competing with oneanother. In the mean time, there are 5 major players fighting for an approx. two wheelers market of50.18 lakh two- wheelers annually. The structure of the industry has changed during the last decadewith a number of small companies being taken over by major players. But, the competition has justbegun to hot up with coming up of MNCs. The major players are as follows:

1) HEROHero Moto Corp Ltd. (Formerly Hero Honda Motors Ltd.) is the world's largest manufacturer oftwo - wheelers, based in India.In 2001, the company achieved the coveted position of being the largest two-wheelermanufacturing company in India and also, the 'World No.1' two-wheeler company in terms ofunit volume sales in a calendar year. Hero Moto Corp Ltd. continues to maintain this position tilldate.

VisionThe story of Hero Honda began with a simple vision - the vision of a mobile and an empoweredIndia, powered by its bikes. Hero Moto Corp Ltd., company's new identity, reflects its commitmenttowards providing world class mobility solutions with renewed focus on expanding company'sfootprint in the global arena.

MissionHero Moto Corp's mission is to become a global enterprise fulfilling its customers' needs andaspirations for mobility, setting benchmarks in technology, styling and quality so that it converts itscustomers into its brand advocates. The company will provide an engaging environment for itspeople to perform to their true potential. It will continue its focus on value creation and enduringrelationships with its partners.

StrategyHero Moto Corp's key strategies are to build a robust product portfolio across categories, exploregrowth opportunities globally, continuously improve its operational efficiency, aggressively expandits reach to customers, continue to invest in brand building activities and ensure customer andshareholder delight.

PRODUCTS

PASSION X PROIGNITORIMPULSEHF DAWNHF DELUXESPLENDER +SPLENDER NXGSPLENDER PROSUPER SPLENDERGLAMOURACHIVERHUNKKARIZMAKARIZMA ZMRXTREME

150 cc bike of Hero Moto Corp

2) BAJAJ

The Bajaj Group is amongst the top 10 business houses in India. Its footprint stretches over a widerange of industries, spanning automobiles (two-wheelers and three-wheelers), home appliances,lighting, iron and steel, insurance, travel and finance. The group's flagship company, Bajaj Auto, isranked as the world's fourth largest two- and three- wheeler manufacturer and the Bajaj brand iswell-known across several countries in Latin America, Africa, Middle East, South and South EastAsia. Founded in 1926, at the height of India's movement for independence from the British, thegroup has an illustrious history. The integrity, dedication, resourcefulness and determination tosucceed which are characteristic of the group today, are often traced back to its birth during thosedays of relentless devotion to a common cause. Jamnalal Bajaj, founder of the group, was a closeconfidant and disciple of Mahatma Gandhi. In fact, Gandhiji had adopted him as his son. This closerelationship and his deep involvement in the independence movement did not leave Jamnalal Bajajwith much time to spend on his newly launched business venture.

His son, Kamalnayan Bajaj, then 27, took over the reigns of business in 1942. He too was close toGandhiji and it was only after Independence in 1947, that he was able to give his full attention to thebusiness. Kamalnayan Bajaj not only consolidated the group, but also diversified into variousmanufacturing activities. The present Chairman of the group, Rahul Bajaj, took charge of thebusiness in 1965. Under his leadership, the turnover of the Bajaj Auto the flagship company hasgone up from INR.72 million to INR. 120 billion, its product portfolio has expanded and the brandhas found a global market. He is one of India’s most distinguished business leaders andinternationally respected for his business acumen and entrepreneurial spirit

PRODUCTS

AVENGERIPULSARDISCOVERPLATINANINJA

3.TVS

TVS is also a leading two-wheeler company began under with the vision of the founder of theSundaram Clayton Group the late Mr. T.S.Srinivasan to design, develop and produce an affordablemoped for the Indian family.

TVS Motor Company is the third largest two-wheeler manufacturer in India and one among the topten in the world, with annual turnover of more than USD 1 billion in 2008-2009, and is the flagshipcompany of the USD 4 billion TVS Group.The company has 4 plants - located at Hosur and Mysorein South India, in Himachal Pradesh, North India and one at Indonesia. The company has aproduction capacity of 2.5 million units a year

TVS Motor's strength lies in design and development of new products - the latest launch of 7products on the same day seen as a first in automotive history. We at TVS deliver total customersatisfaction by anticipating customer need and presenting quality vehicles at the right time and atthe right price. The customer and his ever changing need is our continuous source of inspiration.

TVS has always stood for innovative, easy to handle, environment friendly products, backed byreliable customer service.No wonder, then, that our 15 million customers on the road have a reason to smile

PRODUCTS

·APACHE RTR

·FLAME

·JIVA

·MAX 4R

·PHOENIX

·STAR CITY

·STAR SPORTS

4.SUZUKI

SUZUKI MOTORCYCLE INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED is a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor Corporation,Japan where in we are having the same manufacturing philosophy of VALUE PACKEDPRODUCTS right from the inception. SMIPL will be manufacturing two wheelers best suited for thevaluable Indian customers covering all segments

Suzuki Motor Corporation is a Japanese multinational corporation headquartered in Minami-ku,Hamamatsu, Japan that specializes in manufacturing compact automobiles and 4x4 vehicles, a fullrange of motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), outboard marine engines, wheelchairs and avariety of other small internal combustion engines. Suzuki is Japan's 4th largest automobilemanufacturer after Toyota, Nissan and Honda, the 9th largest automobile manufacturer in the worldby production volume, employs over 45,000, has 35 main production facilities in 23 countries and133 distributors in 192 countries. According to statistics from the Japan Automobile ManufacturersAssociation (JAMA), Suzuki is Japan's second-largest manufacturer of small cars and trucks.

PRODUCTS

Gs 150HayateSling shot

5.HONDA

Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world'slargest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14million internal combustion engines each year. Honda surpassed Nissan in 2001 to become thesecond-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer. As of August 2008, Honda surpassed Chrysleras the fourth largest automobile manufacturer in the United States. Honda was the eighth largest

automobile manufacturer in the world behind General Motors, Volkswagen Group, Toyota, HyundaiMotor Group, Ford, Nissan, and PSA in 2011.

Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura,in 1986. Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufacturesgarden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators, amongst others.Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and releasedtheir ASIMO robot in 2000. They have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GEHonda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 Honda Jet, scheduled to be released in 2012.Honda invests about 5% of its revenues in research and development.

PRODUCTS

CB TRIGGERCB TWISTERCB UNICORNCB 1000 RCBRCB SHINECB DREAM YOGAHONDA VFR

SCOPE OF STUDY

To know about the consumer buying behavior and factor whichInfluence customer to purchase the product.To know about the consumer preference and decision.To know the market shares that the company holds.To know the factors which influence customer to making there purchasing decisionTo find the promotional channel which creates more awareness about the bike available in themarket.

CHAPTER--2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

To know about the consumer buying behavior and factor which As the objectives of my study isanalyses the customer perception Customer Perception and Attitude towards selected brands of150c.c. bikes on the basis of Price, Brand name and After sale services.

Consumer buyer behavior refers to the buying behavior of final consumers – individuals andhouseholds who buys services and goods for personal consumption. Consumer behavior isinfluenced strongly by culture, social, personal and psychological factors. Culture factors include theset of basic values, perceptions, wants and behavior learned by a member of society from familyand other important institutions. The social factors include consumer’s family, small group, socialroles and status. The personal characteristics such as buyer’s age, life cycle stage, occupation,economic situations and life style influenced by four major psychological factors:

Once the problem is formulated, the researcher undertakes an extensive literature survey related to

problem. The literature survey undertaken here includes books and different websites from theinternet.

RSEARCH METHODLOGY

SAMPLE DESIGN

In this project, non - probability sampling has been used because sample is selected by own viewand every item of universe has not equal chances of being selected. Under non- probabilitysampling, convenient sampling has been used because sample has been selected according toown convenience.

Sampling size:

This refers to the number of person institution to be surveyed. Total sampling size of this study is100

Sampling procedure:

This refers to the procedure by which respondents should be chosen. This study is conducted onthe basis of convenience sampling and judgment sampling.

Sampling Area:

Karnal

SOURCES OF DATA:

Primary Data:

Primary data are those data, which is originally collected. It is of following type’s questionnaire,interview, observation etc.

In this research data are collected through the Survey and Questionnaire. In this research weused primary data.

Secondary Data:

Secondary data are those data which are collected and which has been passed through statisticalresearch.

Reference

CHAPTER--3

DATA COLLECTIONS

Primary Data:

Primary data are those data, which is originally collected. It is of following type’s questionnaire,interview, observation etc.

In this research data are collected through the Survey and Questionnaire. In this research weused primary data.

Secondary Data:

Secondary data are those data which are collected and which has been passed through statisticalresearch.

Reference